1、Designation: D1006 01 (Reapproved 2006)D1006/D1006M 13Standard Practice forConducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1006;D1006/D1006M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 T
3、his practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of house and trim paints on new, previously unpaintedwood materials to the environment.When originators of a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separate agency,the specific conditions for the exposure of test and
4、control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually agreed upon betweenall parties.1.2 This standard covers specimen preparation including the application of the test paint to the wood substrate.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the st
5、andard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport
6、 to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D358 Spe
7、cification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in Weathering Tests of CoatingsE41 Terminology Relating To ConditioningG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practic
8、e for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:TT-W-571b Federal Specification for Wood-Preservative, Recommended Treating Practice33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in Terminologies E41 and G113 are appl
9、icable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure described in this practice is intended to aid in evaluating the performance of house and trim paints to new,previously unpainted wood.4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposures can be very different depending on the loc
10、ation of the exposurebecause of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot beassumed that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location.Exposures in seve
11、ral locations with different climates which represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions arerecommended.4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absoluterate at which a material degrades. Several years of
12、repeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result for a given location.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition ap
13、proved Nov. 1, 2006June 1, 2013. Published November 2006August 2013. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20012006as D1006 01.D1006 01 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D1006-01R06.10.1520/D1006_D1006M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactAST
14、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made
15、 to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Su
16、mmary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2.2 Solar radiation varies considerably as function of time of year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate o
17、fdegradation in many polymers.paints. Comparing results for materials exposed for short periods (less than one year) is notrecommended unless materials are exposed at the same time in the same location.4.3 The Significance and Use section in Practice G7 addresses many variables to be considered in e
18、xterior exposure tests.5. Location of Test Sites and Exposure Orientation5.1 Test SitesThe climatic conditions of the test sites should be representative of those of the area in which the paints are tobe used. The type and rate of failure of a paint film will vary when exposed to different combinati
19、ons of climatic and atmosphericconditions. For reliable results, exposure sites should be selected that are representative geographically, climatically, and inatmospheric contaminations with those of the locality in which the paint will be used.To obtain conclusions that are valid for paintswith nat
20、ional distribution requires exposure at several sites, selected to cover a wide range in climatic conditions. Suggested sitesinclude southSouth Florida, the Great Lakes region, the hot desert southwest, the northeast, and extreme southern Louisiana.5.2 Exposure OrientationUnless otherwise specified,
21、 specimens for testing house paint should be exposed on vertical testfixtures facing botheither north or south, or both. In comparisons where dirt collection and mildew resistance are not pertinent,north vertical exposures may be omitted. Test fixtures shall be placed in a location so that there is
22、no shadow on any specimenwhen the suns angle of elevation is greater than 20. Specimens can be exposed at north or south orientations or other “ exposureangles” in order to focus on the degradation mode desired. Typical exposure angles are as follows:5.2.1 Vertical North (Northern Hemisphere)Exposur
23、e rack is positioned so that the exposed surfaces of specimens are vertical(90) facing north, away from the equator. This orientation allows for encourages the accelerated growth of biological organismssince the amount of direct sunlight reaching the specimens is reduced or completely eliminated dep
24、ending on latitude.5.2.2 Vertical South (Northern Hemisphere)Exposure rack is positioned so that the exposed surfaces of the specimens arevertical (90) facing south, toward the equator. This orientation allows direct sunlight to reach the specimens and results indegradation commonly associated with
25、ultraviolet exposure.NOTE 1Other Exposure OrientationsIf desired, exposures may also be conducted to provide faster results. See Practice G7 for more informationon other exposure options.5.2.3 Other Exposure OrientationsIf desired, exposures may also be conducted at other angles or facing directions
26、 to providefaster results. See Practice G7 for more information on other exposure options.NOTE 1A 45 degree exposure facing the equator may speed up the deterioration compared to a vertical exposure, but the change in angle may alsochange the type of failure mode.5.3 In the case where it is desirabl
27、e to expose coated panels in a sheltered area, such as under eaves, a suitable test fencerackwith a sheltered or eave arrangement can be used (see used.Annex A1).6. Construction of Test Fixtures (Exposed Racks)6.1 Test fixtures should be durable and rigid enough to withstand the effects of weather.A
28、ll materials used for test fixtures shallbe either treated wood or noncorrodible metal without surface treatment. Aluminum Alloys 6061T6 or 6063T6 have been foundsuitable for use in most locations. Properly primed and coated steel is suitable for use in desert areas.6.2 Test Fixture DesignTest racks
29、 of several different designs are currently used for the exposure testing of paints on wood.Test racks for the exposure of paints and trims that more closely simulate end-use applications, including under eave exposures,are presented fully in AnnexA1Appendix X1. Test racks that are commonly used for
30、 the exposure of wood siding boards, primarilyfor the evaluation of mildew growth, dirt accumulation, and color change are shown in Fig. 1. These racks can be configured tohold specimens or specimen holders of any convenient width and length.Adjustable racks can be used to accommodate specimensof di
31、fferent lengths. An offset design (notched cutouts) in the mounting hardware shall be used in order to avoid contaminationfrom specimens mounted above other specimens. Offsets shall be of the proper size to accommodate the width of the siding board.Typically, 152-mm (6-in.)6-in. or 230-mm (9-in.)9-i
32、n. sized offsets are used. Other sizes are available. An example of an offsetmounting hardware is shown in Fig. 2.6.3 To create a sheltered eave type exposure, place a 90 degree cap along the top of the exposure rack which projects 25 mm1 in. beyond the face of the mounted panels.7. Construction of
33、Test Specimens7.1 Choose a wood substrate in accordance with Specification D358. Prior to use, test lumber and panels shall be stored undersuch conditions that the moisture content of the wood will be maintained within the normal range for exterior woodwork in theregion in which the tests are conduc
34、ted. Exposures on wood substrates should be performed on three panels to allow for variationsin wood.7.2 For house paints, unless the pattern of siding requires some other choice, test panels should be made of one or the other oftwo patterns of siding, namely 127-mm (0.5-in.)0.5-in. or 190-mm (0.75-
35、in.)0.75-in. bevel siding or 5-mm (1-in.)25-mm 1-in.D1006/D1006M 132by 152-mm (6-in.)6-in. drop siding. A test panel may be subdivided into two or more test areas. A subdivided panel is onecomplete panel in which multiple paint specimens are applied to sections of the panel. If the panels in the hou
36、se paint test are notsubdivided, one 914-mm (3-ft)3-ft length of 152-mm siding will be acceptable. If the panels are subdivided, each test area shallbe a minimum of 152-mm in length.7.3 For trim paints, the test panel may have 25-mm (1-in.)1-in. by 102-mm (4-in.)4-in. pieces of lumber at each end (s
37、eeend.Annex A1).7.4 For exposures of paints on test fixtures described in 6.2 and Fig. 1, a test panel should be a 914-mm (36-in.)36-in. lengthof 152-mm (6-in.)6-in. siding substrate unless otherwise agreed upon. Each area shall be a minimum of 152 mm in length. Eachtest area can be painted with a d
38、ifferent paint thus providing a side-by-side comparison for performance.NOTE 2It is important to remember that up to 75 mm (3 in.)3 in. of each end of the test panel will be masked by the exposure rack.7.5 When it will not interfere with the property to be tested, all panels should be coated on the
39、back to protect against warping.8. Use of Control or Reference Materials8.1 When several paints are being compared, one paint should be selected as a “control.” The control paint should be appliedto one area of each test panel. Variations caused by wood differences are revealed in the performance of
40、 the control paint, and canbe used to adjust the ratings of other paints to a common basis. For best results there should be two controls, one known to performwell and one known to perform poorly.FIG. 1 Typical Exposure RackFIG. 2 Offset Mounting HardwareD1006/D1006M 1339. Application of Paints Spec
41、imen Preparation9.1 All materials being compared in a single study shall be prepared and exposed within a thirty-day period. For very largestudies where all specimens cannot be prepared and exposed within the thirty-day period, prepare duplicate coatings of at least30 % of the materials or prepare a
42、nd expose specimens of a control paint at the beginning and at the end of the period needed forcompletion.9.2 It is best in theory and practice to do the painting outdoors in proper weather for painting; however, indoor painting ispermissible provided no more than one week (72 h is the preferred max
43、imum time) elapses between the successive coats andbetween applying the last coat and exposing on the test fence. coats. Furthermore, all painting must be performed under essentiallythe same drying conditions. It is necessary to allow each coat to cure sufficiently before top coating. Ensure the top
44、 coating issufficiently cured before sending out the panels for outdoor exposure. See Practice G147 for more instructions.NOTE 3If coated panels are shipped to the exposure location before the coating is fully cured, the surfaces of the panels may stick to each other andmay not be able to be separat
45、ed without damaging the surface.9.3 The preferred procedure is to apply paints with the test panel in a vertical position and kept vertical until the paint has set.If paint is spread on horizontal panels, the panels should be placed vertically immediately thereafter.9.4 Records should be kept of the
46、 spreading rates at which paints are applied. When the purpose of the tests is to comparecommercial paints, it may be appropriate to let the painter apply them at their natural spreading rates. When the purpose is to studyvariation in the paint composition, application should usually be at suitable
47、predetermined spreading rates that can be controlledby applying a given weight or volume of coating to a measured area.10. Procedure10.1 After the panels have been prepared, identify each specimen with a unique mark that will not be destroyed or becomeillegible during the exposure. Practice G147 pro
48、vides guidance for this procedure.10.2 Measure the desired properties on all test and reference control specimens prior to exposure.10.3 Mount the specimens on the correctly oriented exposure rack that accommodates the dimensions of the specimens beingexposed.10.4 Perform the exposure test in accord
49、ance with the guidelines in Practices G7 and G147.10.5 Select one of the methods for defining the duration of the exposure in accordance with Practice G7.11. Inspection and Records11.1 After the panels have been exposed to the weather, inspections should be made after not more than one month, at threemonths, and at intervals of three months during the first two years, and every six months thereafter. Midwinter inspections,however, may be omitted in northern latitudes. or delayed in higher latitudes if the specimens are covered in snow
