1、Designation: C 913 08Standard Specification forPrecast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the recommended design re-
3、quirements and manufacturing practices for monolithic orsectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures withthe exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures,septic tanks, grease interceptor tanks, and items included underthe scope of Specification C 478.NOTE 1Water and was
4、tewater structures are defined as solar heatingreservoirs, cisterns, holding tanks, leaching tanks, extended aeration tanks,wet wells, pumping stations, distribution boxes, oil-water separators,treatment plants, manure pits, catch basins, drop inlets, and similarstructures.NOTE 2Insulation and seala
5、nt requirements should receive specialconsideration due to special features of the application.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 82/A 82M Specification for
6、Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-crete ReinforcementA 184/A 184M Specification for Welded Deformed SteelBar Mats for Concrete ReinforcementA 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA 416/A 416M Specification for Steel Strand, UncoatedSeven-Wire for Prestressed Con
7、creteA 421/A 421M Specification for Uncoated Stress-RelievedSteel Wire for Prestressed ConcreteA 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed
8、and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 616/A 616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3A 617/A 617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3A 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Pl
9、ain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConc
10、rete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole SectionsC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 595 Sp
11、ecification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 685/C 685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volu-metric Batching and Continuous MixingC 890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading forMonolithic or Section
12、al Precast Concrete Water andWastewater StructuresC 990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible JointSealants2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete41This specification is unde
13、r the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Waterand Wastewater Containers.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 913 0
14、7a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Concrete Institute (AC
15、I), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 Federal Specification:SS-S-210A Sealing Compound, Preformed Plastic, for Ex-pansion Joints and Pipe Joints53
16、. Ordering Information3.1 Unless otherwise designated by the purchaser beforeplacing an order, a structure designed in accordance withSection 5 of this specification and found to satisfactorily meetthe requirements imposed when tested and inspected as de-scribed herein shall be acceptable. The test
17、of materials asrequired shall be done in accordance with applicable ASTMInternational standards. Inspection, when required, shall in-clude checks on fabrication and placing of reinforcement andconcrete in accordance with approved design drawings.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials:4.1.1 CementCem
18、ent shall conform to the requirementsfor Portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be Portlandblast-furnace slag cement or Portland-pozzolan cement con-forming to the requirements of Specification C 595, except thatthe pozzolan constituent in the Type IP Portland-pozzolancement shall be fly as
19、h.4.1.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.4.1.3 Ground Granulated BlastFurnace slag (GGBFS0-GGBFS) shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or120 of Specification C 989.4.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialThe combination
20、 of cementitious materials used in concreteshall be one of the following:4.1.4.1 Portland cement only;4.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;4.1.4.3 Slag-modified Portland cement only;4.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;4.1.4.5 A combination of Portland cement and fly ash;4.1.4.6 A combin
21、ation of Portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag; and4.1.4.7 A combination of Portland cement, ground granu-lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of thetotal cemenetitious weight.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall c
22、onform to SpecificationC33and lightweight aggregates shall conform to SpecificationC 330, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.4.3 WaterWater used in mixing concrete shall be cleanand free of injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts,organic materials, or other substances
23、incompatible with con-crete or steel.4.4 AdmixturesAdmixtures shall conform to SpecificationC 494/C 494M or C 618 and shall not be injurious to otherproducts used in the concrete.4.4.1 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admix-tures conforming to Specification C 260 shall be used whenthere is a
24、risk that the concrete may be exposed to freeze-thawcycles. The concrete mixture shall contain 5.5 6 1.5 % air byvolume as determined by Test Method C 231.4.5 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall con-form to Specification A 82/A 82M or A 496/A 496M for wire;Specification A 185/A 185M or A 49
25、7/A 497M for wire fabric;Specifications A 416/A 416M and A 421/A 421M for pre-stressed wire and strand; or Specification A 184/A 184M,A 615/A 615M, A 616/A 616M, A 617/A 617M,orA 706/A 706M for bars.5. Design Requirements5.1 Design MethodThe method of structural design ofreinforced concrete as outli
26、ned in the ACI 318 Building Codeshall be used to design the concrete sections, including thereinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to theloading conditions covered in Practice C 890. Design require-ments in excess of these specifications shall be identified by thepurchaser.5.1.1 Alt
27、ernative Method to DesignAn alternative methodto the design of a structure is acceptable, with the permissionof the purchaser, by performing required performance tests onthe completed structure to confirm adequate strength.5.2 Access OpeningsThe structural design shall take intoconsideration the num
28、ber, placement, and size of accessopenings.5.3 FloorsThe minimum floor thickness resulting fromslope shall be considered as nominal floor thickness in thestructure.5.4 Knockouts and SumpsKnockouts and sumps shall bedesigned to carry the loads imposed upon them. The basicstructure shall be designed t
29、o carry all imposed loads withknockouts removed.5.5 Placement of ReinforcementThe minimum concretecover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall not be less than1 in. (25 mm) for water retaining structures and34 in. (19 mm)for other structures subject to the provisions of Section 7.5.6 Concrete S
30、trengthThe minimum compressivestrength (f8c) for design shall be 4000 psi (28 MPa) at 28 daysof age.5.7 JointsWhere required, sealed joints in sectional pre-cast concrete structures shall be of such a design to preventunacceptable leakage when used with a sealant (Note 3)approved by the purchaser an
31、d acceptable to the manufacturer.The criteria for unacceptable leakage will be determined by thepurchasers specifications. Where potable water is involved,caution advises selecting a sealant that will not contaminate thewater for its intended purposes.NOTE 3Refer to Specification C 990 or Federal Sp
32、ecification SS-S-210A for guidance.5.8 Lifting DevicesDesign of embedded lifting devicesshall conform to requirements as specified in 8.4 under SpecialLoading Considerations of Practice C 890.6. Manufacture6.1 MixtureThe aggregates, cement, and water shall beproportioned and mixed to produce a homog
33、eneous concretemeeting the requirements of this specification, and in accor-dance with Specification C 94/C 94M or C 685/C 685M.5Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.C9130826.2 FormsThe forms used in manuf
34、acture shall be suffi-ciently rigid and accurate to maintain the dimensions of thestructure within the tolerances given in Section 7. All castingsurfaces shall be of smooth nonporous material. Form releasingagents used shall not be injurious to the concrete.6.3 ReinforcementReinforcement must be sec
35、urely tied orwelded (as allowed by the design) in place to maintain positionduring concrete placing operations. Where specified all chairs,bolsters, braces, and spacers in contact with forms shall have acorrosion-resistant surface.6.3.1 Flexural reinforcing steel shall not exceed spacing of12 in. (3
36、0.5 cm) center to center.6.4 Concrete PlacementConcrete shall be placed in theforms at a rate such that the concrete is plastic at all times andconsolidates in all parts of the form and around all reinforce-ment steel and embedded fixtures without segregation ofmaterials.6.5 CuringThe precast concre
37、te sections shall be cured byany method or combination of methods that will develop thespecified compressive strength at 28 days or less.6.6 Concrete QualityThe quality of the concrete shall bein accordance with the chapter on concrete quality of ACI 318,current edition, except for frequency of test
38、s, which shall bespecified by the purchaser. Concrete tests shall be conducted inaccordance with Test Method C 39/C 39M.6.6.1 Water-Cementitious RatioConcrete that will be ex-posed to freezing and thawing shall contain entrained air andshall have water-cementitious ratios of 0.45 or less. Concreteth
39、at will not be exposed to freezing but that is required to bewatertight shall have a water-cementitious ratio of 0.48 or lessif the concrete is exposed to fresh water. For corrosionprotection, reinforced concrete exposed to deicer salts, brack-ish water, or seawater shall have water-cementitious rat
40、io of0.40 or less.7. Tolerances7.1 Dimensional TolerancesThe length, width, height, ordiameter measurements of the structure when measured on theinside surface shall not deviate from the design dimensionsmore than the following:Dimension Tolerance0to5ft(0to1.5m) 614 in. (66 mm)5to10ft(1.5to3.0m) 638
41、 in. (610 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.0 to 6.1 m) 612 in. (613 mm)20 ft (6.1 m) and over as agreed upon betweenmanufacturer and purchaser7.2 Squareness ToleranceThe inside of the rectangularprecast concrete component shall be square as determined bydiagonal measurements. The difference between such measure-me
42、nts shall not exceed:Measured Length Allowable Difference0to10ft(0to3.0m)12 in. (13 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.0 to 6.1 m)34 in. (19 mm)20 ft (6.1 m) and over as agreed upon betweenmanufacturer and purchaser7.3 Joint SurfacesThe following joint tolerances for waterretaining structures shall apply:7.3.1 Flexi
43、ble JointThe inside joint seam gap betweentwo sections placed together before a joint sealant is appliedshall not exceed38 in. (10 mm).7.3.2 Grout JointThe opening to be grouted in a groupjoint shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm).7.4 Reinforcement LocationWith reference to thickness ofwall or slab, reinf
44、orcement shall be within 614 in. (6 mm) ofthe design location, but in no case shall the cover be less than1 in. (25 mm) for water-retaining structures and34 in. (19 mm)for nonwater-retaining structures. The varations in reinforce-ment spacing shall not be more than one tenth of the designedbar spaci
45、ng nor exceed 112 in. (38 mm). The total number ofbars shall not be less than that computed using the designspacing.7.5 Slab and Wall ThicknessThe slab and wall thicknessshall be uniform and shall not be less than that shown in thedesign by more than 5 % or38 in. (10 mm), whichever isgreater. A thic
46、kness greater than that required in the designshall not be a cause for rejection.8. Repairs8.1 Repairs shall be performed by the manufacturer in amanner to ensure that the repaired structure will conform to therequirements of this specification.9. Rejection9.1 Precast concrete structures or sections
47、 of structures shallbe subject to rejection because of failure to conform to any ofthe requirements contained herein.10. Marking10.1 The following information shall be clearly marked oneach structure or section of structure, by indentation, water-proof paint, or other approved means:10.1.1 Date of m
48、anufacture,10.1.2 Name or trademark of the manufacturer, and10.1.3 Initials or symbols to indicate the intended use of thestructure.11. Keywords11.1 concrete; precast; structures; wastewater; waterC913083APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DESIGNS FOR RECTANGULAR BOXESX1.1 Description of Designs
49、X1.1.1 The designs in Table X1.1 are provided as a conve-nience for specifying, purchasing, and manufacturing. Riserand base sections are shown in Fig. X1.1.X1.1.2 The successful performance of the product dependsupon the proper selection (based on field conditions), goodmanufacturing practices, and proper installation.X1.1.3 Refer to Appendix X2 for instructions on the use ofthe designs.X1.2 Structural AnalysisX1.2.1 The analysis is based on the slope-deflection solu-tion of a frame with nonprismatic members.X1.2.2 Loads are based on P
