1、Designation: C667 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forPrefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipmentand Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C667; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metalp
3、refabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment andpiping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typicalapplications are in nuclear power-generating plants and indus-trial plants.1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reducesradiant heat transfer across spaces by the
4、 use of surfaces ofhigh reflectance and low emittance.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purp
5、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C16
6、8 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Propertiesof Pipe InsulationC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC835 Test Method for Total Hemispherical Emittance ofSurfaces up to 1400CC854 Test Method for Res
7、istance to External Loads onMetal Reflective Pipe Insulation (Withdrawn 1997)3C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1061 Test Method f
8、or Thermal Transmission Properties ofNon-Homogeneous Insulation Panels Installed Vertically(Withdrawn 1995)3C1371 Test Method for Determination of Emittance ofMaterials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emis-someters3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms relating to thermal insulation material
9、s andtesting are in accordance with Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 convection stopsseals used to reduce convectionlosses.3.2.2 end supportsstructural members placed at the end ofa unit of insulation and fastened to both the inner and outercase.3.2.2.1 Discu
10、ssionThe primary purpose of the end sup-ports is to increase the structural integrity of the unit.3.2.3 inner casethe innermost sheet of the unit of insula-tion (closest to the hot surface).3.2.3.1 Discussion The inner case may perform structuralfunctions in addition to its thermal functions.3.2.4 i
11、nsulation assemblyan assembly of insulation unitsarranged and secured together in a prescribed order thatcomprises the complete insulation for a vessel, pump, pipeline,or other component for a single design objective.3.2.5 insulation systema collection of insulationassemblies, that when secured toge
12、ther in a prescribed order,comprises the complete insulation for a vessel, pump, pipeline,or other component for a single design objective.3.2.6 lap strapsstrips that overlap a longitudinal or cir-cumferential joint in the insulation which aligns adjacentinsulation units and may also serve to restri
13、ct air infiltrationand convection losses and to shed external falling water.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe lap straps may be integral with onepiece of the outer case or separate strips secured to it.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct res
14、ponsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onReflective Insulation.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C667-09. DOI:10.1520/C0667-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
15、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
16、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.7 outer casethe outermost sheet or the unit of insula-tion (farthest from the hot surface). It usually performsstructural functions in addition to its thermal functions.3.2.8 penetrationsopenings in a unit of insulation fromthe cold sur
17、face through to the hot surface.3.2.9 reflective linersthose reflective sheets or foil inter-posed between the inner and outer case to reflect radiantenergy, to minimize emission of radiant energy, and to restrictinternal convection.3.2.10 thickness(see Fig. 1).3.2.11 unit of insulationa single stru
18、cturally independentassembly of inner case, outer case, reflective liners, and endsupports (if required).4. Ordering Information4.1 Ordering information shall include the following:4.1.1 Service requirements including operating hot surfacetemperature, expected ambient temperatures, and ambient airve
19、locities,4.1.2 Expected service life and any special environmentalexposures,4.1.3 Permitted average heat loss per unit of cold surface oras otherwise specified,4.1.4 Personnel exposure surface temperature limitations,4.1.5 Expected seismic, loading, and vibration exposures,4.1.6 Purchasers systems a
20、nd equipment drawings,4.1.7 Limits, if any, on size, maximum thickness, weight, ornumber of insulation units requiring removal for inspection,4.1.8 Location of components or maintenance, or both, andsystems requiring removal of units for inspections,4.1.9 Any unusual operating or test conditions, an
21、d4.1.10 Cleanliness level required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Each insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabri-cated metal construction comprised of an inner casing and anouter casing, and if needed, one or more reflective linerssupported and spaced so as to minimize internal convectio
22、nand conduction. These parts are arranged to form a durablerigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner andouter casing and the individual reflective liners.5.2 The reflective insulation described herein is limited tosystems of insulating units, designed by the manufacturer to fitthe e
23、quipment or piping to be insulated, and engineered for thepurchasers service requirements.5.3 All parts of reflective insulation units be made of metalsthat meet the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements notonly of the insulation as a unit, but also as an assembly of unitsforming the insulati
24、on system. The materials shall performtheir functions for the service life specified and be compatiblewith the environment in which they will be used.FIG. 1 Illustration of Terms Relating to Prefabricated Reflective Insulation SystemsC667 09 (2014)25.4 The stainless steel liners/foils shall be a min
25、imum of0.002 in. (0.05 mm) in thickness. Liners shall have anemittance of 0.25 or less when tested at 75 F (24 C) inaccordance with Test Method C1371. There shall be a mini-mum of three foils per in. of insulation thickness. The optionsfor the foils configuration are flat or patterned.6. Temperature
26、 Limitations6.1 Each insulation unit must effectively limit the flow ofheat through the insulation by radiation, convection, andconduction. The reflective liners (also referred to as radiationshields or foils) are made of metals having low emittance andhigh reflectance. The emittance shall be tested
27、 in accordancewith Test Method C835 or C1371. The number and spacing ofthe liners are determined by the required limitation of heatflow.6.2 The temperature limits of various materials shall bebased on the potential increase in radiant heat transfer acrossspaces due to a reduction in reflectance and
28、a correspondingincrease in emittance resulting from surface oxidation. Indi-vidual components of the insulation system operating attemperatures of 750F (400C) or higher shall not be made ofaluminum or aluminum alloys. Components operating at1200F (649C) or higher, shall be manufactured from Type300
29、series austenitic stainless steel or material with the sameproperties.6.3 A representative unit or assembly shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method C411.7. Thermal Performance7.1 The purchase specification shall clearly indicate thepermissible average rate of heat loss per unit area for each t
30、ypeof surface. The tests shall be in accordance with Test MethodC335 for pipes, or Test Method C1061 for flat surfaces, or atest method agreed upon between the purchaser and manufac-turer. Table 1 and Table 2 contain maximum values forapparent thermal conductivity. Butt joint heat losses shall beacc
31、ounted for by including at least one butt joint within themetered area in thermal performance test. Practices C1045 andC1058 shall be used for determining and reporting thermaltransmission properties.7.2 Due to the limitation of present configurations of reflec-tive insulation, those being flat, con
32、e and cylindrical, there canbe a significant difference between the hot equipment surfacearea and the outer case area. Therefore, the thermal perfor-mance for equipment be referenced to the area of the outercase, unless otherwise specified. To be consistent, the outercase area shall also be used for
33、 pipe, unless otherwise specified.7.3 Thermal performance of pipe insulation per unit of coldsurface area shall be obtained by multiplying transference (T)or conductance (C) as determined by Test Methods C335,byratio of the radii of the insulation outer surface (r2) and the testpipe (ro). Example:Cc
34、 5 C 3 ro/r2(1)where:Cc = conductance based on the area of the insulation (coldsurface).7.4 Heat loss shall include consideration of insulation ori-entation (horizontal or vertical) and the insulation joint design.7.5 The specification not limit both heat loss throughinsulation and outer case temper
35、ature at the same time. Ifpersonnel exposure to high surface temperatures is consideredto be a danger in limited areas, those areas shall be explicitlyidentified with the maximum allowable surface temperatureand the ambient design conditions, and one or more of thefollowing alternatives shall be use
36、d.7.5.1 External guarding,7.5.2 Additional insulation,7.5.3 High emittance outer case, or7.5.4 Other acceptable techniques agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.6 Increased heat loss associated with modified insulationor reduced insulation thickness shall be identified.8. Design and Co
37、nstruction8.1 The insulation shall be metal construction and shallform a system of prefabricated insulation units in integratedassemblies designed to fit the surfaces to be insulated withallowance for thermal expansion and contraction.8.2 Insulation shall be designed to fit the specified surface,bei
38、ng insulated as necessary to limit heat losses due toconvection and conduction. Insulation shall be manufacturedso that edges or projections do not cause damage to the surfaceof the insulated pipe or equipment.8.3 Insulation units shall have end (or edge) supports andconvection stops at intervals as
39、 required to limit convectiveheat loss. Insulation units shall have banded and sealed ends,lapped or stepped ends, or a purchaser approved design thatminimizes heat leakage at joints. Gaps required for thermalTABLE 1 PanelsApparent Thermal ConductivityAMean Temperature Btu in./h ft2(W/mk)184 (84.4)
40、0.369 (0.053)291 (143.8) 0.477 (0.069)398 (203.3) 0.657 (0.095)AThe thermal transmission properties of metal reflective insulation depends ontemperature, temperature difference, dimensions, emittance, and heat flow direc-tion. The apparent thermal conductivity requirements specified in the table are
41、based on specimens tested as specified in 7.1.TABLE 2 PipingApparent Thermal ConductivityATmean F TmeanC k k (W/mk)Horizontal 181 82 0.506 0.073Horizontal 292 145 0.599 0.087Horizontal 411 211 0.741 0.107Vertical 181 83 0.625 0.091Vertical 294 146 0.755 0.109Vertical 416 213 0.886 0.128AThe thermal
42、transmission properties of metal reflective insulation depends ontemperature, temperature difference, dimensions, emittance, and heat flow direc-tion. The apparent thermal conductivity requirements specified in the table arebased on specimens tested as specified in 7.1.C667 09 (2014)3expansion or fo
43、r internal unit construction are permitted whenapproved by the purchaser.8.4 Insulation units and assemblies shall have the strengthand rigidity to withstand specified seismic forces, and theoperational loading and vibration requirements. Each unit shallhave strength and rigidity to hold its interna
44、l parts in its spacialrelationship without bunching or matting. Resistance to exter-nal loads shall be determined by the use of Test Method C854.8.5 Insulation units and assemblies shall have provisions toretard entrance of liquids and to drain condensate, moisture, orother liquids from spill or oth
45、er exposures specified in theordering information.8.6 Units shall have provisions to prevent internal pressurebuild-up.8.7 Attachments, fasteners, and interlocking constructionshall hold the insulation units firmly in place in the assembliesunder all specified operating and test conditions. Location
46、s ofsuch items on interchangeable insulation units shall bematched.8.8 Provisions shall be included for mating insulation tobranch piping insulation at valves, pumps, and noncylindricalsections for penetrations through the insulation for instrumen-tation or other purposes.9. Installation and Removal
47、9.1 Individual or groups of removable insulation units shallbe provided for examination of component surfaces at loca-tions shown on purchasers drawings, or as otherwise specifiedor agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. Insulationassembly design shall permit removal of such units with amin
48、imum of disturbance to adjacent insulation units.9.2 Insulation units shall be installed either individually orin groups so as to be able to perform replacement,maintenance, examination, and repairs of the insulated com-ponents with minimum disturbance of large portions of theinsulation system. Limi
49、ts on size of groups or number of unitsshall be as specified by the purchaser.9.3 The insulation shall permit removal and reinstallationmanually without the use of special tools unless otherwisespecified by the purchaser.9.4 The maximum weight of each individual insulation unitor combination units attached together during removal andreinstallation shall be as specified by the purchaser.10. Cleaning10.1 Materials shall be kept visibly free of oil, grease, andother dirt during all fabricating operations.10.2 All materials components shall be cleaned to anacc
