1、Designation: C 858 07Standard Specification forUnderground Precast Concrete Utility Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the recommended design cri-teria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectionalprecast concrete uti
3、lity structures. Concrete pipe and boxculverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precastconcrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excludedfrom this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-crete Reinforc
4、ementA 184/A 184M Specification for Welded Deformed SteelBar Mats for Concrete ReinforcementA 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wi
5、re Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 996/A 996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-SteelDeformed Bar
6、s for Concrete ReinforcementC 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed
7、Beams of ConcreteC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-En
8、training Admixtures for Con-creteC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole SectionsC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specificat
9、ion for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 857 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading forUnderground Precast Concrete Utility Structures2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete32.3 American Welding
10、 Society Standard:AWS-D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel43. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to this Standard:3.1.1 utility structurea structure that is used by electric,gas, communication, or similar industries.4. Ordering Information4.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the purc
11、haser in hisorder, a structure produced in accordance with this specifica-tion and constructed in accordance with the design drawingsapproved by the purchaser shall be acceptable.5. Materials5.1 CementPortland cement shall conform to the require-ments of Specification C 150 or shall be portland blas
12、t-furnaceslag cement or portland pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Specification C 595.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 onUtility Structures.Current edition approved J
13、une 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 858 83 (2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
14、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.1Copyright ASTM Int
15、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 AggregatesAggregate shall conform to SpecificationC33and light-weight aggregate shall conform to SpecificationC 330, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.5.3 AdmixturesAdmixtures m
16、ay be used provided suchadmixtures are not injurious to other products used in theconcrete.5.3.1 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to Specification C 494/C 494M.5.3.2 Fly Ash and Pozzolanic AdmixtureFly ash or otherpozzolanic admixtures shall conform to Specification C 618.5.3.3 Ai
17、r-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admix-tures conforming to Specification C 260 shall be used whenthere is a risk that the concrete may be exposed to afreeze-thaw cycle. The concrete mixture shall contain 5.5 61.5 % air by volume as determined by Specification C 231.5.4 WaterWater used for curin
18、g, washing aggregate, ormixing concrete shall be clean and free of injurious amounts ofoil, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other substancesthat may be incompatible with concrete or steel.5.5 Steel Reinforcement:5.5.1 Wire ReinforcementWire reinforcement shall con-form to Specifications
19、 A 82/A 82M or A 496/A 496M.5.5.2 Wire Fabric ReinforcementWire fabric reinforce-ment shall conform to Specifications A 185/A 185M or A 497/A 497M.5.5.3 Bar ReinforcementBar reinforcement shall conformto Specifications A 184/A 184M, A 615/A 615M, A 706/A 706M,orA 996/A 996M.6. Manufacture6.1 FormsFo
20、rms shall be accurately constructed andstrong enough to maintain the structures dimensions withinthe tolerances given in Section 8. Forms should be constructedin such a manner as to minimize the seepage of water. Allcasting surfaces shall be smooth nonporous material.6.1.1 Cleaning and OilingForms s
21、hall be cleaned beforeeach use. New forms shall be free of paint or other protectivecoatings that might cling to the surface of the structure.Releasing agents applied to the form to aid in breaking thebond between the form and the concrete shall not be injuriousto the concrete.6.2 ReinforcementSteel
22、 reinforcement shall conform tothe requirements of this specification and shall be securelypositioned in the form to maintain design concrete cover givenin Section 7 during concrete placement. All chairs, bolsters,braces, and spacers in contact with form and reinforcing rodshall be of material that
23、will not deteriorate.6.3 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-tioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportionsof cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concretehaving the required specified compressive strength. If Ready-Mix concrete is used, it shall be in acco
24、rdance with Specifica-tion C 94/C 94M.6.4 Concrete PlacementConcrete shall be deposited asnearly as practicable in its final position. Concrete shall beplaced in the form at a rate such that the concrete is plastic atall times and flows readily into all parts of the form and aroundall reinforcement
25、steel and embedded fixtures without segre-gation of materials. Concrete that has partially hardened or hasbeen contaminated by foreign material shall not be deposited inthe form.6.5 CuringStructures shall be cured by an accepted in-dustry method that will develop the required 28-day compres-sive str
26、ength without affecting the long-term durability of theconcrete.7. Design Requirements Design Requirements7.1 The elastic method of structural design or the strengthdesign method of reinforced concrete design as outlined inACI 318, shall be used to design the concrete sections, includ-ing the reinfo
27、rcement required, when the structure is subjectedto the loading conditions covered in Practice C 857.7.2 Access OpeningsThe structural design shall take intoconsideration the number, placement, and size of accessopenings.7.3 FloorsThe minimum floor thickness resulting fromslope shall be considered a
28、s the nominal floor thickness in thedesign of the structure.7.4 Terminators, Knockouts, and SumpsDuct terminators,knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loadsimposed upon them. The basic structure shall be designed tocarry all imposed loads with knockouts removed.7.5 Placement of Reinfo
29、rcementThe design concretecover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall be not less than34 in. (19 mm) subject to the requirements of Section 8.7.6 Concrete StrengthThe minimum specified compres-sive strength for design shall be 3000 psi (21 MPa) at 28 daysof age. Compressive-strength tests shou
30、ld be made in accor-dance with Practices C 31/C 31M and C 192/C 192M and TestMethods C 39/C 39M and C 42/C 42M.7.7 JointsJoints in sectional precast concrete structureshall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assemblingsections of the structure.7.7.1 The manufacturer shall provide a single jo
31、int designon all units of the same size and type to ensure interchange-ability.7.8 Lifting DevicesDesign of lifting devices shall con-form to requirements as specified in the Lifting DevicesSection of Practice C 857.8. Permissible Variations8.1 Dimensional TolerancesThe length, width, height, ordiam
32、eter measurements of the structure when measured on theinside surfaces shall not deviate from design dimensions bymore than the following:Dimensions Tolerance0to5ft(0to1.52m) 614 in. (66 mm)5 to 10 ft (1.52 to 3.05 m) 638 in. (610 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.058 to 6.10 m) 612 in. (613 mm)20 ft (6.10 m) and o
33、ver as agreed upon between thesupplier and purchaser8.2 Squareness ToleranceThe inside of the precast con-crete component shall be square as determined by diagonalmeasurements. The difference between such measurementsshall not exceed the following:C858072Measured Length Allowable Difference0to10ft(0
34、to3.05m)12 in. (13 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.05 to 6.10 m)34 in. (19 mm)20 ft (6.10 m) and over as agreed upon between thesupplier and purchaser8.3 Joint SurfacesThe inside joint seam gap between twosections placed together without a joint sealant shall not exceed38 in. (9.5 mm).8.4 Insert LocationInsert lo
35、cations for attachments ineach component shall not deviate individually or cumulativelymore than 618 in. (3.18 mm) from dimensions on specificationdrawings.8.5 Reinforcement LocationWith reference to thicknessdimension of wall or slab, reinforcement shall be within 614in. (6.3 mm) of the design loca
36、tion but in no case shall thecover be less than34 in. (19 mm). The reinforcement spacingshall not vary more than one tenth of the designed bar spacingnor exceed 112 in. (38 mm) in variation, except for welded wiremesh which shall conform to Specifications A 185/A 185M orA 497/A 497M.8.6 Slab and Wal
37、l ThicknessThe slab and wall thicknessshall not be less than that shown in the design by more than5% or316 in. (4.8 mm), whichever is greater. A thicknessgreater than that required in the design shall not be a cause forrejection.9. Repairs9.1 Precast concrete structures may be repaired. Repairsshall
38、 be performed at the direction of the manufacturer in amanner to ensure that the repaired structure conforms to therequirements of this specification.10. Inspection10.1 The quality of materials, process of manufacture, andthe finished structure shall be subject to inspection at anytimeby the purchas
39、er or his representative.11. Rejection11.1 Precast concrete structures or sections of structuresshall be subject to rejection upon failure to conform to any ofthe specified requirements contained herein, or if any of thefollowing imperfections occur:11.1.1 Defects that indicate any imperfect concret
40、e mixingand molding, or11.1.2 Surface defects indicated by honeycombed or open-texture and damaged areas where such defects would affect thestructural adequacy.12. Certification12.1 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of a structure, furnish a stateme
41、ntgiving the source and type of cement, the source and specificgravities of the aggregates, the concrete mix proportions,strength, type, amount, and name of admixtures and millcertificates for the reinforcement steel used in manufacture.13. Product Marking13.1 The weight shall be marked on the outsi
42、de of eachcomponent section.13.2 The purchaser may in his order request additionalinformation to be marked on the component section.13.3 The method of marking shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier prior to ordering.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
43、any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r
44、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Yo
45、ur comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is cop
46、yrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C858073
