1、Designation: D1436 17Standard Test Methods forApplication of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates forTesting Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application ofemulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for te
3、stingpurposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section3.1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigidsubstrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided fo
4、rinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
5、se.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers
6、 to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Significance and Use2.1 All five of the test methods described will producepolish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used forvarious performance tests. The choice of test method is left upto the individual laboratory.3. Choice of Test Method3.1 Under actual
7、use conditions, the thickness of the driedfilm deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from0.03 mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been foundthat will produce uniformly thick films throughout this rangeon all substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness andporosity of the s
8、ubstrate is of the same order of magnitude asthe thickness of the deposited films. Therefore, several alter-native methods have been developed. Unless otherwisespecified, the choice of method of application and substrateshall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.The characteristic
9、s of the five methods are as follows:3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip CoaterThis method pro-duces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat withsubstrates of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coatapplications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coatswith consequent loss of un
10、iformity.3.1.2 Method B. Hand ApplicatorThis method simulatesuse conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory unifor-mity for many test purposes where the area of the test panel issmall (304.8 by 304.8 mm (12 by 12 in.) or smaller). With largepanels, considerable local nonuniformity of film th
11、ickness mayresult.3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip MethodThis method resultsin wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thickerat the bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapidand results in reproducible films in the center of the test panelwhich are useful for comparison tests a
12、nd for tests involvingthe surface properties of the wax film.3.1.4 Method D. Blade ApplicatorThis method merelyspreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surfacearea. The uniformity of the resulting film depends on theflatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion,and the interf
13、acial tension between the emulsion and thesubstrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick tomoderately thin films. Some practice and familiarity with themethod are necessary to produce uniform thin films.3.1.5 Method E. Pour SurfaceThis method covers pouringa small amount of polish over a
14、tile held at a 45 angle andallowing it to flow uniformly down the tile and coating it.Afterthe polish is poured and the bottom bead forms, it is wiped offand allowed to dry. The method is satisfactory for producingthick films for slip resistance testing.4. Standard Conditions4.1 The materials and ap
15、paratus shall be permitted to cometo equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of50 6 4 % and a temperature of 23.8 6 1.1C (75 6 2F).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 onPolishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on PerformanceTe
16、sts.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1436 97(2015).DOI: 10.1520/D1436-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis internati
17、onal standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committ
18、ee.14.2 The application of the emulsion floor polish shall becarried out under the conditions specified in 4.1.TEST METHOD A. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH BY THE AUTOMATIC DIP COATER5. Apparatus5.1 Automatic Dip CoaterThe automatic dip coater shallconsist of a mechanism that will withdraw a p
19、anel from a tankof the emulsion at a predetermined rate. A suitable apparatus2consists of a constant-speed motor to which a pulley isattached. The diameter of the pulley is such that the cord andhook assembly attached to it will have a speed of 101.6 mm (4in.)/min. The speed of withdrawal is kept un
20、iform and is lowerthan that at which the coating drains. The test substrate must bewithdrawn from the test solution entirely free of vibration.5.2 Dip Tank, any tank with cover suitable for immersion ofthe substrate into the emulsion. The substrate must not touchthe sides of the tank during withdraw
21、al.6. Procedure6.1 Place the test substrate on the hook and lower itsufficiently into the dip tank to coat the panel to the desiredarea, using the cord. Place the other end of the cord around thepulley and give it one complete turn about the pulley. Attachthe counterbalance and start the motor.6.2 F
22、ollowing withdrawal from the emulsion, suspend thesubstrate on the hook or place it in a vertical position for 24 hunder standard conditions.TEST METHOD B. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH WITH A HAND APPLICATOR7. Apparatus7.1 Balance, capacity 50 g, with an accuracy of 60.05 g.7.2 Pipet, Mohr, 5
23、-mL, graduated in 0.1-mL divisions.7.3 Applicator, consisting of absorbent soft cheeseclothwashed to remove sizing, cut into 51-mm (2-in.) strips offour-ply cloth, trimmed to weigh 0.60 g, and folded twice.8. Procedure8.1 1.8 mils of polish on a 12 by 12 in. OVCT3will usuallyequate to an approximate
24、 rate of 2100 ft2/gal.8.2 Pipet the required amount of emulsion onto the center ofthe test panel. Place a cheesecloth strip over the solution andallow it to absorb the emulsion. Distribute the emulsion evenlyover the surface; then draw the cheesecloth downward once inseparate strokes until the entir
25、e panel is crossed with no morepressure than is exerted by the weight of the hand. Immediatelyplace the used cheesecloth in a ground-glass stoppered, taredweighing bottle, weigh, and calculate and record the net weightof the used wet applicator.8.3 To ensure a constant film thickness, the weight of
26、thespent applicators should not vary by more than 0.15 g. If theweight variation exceeds 0.15 g, the test panel should bediscarded.8.4 Dry the coated substrates for 18 to 24 h under standard-conditions before testing.9. Calculation9.1 Assuming 1 mL of the emulsion as equal to 1 g,calculate the weigh
27、t of emulsion applied to the test panel asfollows:Weight of emulsion on test panel, g 5 A10.60! 2 B (1)where:A = total weight of emulsion applied on applicator and testpanel, g, andB = weight of used wet applicator, g.TEST METHOD C. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH FILMS BY MANUAL DIP10. Apparatu
28、s10.1 Dip Tank, any tank with cover suitable for immersionof the substrate into the emulsion.11. Procedure11.1 Immerse the substrate completely into the dip tankcontaining the emulsion to be tested for 1 min. Then withdrawthe substrate as quickly as possible without touching the sidesof the vessel,
29、and place in a vertical position and allow to dryunder standard conditions for 24 h.11.2 If a two-coat application is required, reverse thesubstrate in drain drying so as to equalize the film thickness.TEST METHOD D. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH FILM BY THE BLADEAPPLICATOR12. Apparatus12.1 Bl
30、ade Applicator, 51-mm (2-in.) wide, sharp-edge,metal or plastic blade with a clearance of 0.203 mm (0.008 in.)(see Fig. 1).12.2 Pipet, Mohr, 5-mL with 0.1-mL graduations.13. Procedure13.1 Drop the proper quantity (see Note 1) of the emulsionsample onto the substrate that has been carefully leveled.T
31、ouch the center of the doctor blade applicator to the emulsion.Move the applicator from side to side so that the emulsioncovers the entire sharp edge. Spread the emulsion rapidly withthe applicator held vertically over a length of 4 in. (101.6 mm)by moving the applicator back and forth to produce a
32、uniformcoat 51 by 101.6 mm (2 by 4 in.), removing the applicator atthe center of a stroke.NOTE 1The approximate relationship of quantity of floor polish2On this equipment, the largest spindle is used.3OVCT tile may be obtained through Armstrong Flooring from various homeimprovement stores. The follo
33、wing Armstrong tile substrates have been found toperform adequately for this test method: Armstrong Excelon Feature Tile: Black(56790), http:/ 172applied to floor area covered is as follows:0.1 mL over 8 in.2. 2103 ft2/gal0.2 mL over 8 in.2. 1051 ft2/gal0.4 mL over 8 in.2. 526 ft2/gal13.2 Allow the
34、resultant film to dry 24 h under standardconditions.TEST METHOD E. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH BY POUR SURFACE14. Procedure14.1 Pour a small quantity (10 to 15 mL) of polish over thesubstrate which is held at a 45 angle. After pouring the polishon the surface and it is uniformly distributed,
35、 wipe off the beadformed at the bottom and allow to dry.14.2 Allow the resultant film to dry 24 h under standardconditions.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Each test method will produce replicate films from apolish sample. The same application method should be usedthroughout a test series in order to obta
36、in film uniformity.15.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor this test method for measuring the application of emulsionfloor polishes to substrates for testing purposes, bias has notbeen determined.16. Keywords16.1 application; applicator; blade applicator; cheesecloth;dip coate
37、r; emulsion; film; polishes; substrate; waxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
38、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
39、 of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
40、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtai
41、ned by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Equivalentsin. 0.00818 114 2mm 0.203 3 32 51FIG. 1 Blade ApplicatorD1436 173
