1、Designation: D1655 12aD1655 13 An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of pu
3、rchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuelunder contract.1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft anddescribes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft
4、 and engines.The specification can be used as a standard in describingthe quality of aviation turbine fuels from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of usemay permit a wider, or requ
5、ire a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.4 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designedand certified for this fuel.1.5 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbin
6、e fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special AirworthinessInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification forJet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
7、No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup T
8、esterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for
9、 Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
10、 Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator
11、 AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)31 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
12、ommittee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.01on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published March 2013June 2013. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asD165512.12a. D
13、OI: 10.1520/D1655-12a.10.1520/D1655-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved ve
14、rsion of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all
15、changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Poin
17、t of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2
18、892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate
19、Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3
20、343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Sepa
21、ration Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176
22、Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Tra
23、ce ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test
24、Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
25、(BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particul
26、ate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Tran
27、sition Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum DistillatesHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for
28、Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine FuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freez
29、ing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static Dissipater Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle DistillateFuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesi
30、zed HydrocarbonsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviatio
31、n turbine fuel Jet evaporation methodIP 585 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), derived from bio-diesel fuel, in aviation turbine fuel GC-MS with4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.D1655 132selective ion monitoring
32、/scan detection methodIP 590 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in aviation fuelHPLC evaporative light scattering detector method2.3 ANSI Standard:5ANSI 863 Report of Test Results2.4 Other Standards:Defence Standard (Def Stan) 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosine Type, Jet A-16IATA Gu
33、idance Material on Microbiological Contamination in Aircraft Fuel Tanks Ref. No: 9680-027EN14214 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines - Requirements and test methods83. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of av
34、iation turbine fuel at the time and placeof delivery.4. Classification4.1 Two types of aviation turbine fuels are provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet A and Jet A-1Relatively high flash point distillates of the kerosine type.4.2 JetAand JetA-1 represent two grades of kerosine fuel that differ in freezing
35、point. Other grades would be suitably identified.4.3 This specification previously cited the requirements for Jet B. Requirements for Jet B fuel now appear in SpecificationD6615.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel is a complex mixture predominantly composed of hydrocarbons and vari
36、es depending on crude sourceand manufacturing process. Consequently, it is impossible to define the exact composition of Jet A/A-1. This specification hastherefore evolved primarily as a performance specification rather than a compositional specification. It is acknowledged that thislargely relies o
37、n accumulated experience; therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels to those made from conventionalsources or by specifically approved processes.5.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refinedhydrocarbons (see N
38、ote 1) derived from conventional sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shaleoil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted only in accordance with AnnexA1.NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace leve
39、ls of materials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, andnitrogenous compounds.5.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the type certification
40、 program for that aircraft and engine model. Additives tobe used as supplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4 and X1.15.1).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviation turbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in Table
41、2or the following list of approved material:5.2.1 Other additives are permitted under 5.1 and 7.1. These include fuel performance enhancing additives and fuel handing andmaintenance additives as found under Table 2. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by thep
42、urchaser. Only additives approved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.1.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage. Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status ofthe additive and associated conditions mu
43、st be checked for the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III, maybe used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D5006 may be
44、used to determine the concentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Incidental MaterialsIncidental materials are chemicals and compositions that can occur in turbine fuels as a result ofproduction, processing, distribution, or storage. Table 3 lists specific materials that have an agreed limit. Spec
45、ification D1655 doesnot require that each batch of fuel be analyzed for incidental materials where there is essentially no risk of contamination exceedingTable 3 limits. Where a supplier risk assessment suggests that incidental materials could exceed Table 3 limits, jet fuel should be5 Available fro
46、m American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.6 Available from Procurement Executive DFS (Air), Ministry of Defence, St. Giles Court 1, St. Giles High St., London WC2H 8LD.7 Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA), (Head Office) 8
47、00 Place Victoria, PO Box 113, Montreal, H4Z 1M1, Quebec, C.8 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.D1655 133confirmed to comply with Table 3 limits prior to airport supply because airports generally are not eq
48、uipped to mitigate incidentalmaterial content that exceeds specification limits. Further guidance concerning these materials is presented in X1.16.5.4 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X2 concerning the need to control processing additives in jet fuel production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1
49、The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods.To determine conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may be roundedTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Turbine FuelsAProperty Jet A or Jet A-1 ASTM Test MethodBCOMPOSITIONAcidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D32421. Aromatics, vol % max 25 D13192. Aromatics, vol % max 26.5 D63
