1、Designation: D1146 00 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forBlocking Point of Potentially Adhesive Layers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determinatio
3、n of the block-ing point of a thermoplastic or a hygroscopic layer or coatingof potentially adhesive material. Potentially adhesive materialscomprise those materials in a substantially nonadhesive statewhich may be activated to an adhesive state by application ofheat or solvents.1.2 The values state
4、d in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
5、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of Adhesives3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stand
6、ard:3.2.1 adhesive blocking, nthe blocking of a potentiallyadhesive face and a standard test paper.3.2.2 blocking, nthe adhesion between touching layers ofsimilar or dissimilar material, such as occurs under moderatepressures during storage or use.3.2.3 cohesive blocking, nthe blocking of two simila
7、r,potentially adhesive faces.3.2.4 critical humidity, nthe lowest humidity at whichblocking of a given degree occurs.3.2.5 critical temperature, nthe lowest temperature atwhich blocking of a given degree occurs.3.2.6 first degree blocking, nan adherence between thesurfaces under test of such degree
8、that when the upperspecimen is lifted the lower specimen will cling thereto, butmay be parted with no evidence of damage to either surface.3.2.7 second degree blocking, nan adherence of suchdegree that when the surfaces under tests are parted one surfaceor the other will be found to be damaged.NOTE
9、1It is permissible to designate such other degrees of blockingas may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser of theadhesive.4. Significance and Use4.1 Since some potentially adhesive materials are boththermoplastic and hygroscopic, this test method providesmeans for estimating, on
10、the same material, both thermoplasticand hygroscopic blocking. Because some requirements aremore strict than others, two varying degrees of blocking arerecognized and defined: (1) First degree blocking, and (2)Second degree blocking. Two types of blocking are covered:(1) Cohesive blocking, and (2) A
11、dhesive blocking.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Constant-Temperature Oven, capable of maintainingtemperatures up to 85 6 1C (185 6 2F), and of sufficient sizeto hold one or more desiccators of the type described in 5.2.5.2 Desiccators, for use as humidity chambers, with aminimum diameter of 150 mm (6
12、 in.). The desiccators aremade of glass, with ground flanges and fitting covers. Groundedges are clean and well lubricated with stopcock grease.5.3 Weights, of 0.45 kg (1 lb) each, having a flat base 645mm2(1 in.2) in area.5.4 Glass Plates, of plate glass, measuring 38 by 38 mm(112 by 112 in.).5.5 S
13、tandard PaperGeneral usage filter paper cut in by 38by 38-mm (112 by 112-in.) squares.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on WorkingProperties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 20
14、13. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1146 00 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D1146-00R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
15、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2In cases where standard paper is deemed inadequate, adifferent paper, or material other than paper, may be substituted byagree
16、ment between the manufacturer and the purchaser of the adhesive.6. Materials6.1 Various Salts, for maintaining constant humidity condi-tions within the desiccators, as follows:6.1.1 Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2), for lowhumidity, and6.1.2 The following salts, employed in saturated solution:Salt
17、Approximate Relative Humidity overSaturated Solution at 38C(100F), %Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O72H2O) 50ASodium bromide (NaBr) 54ASodium nitrite (NaNO2)62ASodium acetate (NaC2H3O23H2O) 68ASodium chloride (NaCl) 75APotassium chloride (KCl) 83BAmmonium monophosphate (NH4H2PO4)91AA“Equilibrium Relative
18、Humidities Above Saturated Salt Solutions at VariousTemperaturesReport No. 40 to the American Paper and Pulp Association,”Institute of Paper Chemistry, February 15, 1945.B“International Critical Tables,” Vol 1, 1926, pp. 6768.NOTE 3Desiccators made up with salt solutions are prepared and heldat the
19、designated temperatures a sufficient time in advance of use to ensurehumidity equilibrium within the desiccators. An excess of salt is main-tained throughout the period of testing.7. Test Specimens7.1 Cut eighteen test specimens 38 mm (112 in.) squarefrom suitable large specimens for each series of
20、tests (sixspecimens for cohesive tests and three specimens for adhesivetests in both thermoplastic and hygroscopic blocking).7.2 Prepare adhesive specimens to conform closely withpertinent commercial practice in respect to adhesive thickness,backing material, and method of preparation.8. Conditionin
21、g8.1 Condition test specimens and standard paper for deter-mining thermoplastic blocking in a desiccator over anhydrouscalcium chloride at 38 6 1C (100 6 2F) for 24 h.8.2 Condition test specimens and standard paper for deter-mining hygroscopic blocking at the required humidity for 24 hat 38 6 1C (10
22、0 6 2F).9. Procedure9.1 For cohesive blocking, place two conditioned testspecimens, adhesive face to adhesive face, on a glass plate. Foradhesive blocking, superimpose three squares of standardpaper on the adhesive face of a conditioned test specimen, andplace on a glass plate.Align the test specime
23、ns, standard paper,and glass plate, so that the edges are flush. Place a 0.45-kg(1-lb) weight (5.3) on top of the aligned specimens, in thecenter of the 38-mm (112-in.) square area.9.2 Make triplicate assemblies for each of the followingtypes of test:9.2.1 Cohesive Blocking: (1) Thermoplastic (2) Hy
24、gro-scopic.9.2.2 Adhesive Blocking: (1) Thermoplastic (2) Hygro-scopic.9.3 For thermoplastic blocking, place the above test assem-blies immediately in a desiccator over anhydrous calciumchloride at 38 6 1C (100 6 2F) for 24 h. For hygroscopicblocking, place the test assemblies immediately in a desic
25、catorat approximately 50 % relative humidity and at 38 6 1C for24 h.9.4 Remove the test assemblies, allow to cool to roomtemperature, and examine promptly, noting the degree ofadherence. Classify the degree of blocking as follows: (1) Free,(2) First degree blocking, (3) Second degree blocking, or (4
26、)Any other degrees of blocking agreed upon.9.5 If the classification is “free,” repeat the test with newspecimens at successively higher temperatures (in incrementsof 5C (10F) for thermoplastic blocking, or successivelyhigher humidities (in increments shown with various salts) forhygroscopic blockin
27、g, until first or second or other degreeblocking is found, or until a suitably high temperature orhumidity is reached.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding thickness or weight per unit area, and method ofapplication to suppo
28、rting carrier, if any,10.1.2 Any alternative material employed in 5.5,10.1.3 Type of test usedwhether for cohesive or adhesiveblocking, thermoplastic or hygroscopic blocking,10.1.4 Degree of blockingfree, first degree, seconddegree, or other,10.1.5 Results of all determinations made, including: fort
29、hermoplastic blocking, the critical temperature or (alterna-tively) the highest temperature employed; for hygroscopicblocking, the critical humidity or (alternatively) the highesthumidity employed; any other critical phenomena.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No information is presented about either the p
30、recisionor bias of Test Method D1146 for measuring the blocking pointsince the test result is nonquantitative.12. Keywords12.1 adhesive blocking; blocking; blocking point; cohesiveblocking; first degree blocking; second degree blockingD1146 00 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting t
31、he validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard
32、is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International H
33、eadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This
34、standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1146 00 (2013)3
