1、Designation: C708 16Standard Specification forNuclear-Grade Beryllium Oxide Powder1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C708; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines the physical and chemicalrequirements of nuclear-grade beryllium oxide (BeO) powderto be used in fabricating nuclear comp
3、onents.1.2 This specification does not include requirements forhealth and safety (1-5).2It recognizes the material as a Class Bpoison and suggests that producers and users become thor-oughly familiar with and comply to applicable federal, state,and local regulations and handling guidelines (1).1.3 S
4、pecial tests and procedures are given in Annex A1 andAnnex A2.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density,Apparent Porosity,
5、andApparent Specific Gravity of FiredWhiteware Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass TilesC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contentsof Nuclear MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE105 Practice for Probabili
6、ty Sampling of Materials2.2 ASME Standard:ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Requirementsfor Nuclear Facilities42.3 U.S. Government Standard:Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Energy Part 50(10CFR50) Domestic Licensing of Production and Utili-zation Facilities53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1
7、.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminol-ogy C859 except as defined in 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 beryllium oxide powderBeO that contains no hardaggregates larger than No. 20 sieve designation (850 m).3.2.2 buyerorganization issuing the purchase order.3
8、.2.3 calcinationprocess of heating a material to a hightemperature but without fusing in order to drive off volatilematter or to effect physical, chemical, or crystallographicchanges.3.2.4 powder lotthat quantity of beryllium-oxide powderprocessed such that samples taken in accordance with theproced
9、ures of Section 8 can be considered as representative ofthe entire powder lot.3.2.5 sellerberyllium oxide powder supplier.4. Ordering Information4.1 The beryllium oxide powder must meet the chemical(Section 5) and physical (Section 6) requirements of thisspecification, based upon samples taken in ac
10、cordance withSection 8. Deviation from these procedures and requirementsor additions to them must be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller.4.2 To be consistent with the requirements in 4.1, the buyermay specify the following information on the order:4.2.1 Quantity (weight of delivered product)
11、,4.2.2 Lot size,4.2.3 Degree of calcination (optional),4.2.4 Nominal particle size range and applicable tolerancesin accordance with Specification E11 (U.S. Standard Sieve1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 onNuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subc
12、ommittee C26.03 onNeutron Absorber Materials Specifications.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C708 08. DOI:10.1520/C0708-16.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the e
13、nd ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechan
14、ical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM Internat
15、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Series). For particle sizes smaller than No. 270 sieve designa-tion (53 m), the particle size distribution shall be agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller, and4.2.5 Sampling requirements.5. Chemical Compo
16、sition5.1 Beryllium-oxide powder is used for a variety of nuclearapplications. Depending upon end use, the purity requirementsmay be quite variable.5.2 Use analytical methods as agreed upon between thebuyer and the seller.5.3 Mass loss on dryinga5to10-g sample of the powder at110 6 5C for 1 h shall
17、be 0.50 % maximum.After drying, themass loss on ignition of the sample at 1000 6 50C for 3 hshall be 1.0 % maximum.5.4 Impurity concentrations before drying (see 5.3) shall notexceed the limits given in Table 1.5.5 Sample material (see 5.3) shall not exceed the impuritylimits given in Table 2.5.6 Ot
18、her elements, in addition to those listed in Table 2,may be included in the buyers impurity content requirementsby mutual agreement between the buyer and the seller.5.7 The total equivalent boron content (EBC) of the impu-rities shall not exceed 9 g/g on a mass basis relative to BeO.The method of pe
19、rforming the calculation shall be as indicatedin Practice C1233. The individual EBC values are calculated asfollows:EBC of impurity 5 EBC factor! 3 g of impurity/g BeO!where:EBC factor = (atomic mass of boron) (a impurity)/(atomic mass or impurity) (a boron), anda = atomic absorption cross section i
20、n barns.5.7.1 Should the EBC of additional elements not listed inPractice C1233 be of concern, their inclusion in the summationand their respective EBC factors must be mutually agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller.6. Physical Requirements6.1 All of the beryllium-oxide shall be passed through
21、a No.20 sieve designation (850 m) or equivalent.6.2 The powder shall be at least 99.5 mass % less than a No.100 sieve designation (150 m) determined by the wet sievetest in Annex A1 or other test mutually agreed upon betweenthe buyer and the seller.6.3 Beryllium-oxide powders may exhibit different b
22、ulk ortap densities, or both, due to different production methods. Theacceptable density values for nuclear grade BeO powder are asfollows:6.3.1 Bulk Density0.15 to 0.50 g/cm3, and6.3.2 Tap Density0.30 to 1.00 g/cm3.6.4 SinterabilityTest pellets shall be produced and mea-sured in accordance with a s
23、intering performance test agreedupon between the buyer and the seller. A sinterability perfor-mance test described in Annex A2 is presented as a guide.7. Cleanliness7.1 The powder lot shall be handled in a manner to avoidcontamination by foreign matter such as dust, cleaning agentsand organics, and
24、materials such as plastics and paper used inpackaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halidesand nonvolatile additives and shall be removed from thepowder prior to sampling and packaging.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling plans to meet acceptance criteria and inspec-tion and measurement procedur
25、es that describe the method ofcompliance with this specification shall be established by theseller and submitted to the buyer for approval. The degree ofsampling where not specified in this specification, varies withthe application and for this reason should be specified on thepurchase order. Practi
26、ce E105 is referenced as a guide.8.2 Each sample taken shall be sufficient for quality verifi-cation tests, acceptance tests, referee tests, and achieve tests asneeded.8.3 Archive samples shall be retained for a period of timespecified by the buyer and be delivered to the buyer uponrequest.8.4 Each
27、sample shall be plainly marked with the following:8.4.1 Beryllium-oxide powder,8.4.2 Purchase order number,8.4.3 Purchase order specification,8.4.4 Gross, net, and tare weights,8.4.5 Lot number, and8.4.6 Name of seller.8.5 Lot samples shall be prepared by blending and splittingthe container samples.
28、TABLE 1 Impurity Limits for Beryllium-Oxide PowderBefore DryingAElement Maximum Concentration (g/g BeO)S 1500F 500Cl 100C 500P 300S+F+Cl+C+P 2000AAfter drying sample in accordance with 5.3.TABLE 2 Impurity Limits for Beryllium-Oxide PowderAfter IgnitionElement Maximum Concentration (g/g BeO)Al 100B3
29、Cd 2Ca 50Cr 20Co 5Cu 10Fe 50Li 3Mg 100Mn 10Ni 15Si 150C708 1628.5.1 To obtain a container sample, take specimens with athief at random locations along a randomly chosen verticaltraverse through each container selected at random to besampled. Then blend the thief samples from the selectedcontainers a
30、nd split down to the required size.8.5.2 The number of containers so sampled shall be 5 +(n/10), where n is the total number of containers per lotrounded to the nearest decade. If there are five or fewercontainers per lot, each container shall be so sampled.8.6 Package the lot sample so that no fore
31、ign material isintroduced into the powder during storage or shipment. Themethod of packaging shall be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller.8.7 Acceptance of the powder shall be on a lot basisprovided the material meets the requirements of this specifi-cation.9. Inspection and Certification9.1
32、 The seller shall inspect the material covered by thisspecification and shall furnish the buyer with certificates oftests specified under Sections 5 and 6 showing the results oftesting and inspection performed for a powder lot.9.2 The results of all tests carried out by or on behalf of theseller inc
33、luding material sampling, size range, density, chemi-cal and impurity levels, visual appearance, sinterability, etc., inconformance with the requirements of this specification shallbe certified by the seller.10. Rejection10.1 Unless the buyer and seller agree otherwise, rejectionand acceptance shall
34、 be on a lot basis.10.2 Powder lots that fail to conform to the requirements ofthe specification may be rejected by the buyer. The seller maypetition the buyer to waive selected requirements for identifiedout-of-specification lots. Decision to grant such waiver belongsto the buyer. The seller may al
35、so apply any remedy to bringrejected lots into specification providing the seller can demon-strate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair thefunction or preclude the certification of the rejected material.10.3 In the event of disagreement over the results ofanalysis, samples shall be submitte
36、d to a mutually selectedreferee for resolution.11. Packaging and Shipping11.1 The powder shall be packaged in commercial vapor-tight nonhalogen bearing bags. The sealed bag shall becontained in an outer container for shipping purposes. Theseller will be responsible for using a shipping container tha
37、tensures cleanliness, minimizes moisture pickup, provides ad-equate protection against damage during transportation, andensures reasonable ease of unpackaging.11.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-lowing:11.2.1 Beryllium oxide powder,11.2.2 Purchase order number,11.2.3 Purchase or
38、der specification,11.2.4 Gross, net, and tare weights,11.2.5 Lot number, and11.2.6 Name of seller.12. Quality Assurance12.1 Quality assurance requirements shall be agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller when specified in the purchaseorder. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50,Appendix
39、B and ANSI/ASME NQA-1 are referenced as guides.ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. WET SIEVE TESTA1.1 Place approximately 20 g of beryllium-oxide powderonto a 51 mm (2 in.) diameter preweighed sieve No. 100designation (150 m).A1.2 Both the powder and the sieve shall be dried at 150 65C.A1.3 Weigh the
40、dry powder and sieve to nearest 1 mg.A1.4 Wet the powder carefully with a small portion of waterfrom a wash bottle that has a fine dispensing tip and thatcontains 500 mL of warm water. Wash the beryllium-oxidethrough the sieve with the remaining water while gentlyshaking the sieve.A1.5 Redry the sie
41、ve at 150 6 5C and reweigh. Theresidue retained on the sieve shall not exceed 0.5 mass % of theinitial sample.C708 163A2. SINTERABILITY PERFORMANCE TESTA2.1 The purpose of the performance test is to verify thesinterability of the beryllium-oxide powder. It is not intendedto simulate the buyers fabri
42、cation process.A2.2 All parameters of the performance test, once mutuallyestablished, between the buyer and the seller shall remainunchanged throughout the order.A2.3 Performance test results shall be required for the lotsample pulled from the powder lot in accordance with thesampling procedure (Sec
43、tion 8). A minimum of five pelletsshall be required to constitute a valid performance test for apowder sample.A2.4 Density of the fired test pellets shall be determined andshall not deviate from the five pellet average by more than3.0 %. Results shall show a minimum density of 90 % oftheoretical den
44、sity for each pellet. (The theoretical density ofBeO is 3.01 g/cm3.) Sintered pellet density shall be determinedby Test Method C373 or demonstrated equivalent methodsagreed upon between the buyer and the seller.A2.5 Sinterability Test:A2.5.1 Cold press the sample. A binder or lubricant may beused in
45、 the pelletizing. Report the binder, lubricant, greendensity, compacting pressure, and dwell time.A2.5.2 Green dimensions of the test pellets shall be 12.7 60.375 mm diameter and the length/diameter ratio shall be 0.75or greater. Report the type of press and pressing conditions.A2.5.3 Fire the pelle
46、ts in one group (boat) in air for2hata temperature controlled to 625C in the range from 1500 to1625C. Report the sintering temperature and heating rateused. After cooling to room temperature determine the densityof the pellets.A2.5.4 The type of furnace used and atmosphere shall beidentical througho
47、ut all performance tests. Report firing sched-ules and actually observed “at temperature” data. Indicate thesource of the temperature measurement, that is, wall or boattemperature.REFERENCES(1) ICC Regulations, Tariff 12, Code of Regulations, Title 49, Office ofthe Federal Register, NationalArchives
48、 and Record Services, GeneralServices Administration, Washington, DC.(2) Breslin, A. J., and Harris, W. B., “Health Protection in BerylliumFacilities: Summary of 10 Years of Experience,” Health and SafetyLaboratory, Vol 26, May 1959.(3) Ferreira, L. E., “Recommended Practices for Safe Handling ofBer
49、yllium Oxide Ceramics,” Symposium on Materials and ElectronDevice Processing, ASTM STP 300, ASTTA, 1961.(4) New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, HazardousSubstance Fact Sheet, BERYLLIUM OXIDE, CAS Number: 1304-56-9, DOT Number: UN 1566, RTK Substance Number 0226; July2004.(5) Materion Safety Facts; Safety Practices for Working with BerylliumOxide Products; SF301 Version 2, March 2011.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
