1、Designation: D 1141 98 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forthe Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solut
3、ions con-taining inorganic salts in proportions and concentrations rep-resentative of ocean water.2NOTE 1Since the concentrations of ocean water varies with samplinglocation, the gross concentration employed herein is an average of manyreliable individual analyses. Trace elements, occurring naturall
4、y in con-centrations below 0.005 mg/L, are not included.1.2 This practice provides three stock solutions, each rela-tively concentrated but stable in storage. For preparation ofsubstitute ocean water, aliquots of the first two stock solutionswith added salt are combined in larger volume. An addedref
5、inement in adjustment of heavy metal concentration isprovided by the addition of a small aliquot of the third stocksolution to the previous solution.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
6、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization,
7、and Stor-age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definition Of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chlorinity, , nthe weight of silver ion (g) required tocompletely precip
8、itate the halides in 0.3285 kg of water (g/kg).4. Significance and Use4.1 This substitute ocean water may be used for laboratorytesting where a reproducible solution simulating sea water isrequired. Examples are for tests on oil contamination, deter-gency evaluation, and corrosion testing.NOTE 2The
9、lack of organic matter, suspended matter, and marine lifein this solution does not permit unqualified acceptance of test results asrepresenting performance in actual ocean water. Where corrosion isinvolved, the results obtained from laboratory tests may not approximatethose secured under natural tes
10、ting conditions that differ greatly fromthose of the laboratory, and especially where effects of velocity, saltatmospheres, or organic constituents are involved.Also the rapid depletionof reacting elements present in low concentrations suggests caution indirect application of results.5. Reagents and
11、 Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society.4Other grades may be used, provided it is first a
12、scertained thatthe reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its usewithout lessening the accuracy of the determination.5.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D 1193, Type II.1This practice is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems, Specification,and Statistics.Current edition approved July 15, 2008. Published August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1141 98 (2003).2Th
14、is practice is based upon the following studies:May and Black, “Synthetic Ocean Water,” Naval Research Laboratory ReportP-2909, August 1946.May, T. P. and Alexander, A. L., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part ICorrosion Characteristics in the Testing of Metals,” Proceedings,ASTM
15、, Vol 50, 1950.Alexander, A. L. and May, T. P., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part IIA Study of Organic Coatings,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 50, 1950.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
16、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,
17、see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
18、States.5.3 Sodium Hydroxide, Solution, Standard (0.10 N) Pre-pare and standardize as directed in Practice E 200.5.4 Stock Solution No. 1Dissolve the indicated amountsof the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of7.0 L. Store in well stoppered glass containers.MgCl26H2O 3889.0 g ( =
19、555.6 g/L)CaCl2(anhydrous) 405.6 g ( = 57.9 g/L)SrCl26H2O 14.8 g ( = 2.1 g/L)5.5 Stock Solution No. 2Dissolve the indicated amountsof the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of7.0 L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amberglass containers.KCl 486.2 g ( = 69.5 g/L)NaHCO
20、3140.7 g ( = 20.1 g/L)KBr 70.4 g ( = 10.0 g/L)H3BO319.0 g ( = 2.7 g/L)NaF 2.1 g ( = 0.3 g/L)5.6 Stock Solution No. 3Dissolve the indicated amountsof the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of10.0 L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amberglass containers.Ba(NO3)20.994
21、gMn(NO3)26H2O 0.546 gCu(NO3)23H2O 0.396 gZn(NO3)26H2O 0.151 gPb(NO3)20.066 gAgNO30.0049 gNOTE 3To make the addition of AgNO3in the above solution,dissolve 0.049 g of AgNO3in water and dilute to 1 L. Add 100 mL of thissolution to Stock Solution No. 3 before diluting to 10.0 L.6. Preparation of Substi
22、tute Ocean Water6.1 To prepare 10.0 L of substitute ocean water, dissolve245.34 g of sodium chloride and 40.94 g of anhydrous sodiumsulfate in 8 to 9 L of water. Add 200 mL of Stock Solution No.1 slowly with vigorous stirring and then 100 mL of StockSolution No. 2. Dilute to 10.0 L. Adjust the pH to
23、 8.2 with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. Only a few millilitres of NaOHsolution should be required.NOTE 4Prepare the solution and adjust the pH immediately prior touse.7. Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water with HeavyMetals7.1 Add 10 mL of Stock Solution No. 3 slowly and withvigorous stirring to
24、10.0 L of the substitute ocean waterprepared as described in Section 6.8. Keywords8.1 substitute brine; substitute ocean water; substitute saltwater; substitute seawaterAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMPOSITION OF SUBSTITUTE OCEAN WATERX1.1 The substitute ocean water prepared in accordancewi
25、th Section 6 will have the composition shown above the linein Table X1.1(upper half of the table). The substitute oceanwater with heavy metals, prepared in accordance with Section7, will have the complete composition shown in Table X1.1.D 1141 98 (2008)2ASTM International takes no position respectin
26、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
27、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
28、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th
29、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax)
30、, or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Chemical Composition of Substitute Ocean WaterA,BCompound Concentration, g/LNaCl 24.53MgCl25.20Na2SO44.09CaCl21.16KCl 0.695NaHCO30.201KBr 0.101H3BO30.027SrCl20.025NaF 0.003Ba(NO3)20.0000994Mn(NO2)20.0000340Cu(NO3)20.0000308Zn(NO3)20.0000096Pb(NO3)20.0000066AgNO30.00000049AChlorinity of this substitute ocean water is 19.38.BThe pH (after adjustment with 0.1 N NaOH solution) is 8.2.D 1141 98 (2008)3
