1、Designation: D 1634 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forCompressive Strength of Soil-Cement Using Portions ofBeams Broken in Flexure (Modified Cube Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-pressive s
3、trength of soil-cement, using for test specimensportions of beams broken in flexure in accordance with TestMethod D 1635.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units, which are provided forinform
4、ation only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitationalsystem of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unitof force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. Theconverted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)calculations are inv
5、olved.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refere
6、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Com-pression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Laboratory3D 1633 Test Method for Compressive Strength of MoldedSoil-Cement CylindersD 1635 Test Method for
7、Flexural Strength of Soil-CementUsing Simple Beam with Third-Point LoadingD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3
8、.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, referto Terminology D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratoryand as a research tool for determining relative compressivestrength values for various soil-cement mixtures. It is notinte
9、nded as an alternative for Test Method D 1633 and the testvalues obtained by these two test methods are not interchange-able and not necessarily comparable. A comparison ofstrengths obtained by Test Methods D 1633 and D 1634 isgiven in Footnote 4.4NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this sta
10、ndard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecaution
11、ed that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Compression Testing MachineThe testing machinemay be of any type having sufficient capacity
12、and control toprovide the rate of loading prescribed in 7.2. It shall conformto the requirements of Section 15 of Practices E4. The testingmachine shall be equipped with a spherically seated head blockhaving a bearing surface of at least 75 % of the width of thespecimen but not greatly in excess of
13、the width of thespecimen. The movable portion of this block shall be heldclosely in the spherical seat, but the design shall be such thatthe bearing face can be rotated freely and tilted through smallangles in any direction.5.2 Bearing PlatesSquare, hardened steel bearing plates19 mm (34 in.) thick
14、with side dimensions of 76.2 6 0.13 mm(3 6 0.005 in.) (for standard beam). The bearing faces when1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization byAdmixtures.Current edition approved May 1, 2006
15、. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1634 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
16、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Felt, E. J., Abrams, M. S., Strength and Elastic Properties of CompactedSoil-Cement Mixtures, ASTM STP 206, ASTM, 1957.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
17、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.new shall not depart from a plane by more than 0.013 mm(0.0005 in.) at any point, and they shall be maintained withina permissible variation of 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).NOTE 2It is desirable that the bearing faces of plates used forcompression testing
18、 of soil-cement have a Rockwell hardness of not lessthan HRC 60.6. Test Specimens6.1 The standard size beams from which broken portions areselected for the compression test shall be 76 by 76 by 290 mm(3by3by1114 in.), but a similar test method may be used fortesting specimens from other beam sizes.
19、The beam-endspecimens shall have a length at least 25 mm (1 in.) greaterthan their depth and shall be free from cracks, chippedsurfaces, or other obvious defects. Test the specimens on theirsides with respect to their molded position.6.2 During the interval between testing of specimens asbeams and t
20、esting the broken portions as cubes, keep thespecimens at a constant water content by suitable protection.6.3 Determine the width (original height) of the standardspecimen at the point where the test will be made to the nearest0.25 mm (0.01 in.) if it is less than 76.2 mm (3.00 in.);otherwise take i
21、t equal to 76.2 mm (3 in.). Take the lengthequal to 76.2 mm (3 in.). Calculate the cross-sectional area.6.4 Check the smoothness of the faces with a straightedge.If necessary, cap the faces to meet the requirements of thesection on Capping Specimens of Practice D 1632. The capsshall cover the full w
22、idth of the specimen and shall be of suchlength as to permit adjustment of the bearing plates for the testso that the upper bearing plate may be placed directly over thelower bearing plate.7. Procedure7.1 Place the specimen on its side between the hardenedsteel bearing plates directly under the sphe
23、rically seated headof the testing machine, making certain that the vertical axis ofthe specimen is aligned with the center of thrust of the head.Use a device such as a guide template to ensure that the upperbearing plate is directly over the lower bearing plate. As thespherically seated head is brou
24、ght to bear on the top bearingplate, rotate its movable portion gently by hand so that uniformseating is obtained.7.2 Apply the load continuously and without shock.Ascrewpower testing machine, with the moving head operating atapproximately 0.02 mm/s (0.05 in./min) when the machine isrunning idle, ma
25、y be used. With hydraulic machines, adjust theloading to a constant rate within the limits of 140 6 70 kPa/s(20 6 10 psi), depending upon the strength of the specimen.Record the total load at failure of the specimen to the nearest45 N (10 lbf).8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the unit compressive strengt
26、h of the specimenby dividing the maximum load by the cross-sectional areadetermined as described in 6.3.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Specimen identification number,9.1.2 Width and length of test area, mm (in.),9.1.3 Cross-sectional area, mm2(in.2),9.1.4 Maximum load, to the ne
27、arest 40 N (10 lbf),9.1.5 Compressive strength, calculated to the nearest 35 kPa(5 psi),9.1.6 Age of specimen, and9.1.7 Details of curing and conditioning periods, and watercontent at time of test.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen established by an int
28、erlaboratory test program. However,based on test data that are available, the following may serve asa guide to the variability of compressive strength by themodified cube method.10.1.1 Tests were performed in a single laboratory on a siltloam soil with 92 % passing the No. 200 sieve. Liquid limitand
29、 plasticity index of soil were 26 and 7, respectively. Theseries of tests consisted of 24 specimens, 12 at 6 % cement and12 at 14 % cement. The specimens were cured in a moist roomat 23C (73 F) for 28 days. Results4of tests on the 76 by 76mm (3 by 3-in.) modified cubes are given in Table 1.10.2 Bias
30、There is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.11. Keywords11.1 soil-cement; soil stabilization; unconfined compressivestrengthTABLE 1 PrecisionAveragecompressivestrength, psiStandarddeviation,psiCoefficient ofvariation,%Specimens with 6 % cement 473 3
31、5 7.4Specimens with 14 % cement 887 47 5.3D 1634 00 (2006)2SUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last edition (95) that may impact the use of the standard.(1) Section 1 Inserted as 1.2 statement on units a
32、ndrenumbered section 1.2 to 1.3.(2) Section 2.1 Inserted references to D 653 and D 3740.(3) Section 2.1 Updated title of E4reference.(4) New section 3 Inserted new section 3 Terminologywith reference to D 653 for terms. Renumbered subsequentsections as needed.(5) Renumbered section 4 Inserted as Not
33、e 1 standardreference to D 3740 and renumbered remaining notes asneeded.(6) Renumbered sections 5.2, 6.1, 6.3, 7.2, 9.1.2, 9.1.3, 9.1.4,9.1.5 and 10.1.1 placed SI units first and places inch-poundunits in parentheses.(7) Added Summary of Changes section.(8) Corrected headquarters address for ASTMAST
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35、tirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsa
36、nd should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee
37、on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1634 00 (2006)3
