1、Designation: D1051 14D1051 14aStandard Specification forRubber Insulating Sleeves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1051; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing of rubber insulating sleeves for protection of workers from electricalshock.1.2 Two types of sle
3、eves are provided and are designated as Type I, nonresistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.1.3 Five classes of sleeves, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, and Class 4.1.4 Two styles of sleeves, differing in confi
4、guration, are provided and are designated as Style A, straight taper, and Style B,curved elbow.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Sections 16 19, of this specific
5、ation: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.Specific safety
6、 hazards statements are given in 18.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical AnalysisD412 Test Methods fo
7、r Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInterna
8、tional HardnessD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equipment for Electrical Insulating Materials TestingF819 Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equipment for WorkersIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric Pra
9、ctice3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 color splasha splash, smear, or streak of contrasting color evident on the inside or outside of the sleeves that wasdeposited during the dripping operation and is vulcanized into the sleeve as part of the homogeneous compound.3.1.2 halogenation treatmentexpos
10、ure of the entire sleeve surface area to a halogen for the purpose of reducing surfacefriction.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment. This
11、 standard replaces ANSI Standard J6.5, which is no longer available.Current edition approved April 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2014. Published April 2014December 2014. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 asD1051 08.D1051 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1051-14.10.1520/D1051-14A.2 For refere
12、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the
13、 user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standar
14、d as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 userthe employer or entity purchasing the equipment to be utilized by workers for their protection; in the absence
15、ofsuch an employer or entity, the individual purchasing and utilizing the protective equipment.3.1.4 For definitions of other terms, refer to Terminology F819.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical, chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufacturer
16、 and thedetailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser at his option may perform or have performedany of these tests in order to verify the guarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by themanufacturer.4.2 Sleeves are used fo
17、r personal protection; therefore, when authorizing their use, a margin of safety shall be allowed betweenthe maximum voltage on which they are used and the proof-test voltage at which they are tested. The relationship betweenproof-test voltage and the maximum voltage at which the sleeves shall be us
18、ed is shown in Table 1.4.3 Work practices vary from user to user, dependent upon many factors. These may include but are not limited to, operatingsystem voltages, construction design, work procedure techniques, weather conditions, and so forth. Therefore, except for therestrictions set forth in this
19、 specification because of design limitations, the use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond thescope of this specification.4.4 It is common practice and the responsibility of the user of this type of protective equipment to prepare complete instructionsand regulations to govern the correct and
20、 safe use of such equipment.5. Classification5.1 Sleeves covered under this specification shall be designated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class4; and Style A or Style B.5.1.1 Type I, nonresistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound
21、of natural or syntheticorigin, properly vulcanized.5.1.2 Type II, resistant to ozone, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds.5.1.3 The class designation shall be based on the electrical properties as shown in Table 1.5.1.4 Style A, straight taper design.5.1.5 Style B, curved e
22、lbow design.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for sleeves under this specification should include the following information:6.1.1 Type,6.1.2 Class,6.1.3 Style,6.1.4 Size,6.1.5 Color, and6.1.6 With or without halogenation treatment.6.2 The listing of types, classes, styles, sizes, and colors is not i
23、ntended to mean that all shall necessarily be available frommanufacturers; it signifies only that, if made, they shall conform to the details of this specification.7. Manufacture and Marking7.1 The sleeves shall be produced by a seamless process.7.2 Sleeves shall have a smooth finish and self-reinfo
24、rced edges.7.3 The holes provided in sleeves for the purposes of strap or harness attachments shall have non-metallic reinforced edges andshall be nominally 8 mm (516 in.) in diameter.TABLE 1 Proof Test/Use Voltage RelationshipClass ofSleeveAC Proof-TestVoltage rms VDC Proof-TestVoltage avg, VMaximu
25、m UseVoltage ac(rms), VMaximumUse Voltage,DC, avg , V0 5 000 20 000 1 000 1 5001 10 000 40 000 7 500 11 2502 20 000 50 000 17 000 25 5003 30 000 60 000 26 500 39 7504 40 000 70 000 36 000 54 000D1051 14a27.4 Each sleeve shall be marked clearly and permanently with the name of the manufacturer or sup
26、plier, ASTM D1051, type,class, size, and right or left. All such marking shall be confined to the shoulder flap area and shall be nonconducting and appliedin such a manner as to not impair the required properties of the sleeves.7.4.1 A label shall be used to identify the voltage class: Class 0red, C
27、lass 1white, Class 2yellow, Class 3green, andClass 4orange. The other required information in 7.4 may be placed on the label or molded directly into the sleeve.7.4.2 To minimize problems of marking and identification, the following standard abbreviations may be used: Small (Sm),Regular (Rg), Large (
28、Lg), Extra Large (XLg), and Class 1 (1), Class 2 (2), and so forth. Right or left shall not be abbreviated.7.4.3 At the request of the user, the sleeves may be given a halogenation treatment to reduce surface friction. This treatmentshall have no detrimental effect upon the electrical, chemical or p
29、hysical properties of the sleeves.8. Chemical and Physical Requirements8.1 Sleeve test material taken from sample sleeves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall conform to the physical requirementsin Table 2 and the accelerated aging in 19.2.5.8.2 In the event of a dispute, the identification of the
30、 rubber polymer in Type I sleeves shall be performed in accordance with19.1.1.8.3 The Type II sleeve material shall show no visible effects from ozone when tested in accordance with 18.7.Any visible signsof ozone deterioration of the sleeve material such as checking, cracking, breaks, pitting, and s
31、o forth, shall be considered asevidence of failure to meet the requirements of Type II sleeves.9. Electrical Requirements9.1 Each sleeve shall be given a proof test and shall withstand the 60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc proof-testvoltage (average value) specified in Table 1. The p
32、roof test shall be performed in accordance with Section 18. The voltage shallbe applied continuously for 3 min.9.2 Sample sleeve material selected in accordance with 13.2, when tested between 50-mm (2-in.) disk electrodes with edgesrounded to a radius of 6 mm (0.25 in.), shall show a 60-Hz dielectri
33、c strength of not less than 14.8 MV/m (375 V rms/mil) ofspecimen thickness for each individual test.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 Sample sleeves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall fall within the thickness limits specified in Table 3 when measuredin accordance with 17.1.10.2 Samp
34、le sleeves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall fall within the dimension limits specified in Table 4 for each sizeand style when measured in accordance with 17.2 in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Variations in sleeve length and wristdimensions are acceptable when required to meet special phy
35、sical requirements.10.2.1 The taper of sleeves should be uniform as this is significant because of the advent of dry-form electrical testing.11. Workmanship and Finish11.1 Sleeves shall be free on both inner and outer surfaces of harmful physical irregularities that can be detected by thoroughtest a
36、nd inspection.11.1.1 Harmful physical irregularities may be defined as any feature that disrupts the uniform, smooth surface contour andrepresents a potential hazard to the user, such as pinholes, cracks, blisters, cuts, conductive embedded foreign matter, creases, pinchmarks, voids (entrapped air),
37、 prominent ripples, and prominent mold marks.11.2 Nonharmful physical irregularities may be defined as surface irregularities present on the inner and outer surfaces of therubber sleeve due to imperfections on forms or molds and inherent difficulties in the manufacturing process. These irregularitie
38、smay appear as mold marks that look like cuts even though they are actually a raised ridge of rubber, indentations, protuberances,embedded foreign material, or color splashes that are acceptable provided that:11.2.1 The indentations, protuberance or mold marks tend to blend into a smooth slope upon
39、stretching of the material.11.2.2 The rubber thickness at any irregularity conforms to the thickness requirements.TABLE 2 Physical RequirementsProperty Type I Type IITensile strength, min, Die C, MPa (psi) 17.2 (2500) 10.3 (1500)Tensile stress at 200 %, max, MPa (psi) 2.1 (300) 2.1 (300)Ultimate elo
40、ngation, min, % 600 500Tension set, max at 400 %, % 25 25Tear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 21 (120) 14 (80)Puncture resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 18 (100) 18 (100)Hardness, Shore A, max 47 47Moisture absorption, max, % 1.5 1.5D1051 14a311.2.3 Foreign material remains in place when the sleeve is
41、 folded and stretched with the material surrounding it.11.2.4 Color splashes are no longer than 3 mm in any direction on a surface of the sleeve.12. Guarantee12.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall replace, without charge to the purchaser, unused sleeves which, at any time within aperiod of 9 months
42、 from date of initial delivery of shipment to the purchaser or designee, fail to pass the tests in this specification.This guarantee will be binding on the manufacturer or supplier only if the sleeves have been properly stored and have not beensubjected to more than an original acceptance test and o
43、ne retest.12.2 Any acceptance test made by the purchaser or the purchasers designee, shall be performed within the first two months ofthe guarantee period unless otherwise specified.NOTE 1Proper storage means that sleeves are stored right side out, not distorted and not stored directly above or in p
44、roximity to steam pipes, radiators,or other sources of artificial heat, or exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of ozone. It is desirable that the ambient storage temperature shall notexceed 35C (95F).13. Sampling13.1 Each sleeve in a lot or shipment shall be subject to inspection and test to
45、 meet the requirements of Sections 7, 11, and 15,and 9.1.13.2 An original sample of 1 % of the lot or shipment or not less than two sleeves, whichever is greater, shall be selected atrandom from the lot or shipment for the test requirements of Sections 10 and 9.2. Where a failure occurs in the first
46、 sample, asecond sample of the same quantity shall be selected and tested.13.3 An original sample of 0.1 % of the lot or shipment or not less than two sleeves, whichever is greater, shall be selected atrandom from the lot or shipment for the test requirements of Section 8.14. Rejection14.1 Individua
47、l sleeves shall be rejected if they fail to meet requirements of Sections 7 and 11, 9.1 and the minimum thicknessrequirement of 10.1.14.2 Individual sleeves may be rejected at the option of the purchaser if they fail to meet the requirements of Sections 15 and10.2.14.3 The entire lot or shipment of
48、sleeves shall be rejected under any of the following conditions:14.3.1 If 5 % or more, but not less than two sleeves, in a lot or shipment fail to meet the requirements of 9.1.14.3.2 If two dielectric breakdowns that do not meet the requirements of 9.2 occur in the sample.14.3.3 If one dielectric br
49、eakdown in the original sample and one or more dielectric breakdowns in the second sample fail tomeet the requirements of 9.2.14.3.4 If the sample of Type II sleeves using the sampling methods of 13.3 fails to meet the requirements of 8.3.14.4 The testing shall be terminated and the manufacturer or supplier notified if, during the course of testing, the sleeves in alot or shipment fail to meet the requirements of 8.3, 9.1, or 9.2, as determined by the rejection criteria of 14.3.1, 14.3.2, 14.3.3,or 14.3.4. The manufacturer or supplier may in such a case req
