1、Designation: C 979 05Standard Specification forPigments for Integrally Colored Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the basic requirement forcolored and white pigments in powder form to be used asadmixtures in concrete for the purp
3、ose of producing integrallycolored concrete. Where the pigments are a constituent of amulticomponent admixture, this specification applies to thepigment constituent of the admixture. This specification is notintended to establish compatibility of pigments with any otherconcrete admixtures unless the
4、y are tested in combination inaccordance with 3.7.1.2 This specification does not include the determination ofpigment stability when elevated temperature using low-pressure (atmospheric) or high-pressure (autoclave) steam isused to accelerate the curing process.1.3 In addition to tests defining the
5、pigments themselves, alimited number of tests on concrete are included to define theeffects on setting times, air content, and compressive strength.If more extensive information is required for a particular job,additional testing criteria and procedures should be agreedupon between the seller and us
6、er.1.4 The maximum prescribed dosage rate of a pigment,established in accordance with 3.7, shall be equal to or lessthan 10 mass % of cement. When a combination of pigments isused to produce the desired color and color intensity, the totaldosage rate of all pigments combined shall not exceed any oft
7、he individual maximum dosage rates of the component pig-ments.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion purposes only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39 Test Metho
8、d for Compressive Strength of CylindricalConcrete SpecimensC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-ment ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTes
9、t Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceD50 Test Methods for Chemical Analysi
10、s of Yellow, Or-ange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron andManganeseD 1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of CertainPigmentsD 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-temG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof
11、Nonmetallic Materials32.2 ACI Standards:211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal and Heavyweight Concrete43. General Requirements3.1 Water WettabilityThe pigment shall be water wettablewhen tested in accordance with 7.1.3.2 Alkali ResistanceThe pigment treated with sodiumhydrox
12、ide shall not show any significant (Note 1) change ofcolor when tested in accordance with 7.2.3.3 Total SulfatesCalculated as SO3, the sulfates shall notexceed 5.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when testedin accordance with 7.3.3.4 Water SolubilityThe total matter soluble in water shallnot e
13、xceed 2.0 mass % of the original pigment sample whentested in accordance with 7.4.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005
14、. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 97904.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,Farmington Hills, MI 48331.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityTh
16、e magnitude of colordifferences between pigmented concrete specimens cured indry air and those cured at high relative humidity when tested inaccordance with 7.5 shall not be greater than the magnitude ofthe color difference between two unpigmented specimenscured under the same conditions.3.6 Light R
17、esistanceThe exposed portions of the speci-mens shall show no significant differences (Note 1) in colorfrom the unexposed portions when tested in accordance with7.6. While a pigment that fails this test shall not be consideredlight resistant, a pigment that passes this test may still besubject to fa
18、ding when exposed to natural weathering condi-tions.NOTE 1A significant difference is defined as one that is readilyperceptible by visual observation without close examination. Lighting andviewing conditions as described in Practice D 1535, 6.1, may be used.3.7 Effects on Concrete:3.7.1 When compare
19、d with the control mixture, the concretethat is pigmented at the maximum prescribed dosage rate shallhave a 28-day compressive strength of not less than 90 % anda water-cement ratio of not greater than 110 % of that of thecontrol mixture when prepared and tested in accordance with7.7 (Note 2).3.7.2
20、The pigment, when added to a concrete mixture at themaximum prescribed dosage rate, shall neither accelerate theinitial or final set by more than 1 h nor retard the initial or finalset by more than 112 h, as compared to the uncolored concretecontrol mixture when tested in accordance with 7.7 (Note 2
21、).3.7.3 Using the same quantity of air-entraining admixture,the pigments, when added to a concrete mixture at themaximum prescribed dosage rate, shall not change the aircontent by more than 1.0 %, as compared to the uncoloredcontrol mixture when tested in accordance with 7.7.NOTE 2These values inclu
22、de allowance for normal variations in testresults. The object of the 90 % compressive-strength requirement is torequire a level of performance of the pigmented concrete comparable tothat of the reference concrete when tested in accordance with 7.7.3.8 Color Match of ShipmentThe color produced by the
23、shipment of pigment shall not be significantly different (Note1) from the color produced by the standard supplied by thepigment manufacturer when samples of both the shipment andthe standard are tested in accordance with 7.8. New concretespecimens containing the standard sample of the particularpigm
24、ent must be prepared whenever a new shipment isevaluated. This is necessary to eliminate color variationscaused by any of the other mortar ingredients, specimenpreparation, or curing.4. Rejection4.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that doesnot conform to the requirements of this speci
25、fication. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer or supplier in writing.4.2 Individual packages or containers varying more than5 % from the stated mass may be rejected. If the averageweight of 50 packages taken at random is less than that stated,the entire shipment may be rejected.5. Packaging5.
26、1 Packages or containers shall be clearly marked as tocolor designation and the net mass.5.2 The package or container for the pigment, only when sodesignated by the manufacturer, shall be added to the concretebatch, provided that it is composed of disintegrating paper orsoluble material which, when
27、tested as a unit (pigment andpackaging), conforms to all requirements of this specification.6. Materials for Tests6.1 CementFor the atmospheric curing stability and thelight resistance tests, using white cement is suggested. Thecement used in all other tests shall be either a Type I or TypeII cement
28、 conforming to Specification C 150 or the cementproposed for specific work.6.2 AggregatesThe aggregates used in all tests shallconform to Specification C33 or shall be the aggregatesproposed for specific work. For the atmospheric curing stabil-ity and the light resistance tests, clean silica sand sh
29、all be used.For both the reference and the pigmented mixtures, theaggregate grading shall be controlled by determining the massof separate fractions.6.3 AdmixturesIf any of the test mixtures contain anyadmixtures in addition to pigment other than an air-entrainingadmixture complying with Specificati
30、on C 260, the pigmentshall be considered to comply with this specification only whenused in conjunction with such other admixture(s).7. Test Methods7.1 Water WettabilityAdd 10.0 g of the pigment to 150mL of deionized water in a 250-mL beaker. If the pigment doesnot readily mix with the water when st
31、irred with a spatula, butinstead a substantial portion of the pigment floats on thesurface of the water, the pigment is repellent and not waterwettable.7.2 Alkali ResistanceAdd two 10.0 g-portions of thepigment to separate 250-mL beakers, each containing 150 mLof deionized water. Stir until thorough
32、ly mixed. Add 10 mL of10 mass % sodium hydroxide solution to one beaker, and stirthoroughly once more. Let the slurries stand 1 h, then remixand filter on separate Buchner funnels. Wash the filter cakewith three replacement washes of hot deionized water. Dry thecake on the filter paper in an oven at
33、 110 6 3 C (230 6 5 F)for 4 6 0.5 h. Remove from the oven, cool, and crush thepigment into a fine powder in a mortar. Make two smalladjacent piles of the pigment powders and press them flat witha spatula. Compare the color of the control and treated pigmentpowders.7.3 Percentage of SO3Perform the su
34、lfates soluble inhydrochloric acid test and determine the percentage in accor-dance with Test Methods D50.7.4 Water SolubilityPerform the matter soluble in watertest in accordance with Test Methods D 1208.7.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityThe composition andmethod of preparation of the test specimens
35、shall be inaccordance with Annex A1. Pigments shall be tested at both12% and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass). Two sets ofspecimens (designated as control specimens and test speci-mens) shall be prepared at the same time under identicalC979052conditions except for curing. Each set shall consist
36、 of twopigmented mortar specimens, one at each of the two levels ofpigmentation, and one unpigmented specimen. If, for a par-ticular pigment being tested, the specimens that contain thepigment at a dosage rate of12 % of the cement mass do notprovide a significant difference (Note 1) in color when co
37、m-pared to the corresponding unpigmented specimen, the pig-ment dosage rate shall be increased until but not beyond therate at which the difference in color becomes significant. Inaddition, tests using the higher dosage rate of 6 % of thecement mass shall continue to be performed as specified.Compar
38、e for color the specimens that were cured underdifferent conditions. For evaluating the color stability of thepigment tested, also compare the uncolored mortar specimensfor color variations. Differences in the curing conditions orefflorescence, or both, can affect the color shade of any finishedmort
39、ar or concrete, either colored or uncolored.7.6 Light ResistanceThe test shall be conducted in a TypeE or EH exposure apparatus as described in Practice G23.Type EH apparatus shall be operated without automatic hu-midity control. The exposure apparatus shall be operated inaccordance with Practice G2
40、3, except that no water spray ordark cycles shall be employed. The black panel temperatureshall be 546 3 C (130 6 5 F). The composition and methodof preparation of the test specimens shall be in accordance withAnnex I. Pigments shall be tested at both12 % (7.5) and 6 %levels (based on the cement mas
41、s). Half of each specimen shallbe masked from light exposure by an aluminum foil covering.The other half of each specimen shall be exposed to light for500 h after which time its color shall be compared to theunexposed half (3.6).7.7 Effects on Concrete:7.7.1 Preparation of MixturesPrepare concrete m
42、ixturesboth with and without the pigment under test. Refer herein tothe concrete mixture without the pigment as the reference orcontrol mixture. The control mixture and the pigmentedmixture shall be of the same composition and batched in thesame proportions except that the pigmented mixture shallinc
43、lude the pigment addition at the maximum prescribeddosage rate (1.4), and the water content of each mixture shallbe adjusted to produce a slump of 100 6 13 mm (4 612 in.),as determined by Test Method C 143/C 143M. Add the pig-ment to the first increment of coarse aggregate and water. Themixture shal
44、l be proportioned using ACI Practice 211.1. Thecement content shall be either the cement content for specificwork or 307 6 3 kg/m3(517 6 5 lb/yd3). If an air-entrainingadmixture complying with Specification C 260 is used, itsdosage rate shall be the same for both the pigmented and thecontrol mixture
45、s.7.7.2 Making and CuringSpecimens made from concretewith and without the pigment under test shall be molded andcured in accordance with Method C 192/C 192M. Three ormore compression specimens shall be prepared for eachmixture.7.7.3 Time of SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M shall beused. The temperatu
46、re of each of the ingredients of the concretemixtures, just prior to mixing, and the temperature at which thetime of setting specimens are stored during the test period shallbe 23.06 2C(736 3 F).7.7.4 Air ContentTest Methods C 173 or C 231 shall beused.7.7.5 Compressive StrengthTest Method C39 shall
47、 beused. Specimens shall be tested at 28 days and optionally alsoat 7 days. The 28-day compressive strength of the concretecontaining the pigment under test shall be calculated as apercentage of the 28-day compressive strength of the referenceconcrete as follows: The average 28-day compressive stren
48、gthof the specimens made from the concrete containing thepigment under test shall be divided by the average 28-daycompressive strength of the specimens made from the refer-ence concrete at the same age, and the quotient shall bemultiplied by 100.7.8 Color Match of ShipmentSamples of both the ship-me
49、nt of pigment and the standard supplied by the pigmentmanufacturer shall be prepared in concrete at both the12 %(7.5) and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass) or at anotherdosage rate(s) agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.The composition and methods of preparation and color com-parison of the specimens should be agreed upon between thepurchaser and seller. A suggested method of specimen prepa-ration is given in Annex I. Compare the colors of the concretespecimens. Do not compare the colors of the pigment powdersas a test for color control.
