1、Designation: C76M 16Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe(Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C76M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers reinforc
3、ed concrete pipe in-tended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in thisspecification. Reinforced concrete pip
4、e that conform to therequirements of C76 are acceptable under this SpecificationC76M unless prohibited by the Owner.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition a
5、nd the strength classification ofpipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, typeof bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care andinstallation conforms to the construction specific
6、ations. The owner of thereinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he mustcorrelate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified andprovide inspection at the construction site.NOTE 2Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concreteD-load culvert, storm drai
7、n, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for
8、 Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire andWelded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, forConcreteC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC309 Specif
9、ication for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M S
10、pecification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC655M Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989/C989M
11、 Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe,Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using PreformedFlexible Joint Sealants (Metric)C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specific
12、ation for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity FlowSewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see
13、 Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specificationshall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class III,Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength require-ments are prescribed in Tables 1-5.1This specification is under the jurisdiction
14、 of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 onReinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C76M - 15. DOI:10.1520/C0076M-16.2F
15、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of,or before placing an order, there are two separate and alterna-tive bases of acceptance. Independent of the method ofacceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet bot
17、h the 0.01-in.crack and ultimate strength requirements specified in Tables1-5.5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests,Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for VisualDefects and ImperfectionsAcceptability of the pipe in alldiameters and classes produced in accordance
18、with 7.1 or 7.2shall be determined by the results of the three-edge bearingtests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are requiredin 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6; by an absorption test of the concretefrom the wall of the pipe as required in 11.9; and by visualinspection of the finished pipe to d
19、etermine its conformancewith the accepted design and its freedom from defects.5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Test and Inspec-tion of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and ImperfectionsAcceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes producedin accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determi
20、ned by the resultsof such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6;bycrushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; byan absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe foreach mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection ofthe finished pipe includin
21、g amount and placement of reinforce-ment to determine its conformance with the accepted designand its freedom from defects.5.1.3 When agreed upon between the owner andmanufacturer, any portion or any combination of the testsitemized in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.5.2 Age for Acce
22、ptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicatedby the specified tests.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, water,and admixtures, if any, in which steel has been embe
23、dded insuch a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement,or portland-pozzolan cement conforming
24、 to the requirementsof Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be flyash.6.2.2 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the re-quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the req
25、uirements ofClass F or Class C of Specification C618.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzola
26、n cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cem
27、ent, and fly ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and flyash.NOTE 1The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables1-5.NOTE 2The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage a
28、nd the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables1-5.FIG. 1 Triple Cage ReinforcementC76M 1626.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall notapply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and ble
29、nds areallowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to SpecificationC260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved b
30、y the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M, or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M,Specification A615/A615M Grade 280 or 420, or SpecificationA706/A706M Grade 420. For helically wound cages only,weld shear t
31、ests are not required.6.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concretepipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designedand manufactured specifically fo
32、r use in concrete and conform-ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shallbe accepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shallbe potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe diameter, wall thickness,
33、compres-sive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumferen-tial reinforcement shall be as prescribed for Classes I to V inTables 1-5, except as provided in 7.2.7.1.1 The reinforcement as presented in the tables hereinallows single circular cage reinforcement or separate inner andouter ci
34、rcular cage reinforcement or single elliptical cagereinforcement or a combination thereof.Footnotes to the tables are intended to clarify tabulatedrequirements or provide acceptable alternative reinforcementdesigns, either of which are applicable and binding as if theywere contained in the body of t
35、he specification.7.2 Modified and Special Designs:TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete PipeANOTE 1See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the
36、 D-load (test load expressedin newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate loadas specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 40.0D-l
37、oad to produce the ultimate load 60.0InternalDesignatedDiameter,mmReinforcement, cm2/linear m of pipe wallWall A Wall BConcrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPaWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCIn
38、nerCageOuterCageInnerCageOuterCage1500 125 5.3 3.2 5.9 150 4.4 2.6 4.91650 138 6.4 3.8 7.0 163 5.3 3.2 5.91800 150 7.4 4.4 8.3 175 6.1 3.7 6.81950 163 8.5 5.1 9.3 188 6.8 4.1 7.62100 175 9.5 5.7 10.6 200 7.8 4.7 8.72250 188 10.4 6.2 11.4 213 8.7 5.2 9.72400 200 11.4 6.8 12.7 225 9.7 5.8 10.8Concrete
39、 Strength, 34.5 MPa2550 213 13.3 8.0Inner CircularPlus Elliptical5.38.0238 11.4 6.8Inner CircularPlus Elliptical4.66.82700 225 14.4 8.6Inner CircularPlus Elliptical5.88.6250 12.9 7.7Inner CircularPlus Elliptical5.27.72850A. . . .A. . . .3000A. . . .A. . . .3150A. . . .A. . . .3300A. . . .A. . . .345
40、0A. . . .A. . . .3600A. . . .A. . . .AFor modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated betweenthose shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter s
41、hall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.BAs an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the
42、area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total areaof the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with
43、Fig. 2,orAn inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.CElliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.C76M 1637.2.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer mayreques
44、t approval by the owner of modified designs that differfrom the designs in; or special designs for sizes and loadsbeyond those shown in Tables 1-5, 7.1, or special designs forpipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement areas shown inTables 1-5.7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be base
45、d onrational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength andcracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to theowner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. Thedescriptions of modified or special designs shall include thewall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type,
46、placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein-forcement.7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof ofthe adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Suchproof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge-bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to th
47、e owneror, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available oracceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform prooftests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstratethe adequacy of the proposed design.TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class II Reinforced Concrete PipeANOTE 1See
48、Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressedin newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loa
49、ds to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate loadas specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 50.0D-load to produce the ultimate load 75.0InternalDesignatedDiameter,mmReinforcement, cm2/linear m of pipe wallWall A Wall B Wall CConcrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPaWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforceme
