1、Designation: D1831 18Standard Test Method forRoll Stability of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes inthe co
3、nsistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricat-ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Th
4、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 T
5、his international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trad
6、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and Lu
7、bricants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 consistency, n of lubricating grease, the degree ofresistance to movement under stress.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term consistency is used somewhatsynonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refersto the worked penetration of a grease. D2173.1.2 lubri
8、cant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D41753.1.3 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobiliz
9、es the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included. D2173.1.4 penetration, nof lubricating grease, the depth thatthe standard cone enters the sample when released to fall underits own weight for 5 s. D2173.1.5 thicken
10、er, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or,
11、at the most, onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The generalrequirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D2173.1.6 worked penetration, nof lubricating grease,
12、thepenetration at 25 C (77 F), without delay, of a sample after60 double strokes in a standard grease worker. D2173.1.7 working, nof lubricating grease, the subjection of asample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker.D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 roll st
13、ability, nof lubricating grease, the change inconsistency of a sample after a specified amount of working ina test apparatus utilizing a weighted roller inside a rotatingcylinder.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The Test Methods D1403 cone penetration of an ap-proximately 50 g aliquot of lubricating gre
14、ase is determined.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Or
15、iginally approvedin 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1831 11. DOI: 10.1520/D1831-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do
16、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogn
17、ized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1The grease is then subjected to low shear at 20 C to 35 C for2h6
18、5 min in a standard roll stability apparatus, before thecone penetration is again measured. The difference between thecone penetration before working and the cone penetration afteris used as a measure of the effect of low shear working ongrease consistency.5. Significance and Use5.1 The roll stabili
19、ty test is widely used in specifications.Test results are significant insofar as they can show a direc-tional change in consistency that could occur in service. Noaccurate correlation is established between the test results andshear stability in actual service.6. Apparatus6.1 Roll Stability Test App
20、aratus, capable of rotating a steelcylinder and 5 kg 6 0.05 kg roller weight at a rolling speed of165 r min 6 15 r min. One such example of a suitable appa-ratus is shown in Fig. 1.6.2 One-Quarter or One-Half Scale Cone and Shaft withWorker, as described in Test Methods D1403.7. Procedure7.1 Determi
21、ne the worked penetration in accordance withTest Methods D1403.7.2 Transfer 50 g 6 1 g of the unworked grease to the testcylinder. Distribute the grease uniformly on the inside wall ofthe cylinder with a spatula. Place the weighted roll in thecylinder and tighten the cap.7.3 Mount the cylinder in po
22、sition, start the machine, andrecord the time and room temperature which should be limitedto 20 C to 35 C. If the cylinder is enclosed within a cabinet,the temperature around the cylinder shall be maintained at20 C to 35 C.7.4 After rolling for 2 h 6 5 min, remove the grease fromthe cylinder promptl
23、y and proceed with the requirements ofworked penetration in Test Methods D1403. Record theworked penetration.After transferring the grease to the worker,clean the roll stability test apparatus by wiping with clean clothor tissue.7.5 Convert the fractional scale penetration values deter-mined by Test
24、 Methods D1403 (before and after rolling) intoNOTE 1SI Equivalents:Inches Millimetres0.010 0.25238 60.3333564 90.0961516 176.217332 180.18FIG. 1 Roll Stability TesterD1831 182the equivalent full scale cone penetration values using theappropriate equations described in Test Methods D1403.8. Calculati
25、on8.1 Calculate the change in consistency of the sample asfollows:Penetration change 5 P22 P1(1)where:P2= final full-scale penetration reading, andP1= initial full-scale penetration reading.NOTE 1Penetration readings are measured in tenths of a millimetre. Anegative penetration change indicates hard
26、ening of a grease while apositive penetration change indicates softening.9. Report9.1 The value calculated in 8.1 is reported as the change inconsistency.10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision of this test method is not known to havebeen obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines(f
27、or example in Committee D02 research report RR:D02-1007,“Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methodson Petroleum Products and Lubricants”).10.2 The precision of the test method (Note 2) as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:NOTE 2The criteria for
28、 repeatability and reproducibility are based onthe spread in the numbers after conversion to the full-scale units describedin Test Methods D1403. Precision of this test method was establishedusing the one-quarter scale equipment, but based on the precision valuesin Test Methods D1403, the precision
29、of this test should be at least as goodor better using the one-half scale equipment.10.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two testresults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and
30、 correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:Range of Sample RepeatabilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 11 penetration unitstenths of a millimetre10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operat
31、ors work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:Range of Sample ReproducibilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 45 penetration unitstenths of a millimetr
32、e10.3 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D1831 has nobias because the value of the change in penetration can bedefined only in terms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1 cone penetration; consistency; lubricating grease; pen-etration; roll stability; shear stabilitySUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.G0 h
33、as identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D1831 11) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2018.)(1) Revised definition of penetration.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connect
34、ion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsibl
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36、ideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 B
37、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM webs
38、ite(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ research report is on file because this test method was developed beforeresearch report guidelines were instituted and the round-robin data are no longeravailable.4NLGI International Headquarters, 4635 Wyandotte St., Suite 202, Kansas City,MO 64112.D1831 183
