1、Designation: D 1366 86 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forReporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice for reporting the fi
3、neness characteristics ofpigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-knownmethods for determining these particle size characteristics inthe subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedi-mentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorp-tion and permeability methods.1.
4、2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigmentshaving a definite bimodal distribution are not considered withinthe scope of this practice.1.3 ParametersThe fineness characteristics are reportedin the following three parameters:1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter.1.3.2 Coarseness ParameterA parameter
5、 descriptive ofthe coarseness character of the pigment, making use of alimiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in thesieve ranges.1.3.3 Dispersion ParameterA parameter descriptive ofthe uniformity of the particle size distribution.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the s
6、afetyproblems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E20 Practice for Particle-Size Ana
7、lysis of Particulate Sub-stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 m by Optical Micros-copy33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 particle size parameter (specific surface diameter,SSD), ndiameter d3used elsewhere in ASTM test methods.This parameter is the same as that frequently reported as“Average Particle
8、Size by Surface Mean,” and “SpecificParticle Size,” and is defined as follows:SSD 5 (d3f/(d2f (1)where:SSD = specific surface diameter, m,d = mean class size, m, andf = frequency.Therefore the SSD is the diameter of a sphere having thespecific surface characteristic of the pigment. The true specific
9、surface of all pigments involves a shape factor. Report SSDwhether or not the effect of shape has been considered in thecalculations. Presumably, as the effect of shape is betterunderstood, it will figure more and more in calculationsinvolving particle size, but in the meantime it will of necessityb
10、e ignored in many cases.3.1.2 coarseness parameter (CP), nthat diameter, ex-pressed in micrometres, below which 99.5 % of the pigmentfalls.3.1.3 dispersion parameter (DP), nthe ratio of the mi-crometre size within which 50 % of the pigment lies, to thespecific surface diameter, SSD. The larger the D
11、P number, thegreater the dispersion parameter and the lower the uniformity.Report the dispersion parameter in all cases when a distributioncurve can be prepared from the original data. The dispersionparameter cannot be calculated from data obtained by absorp-tion or permeability methods. Determine a
12、s follows:3.1.3.1 Prepare a cumulative-size distribution curve on3-phase log paper, using the vertical axis for the percent fallingbelow the size indicated, and the horizontal axis (log scale) fordiameter in micrometres. Use the upper class limit correspond-ing to the cumulative weight percentage. S
13、ubtract the mi-crometre size at 25 % cumulative weight from the micrometresize at 75 %, and multiply the difference by 100 4 SSD,asfollows:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubco
14、mmittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1366 86 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
15、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DP 5m at 75 % 2 m at 25 %!/SSD! 3 100 (2)4.
16、 Significance and Use4.1 This practice is of value (1) to the producer of fineparticles as a means of reporting particle characteristics withrespect to quality control and (2) to the buyer to assure that theparticle size and particle size distribution meet his require-ments.5. Procedure5.1 Particle
17、Size by Microscopical MethodsProceduresfor determining particle size by microscopical methods aredescribed in Practice E20. When microscopical methods areemployed, report the data in tabular form similar to that shownin Table 1.5.2 Particle Size by Sedimentation MethodsSedimentation methods provide
18、data from which may becalculated the mean class size and percentage by weight foreach of these class sizes. Table 2 presents in the second andthird columns data normally obtained by sedimentation meth-ods. Column 3 of Table 2, which gives the distribution byweight of the class sizes, is identical wi
19、th the function d3f.Therefore, the d3f function in Column 4 equals d3f/d. The fifthcolumn, cumulative weight, percent, is obtained from thevalues in Column 3.5.3 Particle Size by Turbidimetric MethodsLike the sedi-mentation method, the turbidimetric methods provide classsizes and a percentage by wei
20、ght for each class size, and thecalculation is the same as that in Table 2. However, frequentlya weight distribution curve is obtained from data not directlyconvertible into the class-size distribution table. In such cases,reconstruct the size-weight distribution table from the distri-bution by weig
21、ht curve.5.4 Particle Size by Absorption and PermeabilityMethodsThe absorption and permeability methods, and afew others, provide no means of making a distribution curve.Therefore, obtain specific surface either as square metres percubic centimetre, or as square metres per gram of material. Inthe fi
22、rst case, where s equals square metres per cubic centime-tre, the equation is as follows:SSD 5 6/s (3)In the second case, where S equals square metres per gram(Note), the equation is as follows:SSD 5 6/sp gr 3 s! (4)NOTE 1ExampleChannel black has a specific gravity of 2.0. If thespecific surface in
23、square metres per gram is reported as 94.0, then:SSD 5 6/2 3 94! 5 0.032 (5)6. Calculation and Report6.1 To determine the coarseness and dispersion parametersfrom the microscopical data of Table 1, draw Curve I of Fig. 1,using the cumulative weight percentage and the upper classsize units of Table 1
24、. From this curve, read the CP at the pointwhere the curve crosses the 99.5 % line, that is, 8.7, and obtainthe DP from the sizes where the curve crosses the 25 and 75 %lines; then calculate as follows:SSD 5 126 653.1/22 733.1 5 5.57 m (6)p15 d75% 2 d25% 5 0.70 mDP 5 100 p1/SSD 5 100 3 0.70!/5.57 5
25、12.6CP 5 8.7 m6.2 To determine the coarseness and dispersion parametersfrom the sedimentation data of Table 2, draw Curve II of Fig.TABLE 1 Example of Data Sheet for Microscopic MethodClass Limits, mMean ClassSize, dFrequency, fd2fd3fd2f,%CumulativeWeight, %Lower Upper0.25 0.75 0.5 71.4 17.8 8.9 0.0
26、07 0.0070.75 1.25 1.0 50.9 50.9 50.9 0.040 0.0471.25 1.75 1.5 57.9 130.2 195.4 0.154 0.1911.75 2.25 2.0 36.9 147.5 295.0 0.233 0.4242.25 2.75 2.5 41.1 256.8 641.9 0.506 0.932.75 3.25 3.0 34.5 310.9 932.7 0.736 1.693.25 3.75 3.5 34.5 423.2 1 481.2 1.17 2.863.75 4.25 4.0 21.0 336.1 1 344.5 1.06 3.924.
27、25 4.75 4.5 42.0 850.8 3 828.8 3.02 6.944.75 5.25 5.0 81.2 2 030.8 10 154.0 8.02 14.965.25 5.75 5.5 283.8 8 586.3 47 225.0 37.25 52.215.75 6.25 6.0 155.9 5 613.4 33 680.0 26.60 78.816.25 6.75 6.5 71.0 2 998.1 19 487.9 15.38 94.196.75 7.25 7.0 7.9 388.9 2 722.4 2.15 96.347.25 7.75 7.5 5.1 288.8 2 166
28、.3 1.71 98.057.75 8.25 8.0 4.2 268.9 2 151.4 1.71 99.763.25 8.75 8.5 0.5 33.7 286.8 0.23 99.99Totals 999.8 22 733.1 126 653.1TABLE 2 Example of Data Sheet for Sedimentation MethodDiameter Class Size LimitsClass SizeDiameter,d,mWeight %,d3fd2fCumulativeWeight, %Lower Upper0.0 0.5 0.25 11.0 44.00 11.0
29、0.5 1.0 0.75 10.0 13.33 21.01.0 1.5 1.25 10.0 8.00 31.01.5 2.0 1.75 9.0 5.14 40.02.0 3.0 2.50 15.0 6.00 55.03.0 4.0 3.50 9.5 2.71 64.54.0 5.0 4.50 8.5 1.89 73.05.0 7.5 6.25 12.5 2.00 85.57.5 10.0 8.75 8.0 0.91 93.510.0 15.0 12.50 5.3 0.42 98.815.0 20.0 17.50 1.2 0.07 100.020.0 30.0 25.00 0.0 0.00Tot
30、als 100.0 84.47D 1366 86 (2007)21, using the cumulative weight percentage and upper class sizeunits of Table 2. From this curve, determine the coarseness anddispersion parameters as described in 5.1, as follows:SSD 5 (d3f/(d2f 5 100.0/84.47 5 1.183 m (7)DP 5 17.0 mp25 5.30 2 1.18 5 4.12 mDP 5 100 p2
31、/SSD 5 348.0CP 5 17.0 m6.3 While theoretically the size of pigment particles isindependent of the method of determination used, it is recog-nized that various methods of determining subsieve particlesize distribution give somewhat different results, depending onthe assumption made in the particle me
32、thod. It is recom-mended, therefore, that the method of determination always bemade a part of the report of the size distribution determinedunder this practice.7. Keywords7.1 microscopic; pigments; sedimentation; turbidimetricpermeability absorptionASTM International takes no position respecting the
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35、dquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This st
36、andard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Curves for Obtaining Coarseness and Dispersion ParametersD 1366 86 (2007)3
