1、Designation: D 1831 00 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forRoll Stability of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method
3、covers determination of the changes inthe consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricat-ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units for the apparatusdimensions are to be regarded as standard; the SI conversionsare provided for in
4、formation only. All other values stated in SIunits are standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
5、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petro
6、leum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubricants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface t
7、ension and other physical forces. Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included. D 2173.1.2 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D 41753.1.3 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided
8、 particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The
9、 generalrequirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D 2173.1.4 consistency, nof lubricating grease, the degree ofresistance to movement under stress.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe te
10、rm consistency is used some-what synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistencyrefers to the worked penetration of a grease. D 2173.1.5 penetration, nof lubricating grease, the depth thatthe standard cone, when released to fall under its own weightfor 5 s, enters the sample. D 2173.1.6 workin
11、g, nof lubricating grease, the subjection of asample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker.D 2173.1.7 worked penetration, nof lubricating grease, thepenetration at 25C (77F), without delay, of a sample after 60double strokes in a standard grease worker. D 2173.2 Definitions of Terms S
12、pecific to This Standard:3.2.1 roll stability, nof lubricating grease, the change inconsistency of a sample after a specified amount of working ina test apparatus utilizing a weighted roller inside a rotatingcylinder.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The Test Methods D 1403 cone penetration of an ap-prox
13、imately 50-g aliquot of lubricating grease is determined.The grease is then subjected to low shear at 20 to 35C (68 to95F) for 2 h 6 5 min in a standard roll stability apparatus,before the cone penetration is again measured. The difference1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、 D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1831 00e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
16、nited States.between the cone penetration before working and the conepenetration after is used as a measure of the effect of low shearworking on grease consistency.5. Significance and Use5.1 The roll stability test is widely used in specifications.Test results are significant insofar as they can sho
17、w a direc-tional change in consistency that could occur in service. Noaccurate correlation is established between the test results andshear stability in actual service.6. Apparatus6.1 Roll Stability Test Apparatus, capable of rotating a steelcylinder and 5 6 0.05 kg roller weight at a rolling speed
18、of 1656 15 rpm. One such example of a suitable apparatus is shownin Fig. 1.6.2 One-Quarter or One-Half Scale Cone and Shaft withWorker, as described in Test Methods D 1403.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the worked penetration in accordance withTest Methods D 1403.7.2 Transfer 50 g of the unworked grease
19、to the testcylinder. Distribute the grease uniformly on the inside wall ofthe cylinder with a spatula. Place the weighted roll in thecylinder and tighten the cap.7.3 Mount the cylinder in position, start the machine, andrecord the time and room temperature which should be limitedto 20 to 35C (68 to
20、95F). If the cylinder is enclosed within acabinet, the temperature around the cylinder shall be main-tained at 20 to 35C (68 to 95F).7.4 After rolling for 2 h 6 5 min, remove the grease fromthe cylinder promptly and proceed with the requirements ofworked penetration in Test Methods D 1403. Record th
21、eworked penetration.After transferring the grease to the worker,clean the roll stability test apparatus by wiping with clean clothor tissue.7.5 Convert the fractional scale penetration values deter-mined by Test Methods D 1403 (before and after rolling) intothe equivalent full scale cone penetration
22、 values using theappropriate equations described in Test Methods D 1403.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the change in consistency of the sample asfollows:Penetrationchange 5 P22 P1(1)where:P2= final full-scale penetration reading, andP1= initial full-scale penetration reading.NOTE 1Penetration readings
23、are measured in tenths of a millimetre.Anegative penetration change indicates hardening of a grease while apositive penetration change indicates softening.9. Report9.1 The value calculated in 8.1 is reported as the change inconsistency.10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision of this test method is
24、 not known to havebeen obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines(for example in Committee D02 research report RR: D02-1007, “Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTMMethods on Petroleum Products and Lubricants”).10.2 The precision of the test method (Note 2) as deter-mined by st
25、atistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:NOTE 2The criteria for repeatability and reproducibility are based onthe spread in the numbers after conversion to the full-scale units describedin Test Methods D 1403. Precision of this test method was establishedusing the one-quarter sc
26、ale equipment, but based on the precision valuesin Test Methods D 1403, the precision of this test should be at least asgood or better using the one-half scale equipment.10.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant
27、operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:Range of Sample RepeatabilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 11 penetration unitstenths of a millimetre10.2.2 Reproducibil
28、ityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:Range of Sampl
29、e ReproducibilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 45 penetration unitstenths of a millimetre10.3 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D 1831 has nobias because the value of the change in penetration can bedefined only in terms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1 cone penetration; consistency; lubricating gre
30、ase; pen-etration; roll stability; shear stability3No Research Report is on file because this test method was developed beforeResearch Report guidelines were instituted and the round-robin data are no longeravailable.4National Lubricating Grease Inst. 4635 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, MO 64112.D 1831
31、 00 (2006)2NOTESI Equivalents:Inches Millimetres0.010 0.25238 60.3333564 90.0961516 176.217332 180.18FIG. 1 Roll Stability TesterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
32、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
33、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which yo
34、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1831 00 (2006)3
