1、Designation: C980 13Standard Specification forIndustrial Chimney Lining Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers solid kiln fired brick madefrom clay, shale, or mixtures thereof suitable for use inmasonry construction in contact with the c
3、hemicals present influe gases found in industrial chimneys. These brick arenormally used with chemical-resistant mortars.1.2 The physical and chemical properties of chimney liningbrick differ from supplier to supplier mainly because theircomposition is determined by the source of raw materials.Chimn
4、ey lining brick, regardless of these differences, areconsidered to be of three types noted as follows:1.2.1 Type IFor use where low absorption and high acidresistance are not major factors.1.2.2 Type IIFor use where lower absorption and higheracid resistance are required.1.2.3 Type IIIFor use where
5、lowest absorption and highestacid resistance are required.NOTE 1Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in theirresistance to thermal shock, and selection of brick type should be basedupon their absorption and acid-resistant service requirements.1.3 Terminology related to industrial floor
6、brick is found inTerminology C1232.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address
7、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C20 Test Methods
8、for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of BurnedRefractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling WaterC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesC1232 Terminology of Masonry
9、3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to industrial chim-ney lining brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Sulfuric Acid Boil Test4.1 When tested in accordance with Section 7, the brickshall conform to the requirements for “Maximum AverageWeight Loss by H2SO4Boil Test” as shown in Tabl
10、e 1.5. Physical Properties5.1 Compressive StrengthWhen tested in accordance withTest Methods C67, Section 6 (Compressive Strength), the brickshall conform to the requirements for “Minimum CompressiveStrength” as shown in Table 1.5.2 Water AbsorptionWhen tested in accordance with TestMethods C20, Sec
11、tion 10 (Water Absorption), the brick shallconform to the requirements for “Maximum Water Absorptionby 2-h Boiling” as shown in Table 1.5.3 SizesThe sizes of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. When tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,Section 11 (Measurement of Size), the brick shall
12、 conform tothe requirements for “Permissible Variations in Dimensions” asshown in Table 2.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved
13、 June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C980 10. DOI:10.1520/C0980-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4 WarpageWhen tested in accordance with Test
15、 Meth-ods C67, Section 12 (Measurement of Warpage), the toleranceon warpage of the brick shall be as indicated in Table 2.5.5 TextureScoring or matte texturing, or both, of thebrick is recommended. However, no flutes or scores shallexceed18 in. (3.0 mm) in height of protrusion or in depth.6. Black H
16、eart6.1 Brick when broken may have a dark area that has asteely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surround-ing normal color of the brick it is known as black heart or blackcore. Black heart is generally the result of the reduction of ironminerals during the firing process. Its presence,
17、regardless ofsize in brick that otherwise meet the physical and chemicalrequirements of this specification, shall not be cause forrejection.7. Test for Solubility in Sulfuric Acid7.1 Significance and UseThis test with sulphuric acidrepresents an extremely severe one and may not be significantfor che
18、mical-resistant brick in less demanding applications. Itcan be assumed that sulphuric acid in this test concentrationwill be more corrosive than most other acids excluding thosecontaining flourine. A similar test procedure using otherchemicals may be more suitable for specific purposes. Theperforman
19、ce of these other tests and appropriate qualifyingdata should be resolved between the purchaser and the seller.7.2 Apparatus:7.2.1 Crusher, jaw-type.7.2.2 Sieves,14-in. (6.3-mm) and No. 4 (4.75-mm), (equiva-lent to 3-mesh and 4-mesh sieves, respectively, in the Tylerseries), conforming to Specificat
20、ion E11.7.2.3 Mechanical Shaking Device, producing a lateral andvertical motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action soas to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface ofthe sieve.7.2.4 Drying Oven.7.2.5 Analytical Balance and Weights, 0.01-g sensitivity.7.2.6 Desiccator.7.2.7 Erl
21、enmeyer Flask, 750-mL, of heat-resistant andchemically resistant glass.7.2.8 Water-Cooled Condenser.7.2.9 Hot Plate.7.2.10 Fritted-Glass Funnel, fine porosity.7.2.11 Suction Pump.7.3 Preparation of SamplePrepare the sample from atleast five masonry units selected in accordance with TestMethods C67.
22、Remove the skin surface from a quarter of eachunit selected, and crush the remaining pieces in a jaw-typecrusher, with the jaws set so that the grain size of the productranges from material retained on a14-in. (6.3-mm) sieve tomaterial passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. Reduce this materialeither by m
23、ixing and quartering or by a mechanical splitter toapproximately a 1000-g sample, and screen in a mechanicalshaking device for 15 min, using the No. 3 and No. 4 sieves.Thoroughly mix the portion of the material passing the No. 3sieve and remaining on the No. 4 sieves (Note 2), and thenquarter down t
24、o obtain two 50-g samples. Dry these samples ina drying oven at 240F (120C) for at least 16 h, and then coolin a desiccator.NOTE 2Although it is recognized that some types of material tend tobreak down in a manner yielding various-shaped particles, no attemptshall be made at hand selection.7.4 Proce
25、dureTransfer each of the 50-g samples, weighedto the nearest 0.01 g, and 250 mL of sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.706)or 60 Baum (78 weight %) into separate 750-mL Erlenmeyerflasks. Insert water-cooled condensers and boil on hot plates for48h(Note 3). Cool the flasks and contents sufficiently topermit handl
26、ing, and decant the solutions through fritted-glassfunnels with the aid of suction, retaining the samples in theflasks. Add about 250 mL of water to the flasks, boil for 10min, and decant with the aid of suction through the samefunnels as used previously. Repeat this washing procedurethree times. On
27、 the fourth decantation of wash water, transferthe samples to the funnels, using hot water to aid in the transfer.Dry the funnels and contents in the oven at 240F (120C) forat least 16 h, and cool in a desiccator. Remove material fromthe funnels, brushing out the fines if necessary, and weigh tothe
28、nearest 0.01 g.NOTE 3Regulate the temperature of the hot plate so as to maintain agentle boiling solution, avoiding any considerable agitation of the sample.TABLE 1 Physical Properties and Chemical RequirementsADesignationMinimum Compressive Strength, Gross Area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorption by
29、 2-hBoiling, %Maximum AverageWeight Loss byH2SO4Boil Test, %Average of 10 Individual Average of 10 IndividualType I 8 500 (58.6) 8 000 (55.2) 6.0 7.0 20Type II 10 000 (69.0) 9 000 (62.2) 4.0 5.0 12Type III 12 000 (82.8) 10 000 (69.0) 1.0 1.5 8AOne complete set of tests for each of the above requirem
30、ents shall be performed from brick randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions and WarpageADimensionsDimensionsMaximumPermissibleVariations inDimensionsBetween Largestand Smallest Brickin a RandomSampling of 10Brick, %WarpageMaximum Face andDiagonal Dimen
31、sions,in. (mm)MaximumPermissibleDeviation,In. (mm)HeightLengthWidth355up to 912 (241) incl.18 (3.0).AOne complete set of tests for each of the above requirements shall be performedfrom brick randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.C980 132The use of a variable transformer in series with the hot
32、plate is suggested.7.5 Calculations and ReportCalculate the loss in weightas a percentage of the original weight. Make duplicatedeterminations, and report an average of the two results to thenearest 0.1 %.7.6 Precision and BiasA statement on precision and biaswill be added at a later date.8. Keyword
33、s8.1 absorption; acid resistance; acid solubility; ceramic;industrial chimney; masonry; physical properties; solid brickSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C980 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 20
34、13)(1) A new Section 3, Terminology, was added and subsequentsections renumbered.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the va
35、lidity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your co
36、mments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments hav
37、e not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple
38、 copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C980 133
