1、Designation: D2050 111Standard Terminology Relating toFasteners and Closures Used with Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEA term was added editorially in September 2016.1. Scope1.1 This terminology document covers terminology pertain-ing to items that are conside
3、red fasteners and closures such asbuttons, hook and loop touch fasteners, snap fasteners and slidefasteners used in the manufacture of textile products, except forseams and stitches.1.2 Section 3, Terminology, is categorized into foursubsections, specific to the four areas of specialization underthi
4、s document:1.2.1 Relating to Buttons1.2.2 Relating Hook and Loop Touch Fasteners1.2.3 Relating to Snap Fasteners1.2.4 Relating to Slide Fasteners1.3 Terminology relating specifically to buttons covers spe-cial terms or special meanings used in the button industry.These apply only to sew-through flan
5、ge and shank buttons.1.3.1 The principal types of buttons defined in this termi-nology document are illustrated in Figs. 1-8.1.3.2 These figures are descriptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive as to design.1.4 Terminology relating specifically to snap fasteners in-cludes illustration of p
6、rong-ring attached fastener parts in Fig.9.1.4.1 These figures are descriptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive as to design.1.5 Terminology relating specifically to the principle partsof slide fasteners defined in this terminology are illustrated inFigs. 10-19.1.5.1 These figures are desc
7、riptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive as to design.1.6 Terminology relating specifically to the textile joiningstructures (seams and stitches) are discussed in detail inTerminology D5646.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
8、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1230 Test Method for Flammability
9、of Apparel TextilesD2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for ZippersD4846 Test Method for Resistance to Unsnapping of SnapFastenersD5169 Test Method for Shear Strength (Dynamic Method)of Hook and Loop Touch FastenersD5171 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Plastic Sew-Through ButtonsD5646 Terminol
10、ogy Relating to Seams and Stitches Used inHome SewingD7142 Test Method for Holding Strength of Prong-RingAttached Snap Fasteners3. TerminologyRELATING TO BUTTONSassembled button, na decorative button consisting of com-binations of similar or dissimilar materials, such as plasticand metal or metal an
11、d metal, which have been joinedtogether by such processes as gluing, swedging or metalstamping.bridge, nthe area of a button between the holes partiallycovered by the sewing threads with dimensions varyingupon design and end use.button, na knot, disc, or similar object which when forcedthrough a nar
12、row opening or buttonhole, fastens one part ofa garment or other flexible substrate to another. D51711This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies. Thesedefinitions were developed in cooperation wi
13、th the American Fastener and ClosureAssn. Inc.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2050 09. DOI:10.1520/D2050-11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1DISCUSSIONAlthough the primary pu
15、rpose of buttons is to serve asfasteners, buttons can also be used as decoration. D5171centrifugal cast button, nsee rotation cast pression molding, nthe method of molding a materialalready in a confined cavity by applying pressure and pression molded button, na button or button blankwhich is produc
16、ed by compression molding thermoset-molding compounds such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, styrene-modified polyester, or any combina-tion thereof. This method using styrene modified polyesterresin, and having in its formulation pearlescent pigmentswhich are oriented in the molding proc
17、ess, form a button orbutton blank which resembles natural shell.drycleanable button, na button that can be solvent-cleanedwithout damage such as dissolving or loss of finish.electroplated button, nplastic buttons which have beenmade conductive by chemical treatment followed by theelectroplating of m
18、etallic coatings.DISCUSSIONIn buttons, plastics such as polyester, acetate, ABS,melamine, and urea formaldehyde are the materials usually electro-plated.fabricate, vin buttons, the conversion of a blank into acompleted button.DISCUSSIONFabricating may require the turning of the face or backof the bu
19、tton with shaping tools, the drilling of sewing holes, and ifrequired the grinding, slotting and any other decorative tooling or shankinsertion which may be required.face, nin buttons, that portion which will be exposed afterattachment to the substrate.finish, nin buttons, the surface condition or t
20、exture.hole spacing, n on a button, the distance from the center ofone hole to another.impact resistance, nresistance to fracture under the suddenapplication of an external force. D5171injection molded button, na method of forming whichrequires the filling of a cavity under pressure with polymerthat
21、 will take the form of the mold when cooled.FIG. 1 Sew-Through Flange ButtonFIG. 2 Sew-Through ShankFIG. 3 Pin ShankFIG. 4 ”U” ShankFIG. 5 Stab or Screw Shank Staple ButtonsFIG. 6 Bell Shank Staple ButtonsFIG. 7 Toggle Staple Attached ButtonsFIG. 8 Ring Staple Attached ButtonsD2050 1112injection mol
22、ding, nthe process of forming a material byforcing it, in a fluid state under pressure, through a runnersystem (sprue, runner, gate(s) into the cavity of a closedmold.laundering, na process used to refurbish a textile product orparts thereof by (1) cleaning it in water containing a cleaningagent, an
23、d possibly bleach, (2) drying it, and (3) usuallyironing or pressing it.laundering, nin textile product care, a process intended toremove soils by treatment (washing) with an aqueousdetergent solution (and possibly bleach) and nominallyincluding subsequent rinsing, extraction, and drying. D1230laund
24、erability, nthe ability of a button to undergo multiplecycles of laundering without damage such as cracks or lossof finish.ligne, na unit of measure for button; one ligne equals 0.635mm (0.025 in.).luster, nin buttons, the degree of brilliance exhibited inpearlized or pearl buttons.metal cast button
25、, na button produced by the casting ofmolten metals and metal alloys into single-cavity ormultiple-cavity molds.DISCUSSIONCast metal buttons can be electroplated and treated toproduce other finishes.FIG. 9 Prong-ring Attached Fastener PartsFIG. 10 Bottom StopFIG. 11 Bridge StopFIG. 12 Top StopD2050
26、1113orientation, n in buttons, the degree of order and spatialalignment of pearlescent pigment crystals internally or in acoating.pearlized, nin buttons, the addition of synthetic or naturalpearlescent pigments to the button resin formulation or to theformulation used for coating.DISCUSSIONButtons e
27、xhibiting a pearl-like luster are made in eitherof two ways: (1) by incorporating pearlescent pigments into the resinformulation prior to casting or molding the button, or (2) by applyingto the button an external coating containing pearlescent pigments eitherby spraying or dipping.ring, nin buttons,
28、 a split ring used to fasten a staple attachedbutton to the substrate.rod cast button, na button fabricated from a disk sliced orsawed from a cast rod of formulated styrene-modifiedpolyester resin.DISCUSSIONFormulated styrene-modified polyester resin is cast intoaluminum or glass tubes which are sea
29、led at one end. The flaccid orrigid rod formed after gelation is removed from the tube and sliced orsawed into button blanks. The blanks are then fully polymerized(cured) in hot brine solution and fabricated into buttons. This method isused for buttons which are mottled, and multicolored.rotation ca
30、st button, na button fabricated from a diskblanked from a partially polymerized sheet formed in arotating cylinder (also known as centrifugal casting andwheel casting).DISCUSSIONA resin mix prepared with catalyzed, promoted, andpigmented styrene-modified polyester resin is poured into a rotatingcyli
31、nder to form a sheet of uniform layer. When gelled (polymerized)the flexible sheet is sliced in the cylinder for removal from the cylinder.The flaccid sheet is dye cut, with a multi-cutter tool, into button blanks.The blanks are then cured, usually in hot brine solutions, and fabricatedinto buttons.
32、 This method is best for buttons produced with orientedpearlescent pigments, opaque white pigments, and multilayer combi-nation of colors and mottles.sewing hole, na hole in either the flange or shank of a buttonused to attach the button to the substrate by means of aneedle and thread.sew-through fl
33、ange button, na button attached to one partof a flexible substrate by means of needle and thread passedthrough two or more holes in its flange and through thesubstrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (See Fig.1.) D5171sew-through shank button, na button attached to one partof a flexible substr
34、ate by means of needle and thread passedFIG. 13 Principle Parts of Slide FastenersContinuous Ele-ment Slide FastenerFIG. 14 Element (one side of element on sewn type CE fas-tener)D2050 1114through a hole or loop in the integral shank and through thesubstrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (Se
35、e Fig.2.) D5171FIG. 15 Principal Parts of Slide FastenersIndividual ElementSlide FastenersFIG. 16 Movable RetainerFIG. 17 Releasing StopsD2050 1115shank, nin buttons, that part positioned perpendicular to andat the center back of the flange, and having a hole or loop foruse in attaching the button t
36、o one part of a flexible substrateby means of a needle or thread, a ring, or a toggle. (See Figs.3-6.)shank eye, nin buttons, the hole or loop in the shank of asew-through shank button or the hole in the loop of the stapleof a staple button.sheet cast button, na button fabricated from a disk blanked
37、from a cast sheet of formulated styrene-modified polyesterresin.DISCUSSIONThe formulated polyester resin mix (see rotation castbuttons) is poured into gasketed open molds or between gasketedsheets of glass. After gelation the sheet is stripped from the mold anddie cut into multiple button blanks. Th
38、e blanks are then cured (fullypolymerized) and fabricated into buttons. This method is best forbuttons produced with oriented pearlescent pigments or opaque whitepigments.staple, nin buttons, a looped metal shank securely positionedperpendicular to and at center back of the button flange foruse in a
39、ttaching the button to one part of a flexible substrateby means of a needle and thread, a ring, or a toggle.toggle, nin buttons, a clip used to fasten a staple button to theflexible substrate.ring or toggle attached staple button, na button attached toone part of a flexible substrate by means of a r
40、ing or togglerather than a needle or thread. The staple passes through aneyelet in the flexible substrate and is secured by the ring ortoggle that passes through the staple eye. (See Fig. 7 and Fig.8.two-front button, na button in which the face and backshape are identical.DISCUSSIONIdentical faces
41、allow for easier feeding of buttons inautomatic sewing machines without the use of a well for side-selection.vacuum plated button, na button that is flash metal coatedin vacuum chambers and subsequently colored to simulateother metal finishes.DISCUSSIONThis is the least durable of metallized finishe
42、s.well, nin buttons, a recess in center of sew-through flangebutton that give aesthetics and identifies the face side.wheel cast button, nsee rotation cast button.RELATING TO HOOK AND LOOP FASTENERShook and loop fasteners, na touch fastener, comprised oftwo flexible mating strips, the surface of one
43、 mating stripbeing covered with tiny, stiff protrusions shaped liked hookswhich engage the other mating strip which is covered withpliable loops. D5169DISCUSSIONThis fastener comprises a non-adhesive method ofjoining two materials where ready adjustment and removal is desirableand fastening is accom
44、plished by pressing the mating strips togetherand separation is accomplished by simply peeling apart. Terms hereinreferring to hook and loop fastening systems shall be construed toinclude other types of touch fasteners in which the fastening strength inFIG. 18 Separating PartsFIG. 19 SlidersD2050 11
45、16the shear mode (that is, against forces applied in the plane of thefastener) substantially exceeds the fastening strength in the peel mode(that is, against forces applied perpendicular to the planes of the twocomponents of the fastener). D5169shear strength, nthe resistance to forces that cause, o
46、r tendto cause, two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively toeach other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.D5169RELATING TO SNAP FASTENERSforce, na physical influence exerted by one body on anotherwhich produces acceleration of bodies that are free to moveand deformation of bo
47、dies that are not free to move. D7142holding strength, nin snap fasteners, the force required toseparate the prong-ring from its attached mating part (socketor stud).DISCUSSIONIn this test method, a diametric force is applied whichsimulates the diametric biting or pinching of a child; however, inpra
48、ctice, the disengaging force used to unsnap a snap fastener is usuallyapplied at the edge of the fastener. D7142lateral holding strength, nthe force required to disengage asnap fastener resulting from a pull in the plane parallel to thematerial to which the snap fastener is attached. D4846prong-ring
49、 type fastener, ngeneric name for snap fastenerswhich use a multi-pronged ring to penetrate through fabric tomechanically set a matching socket on one side of a closureand to set a matching stud on the facing closure allowing theouter and inner closure facings to be snapped together. (SeeFig. 9.) D7142snap action, nthe force required to disengage a snap fastenerresulting from a pull exerted perpendicular to the plane ofmaterial to which the snap fastener is attached. D4846snap faste
