1、Designation: D 1141 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forthe Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solu
3、tions con-taining inorganic salts in proportions and concentrations rep-resentative of ocean water.2NOTE 1Since the concentrations of ocean water varies with samplinglocation, the gross concentration employed herein is an average of manyreliable individual analyses. Trace elements, occurring natural
4、ly in con-centrations below 0.005 mg/L, are not included.1.2 This practice provides three stock solutions, each rela-tively concentrated but stable in storage. For preparation ofsubstitute ocean water, aliquots of the first two stock solutionswith added salt are combined in larger volume. An addedre
5、finement in adjustment of heavy metal concentration isprovided by the addition of a small aliquot of the third stocksolution to the previous solution.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
6、standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water3D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization
7、, and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definition Of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chlorinity, , nthe weight of silver ion (g) required tocompletely prec
8、ipitate the halides in 0.3285 kg of water (g/kg).4. Significance and Use4.1 This substitute ocean water may be used for laboratorytesting where a reproducible solution simulating sea water isrequired. Examples are for tests on oil contamination, deter-gency evaluation, and corrosion testing.NOTE 2Th
9、e lack of organic matter, suspended matter, and marine lifein this solution does not permit unqualified acceptance of test results asrepresenting performance in actual ocean water. Where corrosion isinvolved, the results obtained from laboratory tests may not approximatethose secured under natural t
10、esting conditions that differ greatly fromthose of the laboratory, and especially where effects of velocity, saltatmospheres, or organic constituents are involved.Also the rapid depletionof reacting elements present in low concentrations suggests caution indirect application of results.5. Reagents a
11、nd Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society.5Other grades may be used, provided it is first
12、 ascertained thatthe reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its usewithout lessening the accuracy of the determination.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications, TechnicalResources, and
13、Statistical Methods.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 114198e1.2This practice is based upon the following studies:May and Black, “Synthetic Ocean Water,” Naval Research Laboratory ReportP-2909, Au
14、gust 1946.May, T. P. and Alexander, A. L., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part ICorrosion Characteristics in the Testing of Metals,” Proceedings,ASTM, Vol 50, 1950.Alexander, A. L. and May, T. P., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part IIA Study of Organic Coat
15、ings,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 50, 1950.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Che
16、mical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
17、8-2959, United States.5.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D 1193, Type II.5.3 Sodium Hydroxide, Solution, Standard (0.10 N) Pre-pare and standardize as directed in Practice E 200.5.4 Stock Solution No.
18、 1Dissolve the indicated amountsof the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of7.0 L. Store in well stoppered glass containers.MgCl26H2O 3889.0 g ( = 555.6 g/L)CaCl2(anhydrous) 405.6 g ( = 57.9 g/L)SrCl26H2O 14.8 g ( = 2.1 g/L)5.5 Stock Solution No. 2Dissolve the indicated amountsof
19、the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of7.0 L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amberglass containers.KCl 486.2 g ( = 69.5 g/L)NaHCO3140.7 g ( = 20.1 g/L)KBr 70.4 g ( = 10.0 g/L)H3BO319.0 g ( = 2.7 g/L)NaF 2.1 g ( = 0.3 g/L)5.6 Stock Solution No. 3Dissolve the indic
20、ated amountsof the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of10.0 L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amberglass containers.Ba(NO3)20.994 gMn(NO3)26H2O 0.546 gCu(NO3)23H2O 0.396 gZn(NO3)26H2O 0.151 gPb(NO3)20.066 gAgNO30.0049 gNOTE 3To make the addition of AgNO3in the abo
21、ve solution,dissolve 0.049 g of AgNO3in water and dilute to 1 L. Add 100 mL of thissolution to Stock Solution No. 3 before diluting to 10.0 L.6. Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water6.1 To prepare 10.0 L of substitute ocean water, dissolve245.34 g of sodium chloride and 40.94 g of anhydrous sodiumsu
22、lfate in 8 to 9 L of water. Add 200 mL of Stock Solution No.1 slowly with vigorous stirring and then 100 mL of StockSolution No. 2. Dilute to 10.0 L. Adjust the pH to 8.2 with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. Only a few millilitres of NaOHsolution should be required.NOTE 4Prepare the solution and adj
23、ust the pH immediately prior touse.7. Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water with HeavyMetals7.1 Add 10 mL of Stock Solution No. 3 slowly and withvigorous stirring to 10.0 L of the substitute ocean waterprepared as described in Section 6.8. Keywords8.1 substitute brine; substitute ocean water; substi
24、tute saltwater; substitute seawaterAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMPOSITION OF SUBSTITUTE OCEAN WATERX1.1 The substitute ocean water prepared in accordancewith Section 6 will have the composition shown above the linein Table X1.1(upper half of the table). The substitute oceanwater with heav
25、y metals, prepared in accordance with Section7, will have the complete composition shown in Table X1.1.TABLE X1.1 Chemical Composition of Substitute Ocean WaterA,BCompound Concentration, g/LNaCl 24.53MgCl25.20Na2SO44.09CaCl21.16KCl 0.695NaHCO30.201KBr 0.101H3BO30.027SrCl20.025NaF 0.003Ba(NO3)20.0000
26、994Mn(NO2)20.0000340Cu(NO3)20.0000308Zn(NO3)20.0000096Pb(NO3)20.0000066AgNO30.00000049AChlorinity of this substitute ocean water is 19.38.BThe pH (after adjustment with 0.1 N NaOH solution) is 8.2.D 1141 98 (2003)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
27、rted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
28、 the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will recei
29、ve careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inter
30、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1141 98 (2003)3
