1、Designation: D1555 16Standard Test Method forCalculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Cyclohexane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard
3、is for use in calculating the weight andvolume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 300to 350F and 350 to 400F aromatic hydrocarbons, andcyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at60F from an observed volume at tF
4、. Table 1 lists the densityin Vacuo at 60F for chemicals used to develop the relation-ship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the truedensity (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without thebuoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representativeof the actual amount of product pres
5、ent. Densities (or weights)“in air” represent what would actually be measured on a scale.The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometersmeasure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the useof in vacuo densities (or weights).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regard
6、edas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 A complete SI unit companion standard has beendeveloped in Test Method D1555M.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
7、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1555M Test
8、 Method for Calculation of Volume and Weightof Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and CyclohexaneMetricD3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of PureLiquid ChemicalsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter2.2 Other Documents:America
9、n Petroleum Society Research Project 443Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C. Metrologia, 31, 1994, pp.277-288NSRDS-NIST 75-121 TRC Thermodynamic TablesHydrocarbons, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 200143. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculatingweights and volumes of
10、the products outlined in Section 1. Theinformation presented in this method can be used for deter-mining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons intanks, shipping containers, etc.4. Basic Data4.1 Densities of materials should be determined by mea-surement (see Section 7). Densities of p
11、ure materials at 60Fmay be estimated from densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST75-121 (National Standard Reference Data SeriesNationalInstitute of Standards and Technology).4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations pro-vided below were derived from the Volume Correction Tablespresented in the pre
12、vious edition of this standard, MethodD1555-95. Although reported as based on the AmericanPetroleum Institute Research Project 44, the actual documen-tation that could be found is incomplete. As regression of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbon
13、s and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and TheirDerivatives.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1555 09. DOI:10.1520/D1555
14、-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3“Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Relat
15、ed Compounds,”prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the ChemicalThermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A however there is no reason to change thisrecommendation. If, depending on the composition of theimpurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implem
16、en-tation procedures presented below do not apply to a particularimpure product, a separate implementation procedure shouldbe independently determined. This may be done by measuringthe density of a representative sample at different temperaturesthroughout the expected working temperature range, regr
17、essingthe data to obtain a temperature/density equation that bestreproduces the observed data, and then dividing the constantsof the temperature/density equation by the calculated density at60F.5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure5.1 The following general equation is used to generate
18、 theVolume Correction Factors:VCF 5 a1bt1ct21dt31et4(1)where:t = temperature in Fand constants a through e are specific to each compound(presented in Table 3).5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degreeFahrenheit.5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriatesignificant figures
19、 if it is to be reported and not rounded if to beused in another calculation. No intermediate rounding ortruncation should be done.5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 140F(150F for p-xylene).5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printedtable in a previous edition of thi
20、s standard (Method D1555-95)for determining VCFs. The implementation procedure is theStandard, not the printed table. However, the printed table isprovided in 1F increments for the users convenience (Table4).6. Use of the Implementation Procedure6.1 Convert Volume to 60FEnter the appropriate equa-ti
21、on with the temperature to the nearest 0.1 degree Fahrenheitat which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t).Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t by theVCF.6.1.1 Example 1What is the volume at 60F of a tank carof p-xylene whose volume was measured to be 9280 gal at amean temper
22、ature of 88.7F?6.1.1.1 Enter 88.7F and the appropriate constants fromTable 3 into Eq 1 to calculate a VCF of 0.984143256178277.Multiply the volume at 88.7F by the VCF to obtain thevolume at 60F.9280 gal 30.984143256178277 5 9,132.84941733442 or 9133 galIf this value is to be reported, it may be roun
23、ded as requiredby the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be usedfor additional calculations.TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesProductFreezingPointFBoilingPointFDensityin Vacuoat 60F g/ccA,BDensity in Vacuoat 60Flb/galCDensity in Airat 60Flb/galDBenzene 42.0 176.2 0.88373 7.3751 7.3662Cumene -140
24、.9 306.3 0.86538 7.2219 7.2130Cyclohexane 43.8 177.3 0.78265 6.5315 6.5225Ethylbenzene -139.0 277.1 0.87077 7.2669 7.2580Styrene -23.1 293.4 0.90979 7.5926 7.5837Toluene -139.0 231.1 0.87096 7.2685 7.2596m-Xylene -54.2 282.4 0.86784 7.2425 7.2336o-Xylene -13.3 291.9 0.88340 7.3723 7.3634p-Xylene 55.
25、9 281.0 0.86456 7.2151 7.2062ABased on regression of 2001 TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (April 30, 2001). The data is presented in Appendix X1.BSpecific Gravity has been deleted from this table as unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 60F density in g/cc by 0.99
26、9016 g/cc. See Appendix X2.CProduced by multiplying the density in vacuo at 60F in g/cc by 8.345404452 and rounding to 4 decimal places.DProduced using Density - g/cc in air 1.000149926 0.001199407795) 8.345404452, rounding to 4 decimal places. See Appendix X3.TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementa
27、tion ProcedureImpure Products RangeBenzene 95 to 100%Cumene 95 to 100%Cyclohexane 90 to 100%Ethylbenzene 95 to 100%Styrene 95 to 100%Toluene 95 to 100%Mixed Xylenes All proportionsm-Xylene 95 to 100%o-Xylene 95 to 100%p -Xylene 94 to 100%300-350F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions350-400F Aromati
28、c Hydrocarbons All proportionsD1555 1626.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed inTable 1Convert the measured bulk volume to gallons at 60Fas described in 6.1. Determine the density (all weights invacuo) at 60F in grams per milliliter (equivalent to grams percubic centimeter and kilogram
29、s per liter) as described inSection 7. To obtain the weight multiply the density in poundper gallon and the volume in gallons. To obtain the density inpounds per gallon in vacuo multiple the measured density by8.345404452. To obtain the pounds per gallon in air at 60F,use the following equation to d
30、etermine the pound per gallon inair, refer to Appendix X3.Dlb per gallon in air at 60 F5 1.000149926 3Din vacuo at 60 F2 0.00119940779543# 38.345404452To obtain the weight in pounds, multiply the density inpounds per gallon by the volume in gallons.6.2.1 The density of the p-xylene in Example 1 was
31、deter-mined by Test Method D4052 to be 0.8646 g/mL (in vacuo)at60F. The weight is:9280 gal 30.984143256178277 3 8.345404452 30.86465 65.897.4967627663 lbin vacuoor9280 gal 30.984143256178277 38.3454044523 1.000149926 3 0.8646 2 0.0011994077951#5 65,815.960860521 lbin airIf this value is to be report
32、ed, it may be rounded as requiredby the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be usedfor additional calculations.7. Density Determination7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by anyprocedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. TestMethods D1217, D3505, and D4052 are suitable a
33、nd arewritten to give density in vacuo. They should be used withcaution, however, as they may be using older data than thatupon which this standard is based upon.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Since this is a calculation method, no precision and biasstatement is required.9. Keywords9.1 aromatic; benzene;
34、calculation; conversion; cumene;density; ethylbenzene; in air; in vacuo; m-xylene; mixedxylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; specific gravity; styrene; 300 to350F aromatic hydrocarbons; 350 to 400F aromatic hydro-carbons; toluene; volume; weightTABLE 3 VCF ConstantsProduct a b c d EBenzene 1.038382492 -6.230
35、7 10-4-2.8505 10-71.2692 10-100Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 10-4-9.5067 10-83.6272 10-110Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 10-4-1.4582 10-71.03538 10-100Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 10-48.37035 10-10-1.2692 10-95.55061 10-12Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 10-4-4.4323 10-800Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 10
36、-42.46508 10-9-7.2802 10-120m-XyleneA1.031887514 -5.2326 10-4-1.3253 10-7-7.35960 10-110o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 10-4-2.5217 10-9-2.13840 10-100p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 10-4-1.8416 10-71.89256 10-100300-350F 1.031118000 -5.1827 10-4-3.5109 10-9-1.98360 10-110350-400F 1.029099000 -4.8287 10-4
37、-3.7692 10-83.78575 10-110Aand Mixed Xylenes.D1555 163TABLE 4 Volume Correction FactorsVolume Correction to 60FTemperatureFBenzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluenem-XyleneandMixedXyleneso-Xylene p-Xylene300 to 350AromaticHydrocarbons350 to 400AromaticHydrocarbons-5.0 . . . . . 1.03827
38、 . . . . .-4.0 . . . . . 1.03768 . . . . .-3.0 . . . . . 1.03709 . . . . .-2.0 . . . . . 1.03650 . . . . .-1.0 . . . . . 1.03591 . . . . .0.0 . . . . . 1.03532 . . . . .1.0 . . . . . 1.03473 . . . . .2.0 . . . . . 1.03415 . . . . .3.0 . . . . . 1.03356 . . . . .4.0 . . . . . 1.03297 . . . . .5.0 . 1
39、.02973 . 1.03058 . 1.03238 1.02927 1.02882 . 1.02853 1.026686.0 . 1.02919 . 1.03003 . 1.03179 1.02874 1.02830 . 1.02801 1.026207.0 . 1.02866 . 1.02948 . 1.03120 1.02822 1.02778 . 1.02749 1.025728.0 . 1.02812 . 1.02893 . 1.03061 1.02769 1.02725 . 1.02697 1.025239.0 . 1.02758 . 1.02837 . 1.03002 1.027
40、17 1.02673 . 1.02645 1.0247510.0 . 1.02705 . 1.02782 . 1.02944 1.02664 1.02621 . 1.02593 1.0242711.0 . 1.02651 . 1.02727 . 1.02885 1.02612 1.02568 . 1.02542 1.0237812.0 . 1.02597 . 1.02672 . 1.02826 1.02559 1.02516 . 1.02490 1.0233013.0 . 1.02544 . 1.02616 . 1.02767 1.02506 1.02464 . 1.02438 1.02282
41、14.0 . 1.02490 . 1.02561 . 1.02708 1.02454 1.02411 . 1.02386 1.0223315.0 . 1.02436 . 1.02506 1.02420 1.02649 1.02401 1.02359 . 1.02334 1.0218516.0 . 1.02383 . 1.02450 1.02367 1.02590 1.02348 1.02307 . 1.02282 1.0213617.0 . 1.02329 . 1.02395 1.02313 1.02531 1.02295 1.02254 . 1.02231 1.0208818.0 . 1.0
42、2275 . 1.02340 1.02259 1.02472 1.02243 1.02202 . 1.02179 1.0204019.0 . 1.02221 . 1.02284 1.02206 1.02414 1.02190 1.02150 . 1.02127 1.0199120.0 . 1.02167 . 1.02229 1.02152 1.02355 1.02137 1.02097 . 1.02075 1.0194321.0 . 1.02114 . 1.02174 1.02098 1.02296 1.02084 1.02045 . 1.02023 1.0189422.0 . 1.02060
43、 . 1.02118 1.02045 1.02237 1.02031 1.01993 . 1.01971 1.0184623.0 . 1.02006 . 1.02063 1.01991 1.02178 1.01978 1.01940 . 1.01920 1.0179724.0 . 1.01952 . 1.02007 1.01938 1.02119 1.01925 1.01888 . 1.01868 1.0174925.0 . 1.01898 . 1.01952 1.01884 1.02060 1.01872 1.01836 . 1.01816 1.0170026.0 . 1.01844 . 1
44、.01896 1.01830 1.02001 1.01819 1.01783 . 1.01764 1.0165227.0 . 1.01790 . 1.01841 1.01777 1.01943 1.01766 1.01731 . 1.01712 1.0160328.0 . 1.01736 . 1.01785 1.01723 1.01884 1.01713 1.01679 . 1.01660 1.0155529.0 . 1.01682 . 1.01730 1.01669 1.01825 1.01660 1.01626 . 1.01608 1.0150630.0 . 1.01628 . 1.016
45、74 1.01615 1.01766 1.01607 1.01574 . 1.01557 1.0145831.0 . 1.01574 . 1.01619 1.01562 1.01707 1.01554 1.01521 . 1.01505 1.0140932.0 . 1.01520 . 1.01563 1.01508 1.01648 1.01501 1.01469 . 1.01453 1.0136133.0 . 1.01466 . 1.01508 1.01454 1.01589 1.01447 1.01417 . 1.01401 1.0131234.0 . 1.01412 . 1.01452 1
46、.01401 1.01530 1.01394 1.01364 . 1.01349 1.0126435.0 . 1.01358 . 1.01397 1.01347 1.01472 1.01341 1.01312 . 1.01297 1.0121536.0 . 1.01304 . 1.01341 1.01293 1.01413 1.01287 1.01259 . 1.01245 1.0116737.0 . 1.01250 . 1.01285 1.01239 1.01354 1.01234 1.01207 . 1.01194 1.0111838.0 . 1.01196 . 1.01230 1.011
47、85 1.01295 1.01181 1.01155 . 1.01142 1.0107039.0 . 1.01142 . 1.01174 1.01132 1.01236 1.01127 1.01102 . 1.01090 1.0102140.0 . 1.01087 . 1.01118 1.01078 1.01177 1.01074 1.01050 . 1.01038 1.0097341.0 . 1.01033 . 1.01063 1.01024 1.01118 1.01021 1.00997 . 1.00986 1.0092442.0 . 1.00979 . 1.01007 1.00970 1
48、.01059 1.00967 1.00945 . 1.00934 1.0087543.0 1.01107 1.00925 1.00951 1.00916 1.01001 1.00914 1.00892 . 1.00882 1.0082744.0 1.01043 1.00870 1.01058 1.00895 1.00863 1.00942 1.00860 1.00840 . 1.00831 1.0077845.0 1.00978 1.00816 1.00992 1.00840 1.00809 1.00883 1.00807 1.00788 . 1.00779 1.0073046.0 1.009
49、13 1.00762 1.00926 1.00784 1.00755 1.00824 1.00753 1.00735 . 1.00727 1.0068147.0 1.00848 1.00708 1.00860 1.00728 1.00701 1.00765 1.00699 1.00683 . 1.00675 1.0063248.0 1.00783 1.00653 1.00794 1.00672 1.00647 1.00706 1.00646 1.00630 . 1.00623 1.0058449.0 1.00718 1.00599 1.00728 1.00616 1.00593 1.00647 1.00592 1.00578 . 1.00571 1.0053550.0 1.00653 1.00545 1.00662 1.00560 1.00539 1.00589 1.00538 1.00525 . 1.00519 1.0048751.0 1.00588 1.00490 1.00596 1.00504 1.00486 1.00
