1、Designation: D 1051 08Standard Specification forRubber Insulating Sleeves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1051; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing ofrubber insulating sleeves for protection of workers fromelectrical shock.1.2 Two types of sleeves are
3、 provided and are designated asType I, nonresistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.1.3 Five classes of sleeves, differing in electrical character-istics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1,Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.1.4 Two styles of sleeves, differing in configuration
4、, areprovided and are designated as Style A, straight taper, andStyle B, curved elbow.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. See ASTM SI 10.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Sections 16-19, of this specification: Thisstand
5、ard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. Specific safety hazards statem
6、ents are givenin 18.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Ru
7、bber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardne
8、ssD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equip-ment for Electrical Insulating Materials TestingF 819 Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equip-ment for WorkersSI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units(SI): T
9、he Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 color splasha splash, smear, or streak of contrastingcolor evident on the inside or outside of the sleeves that wasdeposited during the dripping operation and is vulcanized intothe sleeve as part of the homogeneous compound.3.1.2 halogenatio
10、n treatmentexposure of the entire sleevesurface area to a halogen for the purpose of reducing surfacefriction.3.1.3 userthe employer or entity purchasing the equip-ment to be utilized by workers for their protection; in theabsence of such an employer or entity, the individual purchas-ing and utilizi
11、ng the protective equipment.3.1.4 For definitions of other terms, refer to TerminologyF 819.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical,chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufac-turer and the detailed procedures by which such properties areto be dete
12、rmined. The purchaser at his option may perform orhave performed any of these tests in order to verify theguarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification aresubject to verification by the manufacturer.4.2 Sleeves are used for personal protection; therefore,when authorizing their use, a margi
13、n of safety shall be allowedbetween the maximum voltage on which they are used and theproof-test voltage at which they are tested. The relationship1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubc
14、ommittee F18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment. This standard replaces ANSIStandard J6.5, which is no longer available.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 1051 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
15、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、 United States.between proof-test voltage and the maximum voltage at whichthe sleeves shall be used is shown in Table 1.4.3 Work practices vary from user to user, dependent uponmany factors. These may include but are not limited to,operating system voltages, construction design, work proce-dure tech
17、niques, weather conditions, and so forth. Therefore,except for the restrictions set forth in this specification becauseof design limitations, the use and maintenance of this equip-ment is beyond the scope of this specification.4.4 It is common practice and the responsibility of the userof this type
18、of protective equipment to prepare completeinstructions and regulations to govern the correct and safe useof such equipment.5. Classification5.1 Sleeves covered under this specification shall be desig-nated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3,and Class 4; and Style A or Style B.
19、5.1.1 Type I, nonresistant to ozone, made from a high-gradecis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or syntheticorigin, properly vulcanized.5.1.2 Type II, resistant to ozone, made of any elastomer orcombination of elastomeric compounds.5.1.3 The class designation shall be based on the electri
20、calproperties as shown in Table 1.5.1.4 Style A, straight taper design.5.1.5 Style B, curved elbow design.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for sleeves under this specification should in-clude the following information:6.1.1 Type,6.1.2 Class,6.1.3 Style,6.1.4 Size,6.1.5 Color, and6.1.6 With or witho
21、ut halogenation treatment.6.2 The listing of types, classes, styles, sizes, and colors isnot intended to mean that all shall necessarily be available frommanufacturers; it signifies only that, if made, they shallconform to the details of this specification.7. Manufacture and Marking7.1 The sleeves s
22、hall be produced by a seamless process.7.2 Sleeves shall have a smooth finish and self-reinforcededges.7.3 The holes provided in sleeves for the purposes of strapor harness attachments shall have non-metallic reinforcededges and shall be nominally 8 mm (516 in.) in diameter.7.4 Each sleeve shall be
23、marked clearly and permanentlywith the name of the manufacturer or supplier, ASTM D1051,type, class, size, and right or left. All such marking shall beconfined to the shoulder flap area and shall be nonconductingand applied in such a manner as to not impair the requiredproperties of the sleeves.7.4.
24、1 A label shall be used to identify the voltage class:Class 0red, Class 1white, Class 2yellow, Class3green, and Class 4orange. The other required informa-tion in 7.4 may be placed on the label or molded directly intothe sleeve.7.4.2 To minimize problems of marking and identification,the following st
25、andard abbreviations may be used: Small (Sm),Regular (Rg), Large (Lg), Extra Large (XLg), and Class 1 (1),Class 2 (2), and so forth. Right or left shall not be abbreviated.7.4.3 At the request of the user, the sleeves may be given ahalogenation treatment to reduce surface friction. This treat-ment s
26、hall have no detrimental effect upon the electrical,chemical or physical properties of the sleeves.8. Chemical and Physical Requirements8.1 Sleeve test material taken from sample sleeves selectedin accordance with 13.2 shall conform to the physical require-ments in Table 2 and the accelerated aging
27、in 19.2.5.8.2 In the event of a dispute, the identification of the rubberpolymer in Type I sleeves shall be performed in accordancewith 19.1.1.8.3 The Type II sleeve material shall show no visible effectsfrom ozone when tested in accordance with 18.7. Any visiblesigns of ozone deterioration of the s
28、leeve material such aschecking, cracking, breaks, pitting, and so forth, shall beconsidered as evidence of failure to meet the requirements ofType II sleeves.9. Electrical Requirements9.1 Each sleeve shall be given a proof test and shallwithstand the 60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc
29、proof-test voltage (average value) specified in Table 1. Theproof test shall be performed in accordance with Section 18.The voltage shall be applied continuously for 3 min.9.2 Sample sleeve material selected in accordance with13.2, when tested between 50-mm (2-in.) disk electrodes withedges rounded
30、to a radius of 6 mm (0.25 in.), shall show a60-Hz dielectric strength of not less than 14.8 MV/m (375 Vrms/mil) of specimen thickness for each individual test.TABLE 1 Proof Test/Use Voltage RelationshipClass ofSleeveAC Proof-TestVoltage rms VDC Proof-TestVoltage avg, VMaximum UseVoltage ac(rms), VMa
31、ximumUse Voltage,DC, avg , V0 5 000 20 000 1 000 1 5001 10 000 40 000 7 500 11 2502 20 000 50 000 17 000 25 5003 30 000 60 000 26 500 39 7504 40 000 70 000 36 000 54 000D 1051 08210. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 Sample sleeves selected in accordance with 13.2 shallfall within the thickn
32、ess limits specified in Table 3 whenmeasured in accordance with 17.1.10.2 Sample sleeves selected in accordance with 13.2 shallfall within the dimension limits specified in Table 4 for eachsize and style when measured in accordance with 17.2 inconjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Variations in sleeve
33、 lengthand wrist dimensions are acceptable when required to meetspecial physical requirements.10.2.1 The taper of sleeves should be uniform as this issignificant because of the advent of dry-form electrical testing.11. Workmanship and Finish11.1 Sleeves shall be free on both inner and outer surfaces
34、of harmful physical irregularities that can be detected bythorough test and inspection.11.1.1 Harmful physical irregularities may be defined as anyfeature that disrupts the uniform, smooth surface contour andrepresents a potential hazard to the user, such as pinholes,cracks, blisters, cuts, conducti
35、ve embedded foreign matter,creases, pinch marks, voids (entrapped air), prominent ripples,and prominent mold marks.11.2 Nonharmful physical irregularities may be defined assurface irregularities present on the inner and outer surfaces ofthe rubber sleeve due to imperfections on forms or molds andinh
36、erent difficulties in the manufacturing process. These irregu-larities may appear as mold marks that look like cuts eventhough they are actually a raised ridge of rubber, indentations,protuberances, embedded foreign material, or color splashesthat are acceptable provided that:11.2.1 The indentations
37、, protuberance or mold marks tend toblend into a smooth slope upon stretching of the material.11.2.2 The rubber thickness at any irregularity conforms tothe thickness requirements.11.2.3 Foreign material remains in place when the sleeve isfolded and stretched with the material surrounding it.11.2.4
38、Color splashes are no longer than 3 mm in anydirection on a surface of the sleeve.12. Guarantee12.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall replace, withoutcharge to the purchaser, unused sleeves which, at any timewithin a period of 9 months from date of initial delivery ofshipment to the purchaser or de
39、signee, fail to pass the tests inthis specification. This guarantee will be binding on themanufacturer or supplier only if the sleeves have been properlystored and have not been subjected to more than an originalacceptance test and one retest.12.2 Any acceptance test made by the purchaser or thepurc
40、hasers designee, shall be performed within the first twomonths of the guarantee period unless otherwise specified.NOTE 1Proper storage means that sleeves are stored right side out, notdistorted and not stored directly above or in proximity to steam pipes,radiators, or other sources of artificial hea
41、t, or exposed to direct sunlightor other sources of ozone. It is desirable that the ambient storagetemperature shall not exceed 35C (95F).13. Sampling13.1 Each sleeve in a lot or shipment shall be subject toinspection and test to meet the requirements of Sections 7, 11,and 15, and 9.1.13.2 An origin
42、al sample of 1 % of the lot or shipment or notless than two sleeves, whichever is greater, shall be selected atrandom from the lot or shipment for the test requirements ofSections 10 and 9.2. Where a failure occurs in the first sample,a second sample of the same quantity shall be selected andtested.
43、13.3 An original sample of 0.1 % of the lot or shipment ornot less than two sleeves, whichever is greater, shall beselected at random from the lot or shipment for the testrequirements of Section 8.14. Rejection14.1 Individual sleeves shall be rejected if they fail to meetrequirements of Sections 7 a
44、nd 11, 9.1 and the minimumthickness requirement of 10.1.14.2 Individual sleeves may be rejected at the option of thepurchaser if they fail to meet the requirements of Sections 15and 10.2.14.3 The entire lot or shipment of sleeves shall be rejectedunder any of the following conditions:14.3.1 If 5 % o
45、r more, but not less than two sleeves, in a lotor shipment fail to meet the requirements of 9.1.14.3.2 If two dielectric breakdowns that do not meet therequirements of 9.2 occur in the sample.14.3.3 If one dielectric breakdown in the original sampleand one or more dielectric breakdowns in the second
46、 samplefail to meet the requirements of 9.2.14.3.4 If the sample of Type II sleeves using the samplingmethods of 13.3 fails to meet the requirements of 8.3.14.4 The testing shall be terminated and the manufacturer orsupplier notified if, during the course of testing, the sleeves ina lot or shipment
47、fail to meet the requirements of 8.3, 9.1,or9.2, as determined by the rejection criteria of 14.3.1, 14.3.2,14.3.3,or14.3.4. The manufacturer or supplier may in such acase require the purchaser to submit proof that the testprocedure and equipment conform to the appropriate para-graphs of Section 18.
48、When such proof has been furnished, theTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsProperty Type I Type IITensile strength, min, Die C, MPa (psi) 17.2 (2500) 10.3 (1500)Tensile stress at 200 %, max, MPa (psi) 2.1 (300) 2.1 (300)Ultimate elongation, min, % 600 500Tension set, max at 400 %, % 25 25Tear resistance, m
49、in, kN/m (lbf/in.) 21 (120) 14 (80)Puncture resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 18 (100) 18 (100)Hardness, Shore A, max 47 47Moisture absorption, max, % 1.5 1.5TABLE 3 ThicknessClass ofSleeveMinimum Maximummm in. mm in.0 0.51 0.020 1.02 0.0401 0.76 0.030 1.52 0.0602 1.27 0.050 2.54 0.1003 1.90 0.075 2.92 0.1154 2.54 0.100 3.56 0.140D 1051 083manufacturer or supplier may request that his representativewitness the testing of additional sleeves from the shipment.14.5 The entire lot or shipment may be rejected at the optionof the purchaser, if two specimens of the first
