1、Designation: D 1014 02Standard Practice forConducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatingson Metal Substrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers proced
3、ures to be followed for directexposure of exterior paints and coatings to the environmentwhen applied to metal surfaces. When originators of a weath-ering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separateagency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test andcontrol specimens should be clea
4、rly defined and mutuallyagreed upon between all parties.1.2 Experience indicates that the metal used as a testsubstrate has a significant effect upon weathering results. Thepurpose of this practice is to define specific steel and othermetal surfaces to be used for testing in order to minimize thisso
5、urce of variability.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、 and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 36 Specification for Carbon Structural Steel2A 283/A 283M Specification for Low and IntermediateTensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates2B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Allo
7、ySheet and Plate3B 449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum4D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss5D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating Products5D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Stee
8、l Surfaces6D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior Paints5D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior Paints5D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior Paints5D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaints5D 772 Test Method
9、 for Evaluating Degree of Flaking Scal-ing of Exterior Paints5D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels5D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D 1212
10、 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings5D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied toa Nonferrous Metal Base5D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminated Opa
11、que Materials5D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting4D 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for PaintingSteel Surfaces6D 2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-Alloy Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and RelatedCoating Products
12、5D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates5D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray Scale5D 2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of1This practice is under the jurisdiction of
13、 ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 1014 95
14、.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959, United States.Organic Coatings on Metal5D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by TapeTest5D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint Films5E 41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning7E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tr
16、istimulus (Filter) Colorimetry5G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental ExposureTesting of Nonmetallic Materials7G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials7G 141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingon Nonmetallic Materials7G 147 Pr
17、actice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for natural and Artificial Weathering Tests72.2 Other Standard:SSPC Method 1 Test Panel Preparation Method No 1,Uncontaminated Rusted Steel SSPC83. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologiesE 41 and G 113 are applic
18、able to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended toaid in evaluating the performance of coatings on various metalpanels including either new or previously rusted steel.4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposurescan be very differe
19、nt depending on the location of the exposurebecause of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness,temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannotbe assumed that results from one exposure in a single locationwill be useful for determining relative durability in a differentlocati
20、on. Exposures in several locations with different climateswhich represent a broad range of anticipated service conditionsare recommended.4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a material degrad
21、es. Several years ofrepeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result fora given location.4.2.2 Solar radiation varies considerably as function of timeof year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate ofdegradation in many polymers. Comparing results for materialsexposed for s
22、hort periods (less than one year) is not recom-mended unless materials are exposed at the same time in thesame location.4.3 The Significance and Use in Practice G 7 addressesmany variables to be considered in exterior exposure tests.Guide G 141 provides more information on variability inweathering t
23、esting.5. Materials Used for Test Specimens5.1 A minimum of two and preferably four test specimensshall be used to evaluate the performance of any paint system.5.2 The surface preparation shall be the same for all testpanels in the test program unless surface preparation is one ofthe variables to be
24、 evaluated. Surface preparation shall beessentially identical for all test panels, as the thoroughness ofpreparation may directly determine the performance life of theapplied coating system.5.3 Steel PanelsUnless otherwise specified, fabricatesteel test panels from the same material over which the c
25、oatingis expected to perform in-service, when the exact compositionof the substrate is known. Any of the following surfaces maybe used.5.3.1 Abrasive Blasted Steel PlateThe steel plate shallconform to Specification A 36 or Specification A 283/A 283M.The minimum thickness shall be116 in. (1.6 mm). Th
26、eminimum size shall be 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150 mm). Burrs andsharp projections shall be removed from the edges by filing.The test panels shall be freed of oil by suitable grease-removing solvents in accordance with Procedures B, C, or D ofPractice D 609. Unless otherwise specified and agreed upon,the
27、surface shall be blasted to meet the requirements ofStandard D 2200, Sa 212.5.3.2 Rusted SurfacesHot rolled steel angle or plate, orboth, are useful for determining the performance of paintsapplied to structures that cannot be thoroughly cleaned of rustand corrosion products. The steel angle and pla
28、te shall conformto Specification A 283/A 283M. The steel angles shall be atleast 4 by 4 by18 in. (100 by 100 by 3.2 mm) in cross sectionand 12 in. (300 mm) in length. The minimum size of the steelplate shall be 4 by 6 in. (100 by 150 mm) with a minimumthickness of116 in. (1.6 mm). Burrs and sharp pr
29、ojections shallbe removed from the edges by filing. The test pieces shall befreed from oil by the use of suitable grease-removing solventsin accordance with Procedures B, C, or D of Practice D 609.Those persons desiring to test coatings over rusty or slightlyrusted surfaces (Note 1) should refer to
30、Standard D 2200, selectthe degree of rusting desired from the rust grades given, andutilize the degree of surface preparation that can be accom-plished in the field or on the job.5.3.2.1 When evaluating performance over rusty surfaces, itis recommended that test specimens be pre-corroded (weath-ered
31、) in the same environment in which they will be ultimatelybe exposed. SSPC Method 1 describes this pre-aging proce-dure. Artificial rusting is permitted but conditions used must bestated in the test report.NOTE 1The environment in which the steel is rusted prior to paintinghas considerable influence
32、 on the performance of paint applied to suchsteel.5.3.3 Cold-Rolled Steel StripCold-rolled steel strip has aslightly roughened surface free from mill scale and rust, and isuseful for checking the relative performance of paints on aclean, uniform surface. The steel strip shall conform to one ofthe ty
33、pes described in Practice D 609. The panels shall be notless than 4 by 6 in. (100 by 150 mm) in size and it isrecommended that all edges shall be smooth and uniformly7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.8Available from the Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh,PA 15222.D10
34、14022rounded. The metal panels shall be prepared by the agreedupon procedure (A, B, C, or D) in Practice D 609.5.3.4 Galvanized SteelWhen galvanized steel panels areused, prepare test specimens according to Practice D 2201.5.4 After surface preparation, steel panels shall be primecoated as soon as p
35、ossible to prevent flash rusting or deposit ofany foreign contaminant on the cleaned surface. After surfacepreparation, if the panels are stored prior to coating, precau-tions must be taken to preserve the clean surface.5.5 Aluminum PanelsUse aluminum panels that have thesame alloy, heat treatment,
36、and surface treatment representativeof the aluminum substrate to which the coating may be appliedin field use. Aluminum alloys and heat treatments are describedin Specification B 209. Typical aluminum alloys used fortesting coatings are 6061, 5052, and 3024. The minimumthickness shall be 0.020 in. (
37、0.5 mm). The minimum size shallbe 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150 mm).5.5.1 Aluminum panels are typically prepared with a con-version coating to promote coating adhesion and to preventcorrosion of the aluminum. Chromate conversion coatings aredescribed in Specification B 449. Non-chrome conversioncoatings may
38、 also be used if agreed upon by all interestedparties. Follow Practices D 1730 when preparing aluminumand aluminum alloy test specimens.6. Painting Test Specimens6.1 Apply all coatings in strict accordance with the coatingmanufacturers written recommendations. If known, themethod of application expe
39、cted for the production work on thejob should also be used for test panel application.6.2 If the method of application is unknown, select one ofthe following (Note 2):Automatic Spray MachineAutomatic Dip CoaterManual Spray ApplicationMotor Driven Blade ApplicatorBrush ApplicationRoller CoatingCurtai
40、n CoatingNOTE 2Details for the application of paint are given in PracticesD 823.6.2.1 Powder coating application using techniques such asfluid bed dip or electrostatic fluid bed may also be used whereappropriate.6.3 Measure and record the film thickness of each coat inaccordance with Test Methods D
41、1186 or D 1400. If the panelis covered by rust and mill scale, these methods will be lessaccurate, as they are influenced by the surface characteristics ofthis base metal. In such cases, approximation can be made bywet film thickness measurements in accordance with TestMethods D 1212, or the amount
42、of paint applied to a knownarea can be weighed and the average dry film thicknesscomputed.6.4 Allow the proper drying time between coats for multiplepaint systems and before exposure as required by the coatingsmanufacturer and include in the test record.6.5 Paint the back and edges of all test speci
43、mens with thesame systems as that tested on the front of each panel. Thispainting provides considerable information on the behavior ofpaint systems on the reverse side. Back and edge painting mayalso provide “insulating” properties that allow metal panels tobe mounted on metal racks.6.5.1 The edges
44、of steel panels may be coated or wrapped toprevent rusting.6.6 The test specimens may be scribed to base metal prior toexposure. Unless otherwise specified, scribe panels accordingto Test Method D 1654.6.7 Unless otherwise specified, follow the procedures de-scribed in Practice G 147 for labeling, s
45、hipping, and condition-ing / handling of test specimens.7. Location of Test Sites and Exposure Requirements7.1 Test SitesThe climatic conditions of the test sitesshould be representative of those of the area in which the paintsare to be used. The type and rate of failure of a paint film willvary whe
46、n exposed to different combinations of climatic andatmospheric conditions. For reliable results, exposure sitesshould be selected that are representative geographically,climatically, and in atmospheric contaminations with those ofthe locality in which the paint will be used. To obtainconclusions tha
47、t are valid for paints with national distributionrequires exposure at several sites, selected to cover a widerange in climatic conditions. Suggested sites include southFlorida, Great Lakes region, hot desert southwest, the north-east, and extreme southern Louisiana.7.2 Conduct all exposures accordin
48、g to Practice G 7.7.3 Exposure OrientationUnless otherwise specified, ex-pose specimens at an angle of 45 facing the Equator.7.3.1 Other exposure orientations may also be conducted toprovide faster results. See Practice G 7 for more information onexposure options.7.4 If required to prevent galvanic
49、corrosion of steel panels,mount test specimens so that they are electrically insulatedfrom each other and from the test rack. The use of insulators orpainting all sides of the specimens to protect against galvaniccorrosion are suitable methods for achieving this.NOTE 3A suitable material for the construction of racks and supportsis painted wood. Metals such as conversion coated or anodized aluminum,is also suitable.7.5 Mount test specimens such that rain water, condensa-tion, or degradation products do not contaminate the testsurface of other panels.8. Use of Control
