1、Designation: C 778 06Standard Specification forStandard Sand1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th
2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in thetesting of hydraulic cements.1.2
3、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement inSI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules forConversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10,ofmeasurements made in other units.1.4 This standard does not purport
4、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109/C
5、 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 150 Specification for Portl
6、and CementC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeC 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of
7、Hydraulic CementsE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 2030 sand, nstandard sand, predominantly gradedto
8、pass a 850-m (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-m(No. 30) sieve.3.1.2 graded sand, nstandard sand, predominantly gradedbetween the 600-m (No. 30) sieve and the 150-m (No. 100)sieve.3.1.3 standard sand, nsilica sand, composed almost en-tirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, us
9、edfor preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.4. Requirements4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respectto grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable airentraining characteristics.METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTINGSTANDARD SANDS5. Apparatus5.1 SievesThe sieves sh
10、all be standard 203-mm (8-in.)diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to therequirements of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-m (No. 40)850-m (No. 20) 300-m (No. 50)600-m (No. 30) 150-m (No. 100)5.2 Sample SplitterThe sample splitter, receptacles, andfee
11、der pan or hopper shall conform to the general designrequirements listed in Method A, apparatus section of PracticeC 702, except that the device shall have no fewer than eightchutes having a maximum opening no greater than 13 mm, and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01
12、 onCement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination ofStandards.Current edition approved May 15, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 778 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
13、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
14、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a minimum opening at least three times the diameter of thelargest particle of sand in a sample to be split.5.3 Reference Masses and Devices for Determining MassReference masses and devices for determining mass shallconform to the requirements of Sp
15、ecification C 1005 as appro-priate for the size of the sample the mass of which is to bedetermined.6. Sampling6.1 Sample each lot or shipment and test for the gradingrequirements in Table 1. Determine air entraining characteris-tics only when contamination of sand is suspected. Sample theshipment in
16、 accordance to the procedure listed in 9.1.6.2 ProcedureUsing Method AMechanical Splitter pro-cedure described in Practice C 702, reduce the entire contentsof a bag of standard sand to a testing size of approximately 100g.7. Sieve Analysis7.1 SievingSieve the sand by hand or mechanically asdescribed
17、 in Test Method C 136.7.2 ReportingReport the results of the sieve analysis astotal percentage passing each sieve.8. Tests for Air-Entraining Potential of Sand8.1 Small amounts of some surfactants or other contami-nants will produce air voids in mortars made with 2030 sand,graded sands or both. When
18、 contamination is suspected, testthe sands in accordance with the procedures described in thissection to determine the effect on air content or strength (seeNote 1).NOTE 1It may be desirable to wash these sands routinely to avoidpotential problems. Additionally, the washing procedure outlined in 8.1
19、.1will tend to minimize segregation of sand that may occur when the sandis handled in a dry state.8.1.1 Obtain a sample of at least 2800 g from a full bag ofsand. Place the remainder of the sand from the bag in aconcrete mixer of the drum type. Add sufficient water to coverthe sand and mix for 2 min
20、. Decant the water over a 75 msieve and drain for 2 min. Repeat the washing and decantingprocedure four times. Tilt the mixer and drain the sand for 20min or longer. Determine the mass of damp sand and place itin approximately batch-sized quantities in separate containers.Dry the sand to constant ma
21、ss in an oven at 110 C. Cool andadjust the quantity of dry sand to the amount required for a test.Prepare two batches of each of “washed” and as “as received”sand for test following the procedures in Test Method C 185 for2030 sand or Test Method C 109/C 109M for graded sand.8.1.2 Tests for air-entra
22、ining potential of a standard sandshall be made on a single day by a single operator.8.2 2030 SandPrepare two batches of mortar withwashed sand and two with “as received” sand in accordancewith Test Method C 185. Compare the average air content forwashed and unwashed sand mortars for compliance with
23、 limitin Table 1.8.3 Graded SandPrepare two batches of mortar withwashed sand and two with “as received” sand in accordancewith Test Method C 109/C 109M. When Test Method C 109/C 109M mortar cubes are removed from the molds, determinethe density of a group of at least three cubes from each batchby d
24、etermining the mass of the cubes both in air and immersedin water. Follow procedures outlined in Test Method C 127 forbulk specific gravity (SSD). Determine the mass of the cubes toat least the nearest gram. Calculate the apparent air content asfollows:apparent air content 5 Dt2 Dm!/Dt! 3 100 (1)whe
25、re:Dm= the measured density (bulk specific gravity (SSD),andDt= the theoretical density of air-free mortar, g/cm3.Note that Dtis calculated as the total mass of the ingredientsin a batch of mortar divided by the sum of the absolute volumesof the cement, sand, and water used in the batch. Average the
26、apparent air content of the two batches made with washed sandand compare that average with the similar average for “asreceived” sand mortar to determine compliance with the limitin Table 1.9. Rejection9.1 Standard SandReject a bag of standard sand if thecontents fail to meet one or more of the requi
27、rements of thisspecification. Sample a shipment of standard sand by selectingevery 15th bag by consecutive number beginning with the 5thbag of the shipment. Count bags missing from the sequence asif they were there. Accept a shipment of standard sand if thecontents of the selected bags meet the requ
28、irements of thisspecification. If any of the selected bags fail to meet one ormore of the requirements of this specification, resample theshipment by selecting every 15th bag by consecutive numberbeginning with the 10th bag of the shipment. Accept ashipment of standard sand if the contents of the se
29、lected bagson the resampling meet the requirements of this specification.If any of the selected bags in the resampling fail to meet one ormore of the requirements of this specification, and the rejectedbag is within a 15-bag sequence of a bag rejected in the firstselection of bags, reject the entire
30、 sequence of bags betweenaccepted tests. Reject the entire shipment if half of the numberTABLE 1 Standard Sand RequirementsCharacteristics 20-30 Sand Graded SandGrading, percent passing sieve:1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100850 m (No. 20) 85 to 100600 m (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100425 m (No. 40) 65 to 75300 m
31、(No. 50) 20 to 30150 m (No. 100) 0 to 4Difference in air content of mortars madewith washed and unwashed sand, max,%airA2.0 1.5BSource of sand Ottawa, IL orLeSuer, MNOttawa, ILAThis determination is needed when contamination of sand is suspected asdiscussed in 8.1.BCompressive strength of Test Metho
32、d C 109/C 109M mortar made withSpecification C 150 or C 595 cement will be reduced approximately 4 % for eachpercent of air in the compacted cube. However, as many as three batches ofwashed and three of unwashed sand may be needed to reliably detect a differencein strength of 7 % between washed and
33、unwashed sand mortars.C778062of bags tested fail to meet the requirements of this specifica-tion, or if the shipment consists of five bags or less if onerandomly selected bag fails the specification.9.2 Table 2 shows for both sampling and resampling inColumn 2 the number of bags to be tested based o
34、n the totalnumber of consecutive bags in the shipment. Column 3 showsthe identification of the bag to be selected for test based on theconsecutive number of the bags.NOTE 2For example, if, in a shipment of 30 bags, on first sampling,the 20th bag fails the specification, and on resampling, the 25th b
35、ag failsthe specification, the entire shipment is rejected. If the shipment were 100bags and on first sampling only the 20th bag fails, and on resampling onlythe 25th bag fails, only bags Nos. 11 to 34 would be rejected.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 PackagingStandard sands shall be delivered
36、 in bagswith impervious liners made of material that will not contami-nate the sand.10.2 MarkingEach bag shall be plainly marked as fol-lows: ASTM C 778 20-30 Sand or ASTM C 778 Graded Sandas the case may be. The source of the sand and the mass of thesand contained therein shall be plainly indicated
37、 on each bag.11. Keywords11.1 20-30 sand; graded sand; hydraulic cement testingsand; standard sandSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 778 02, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 15, 2006
38、)(1) Revised 5.2.(2) Added new 6.1.(3) Revised 9.1 and Note 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
39、patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
40、either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fa
41、ir hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this st
42、andard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Sampling and Resampling of Standard SandTotal No. of ConsecutiveBags in ShipmentNo. of Bagsto TestTest in Conse
43、cutive No., theFollowing BagsSampling:less than 5 1 random5to19 1 5th20 to 34 2 5th and 20th35 to 49 3 5th, 20th, and 35th50 to 64 4 5th, 20th, 35th, and 50thResampling:less than 5 none reject shipment5to19 1 10th20 to 34 2 10th and 25th35 to 49 3 10th, 25th, and 40th50 to 64 4 10th, 25th, 40th, and 55thC778063
