1、Designation: D2068 12aD2068 13Standard Test Method forDetermining Filter Blocking Tendency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes three procedures using different filter media. The result of any test isdependent on the filter mandated in the
3、procedure. If a specification requires a specific D2068procedure, do not substitute a different procedure or filter without agreement from the specifier.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the determination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filterability ofmiddle distil
4、late fuel oils and liquid fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends. The 3 procedures and associated filter types, areapplicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.3 to 6.0 mm2/s at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are: Specifications D396 Grad
5、es No 1 and 2; Specification D975 Grades1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT; Specification D6751.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain free (undissolved) water (see 7.3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No othe
6、r units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
7、 regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water an
8、d Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright NumericalRating)D6300 Practice for Determ
9、ination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel OilsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purportto Measur
10、e the Same Property of a MaterialD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 5636-5 Paper and BoardDetermination of Air Permeance and Air Resistance (Medium Range) Part 5 Gurley Method1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
11、Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 onStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012July 1, 2013. Published March 2013August 2013. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20
12、12 asD2068D2068 12a.12. DOI: 10.1520/D2068-12A.10.1520/D2068-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websi
13、te.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version.
14、 Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ASTM Adjuncts:D2PP, Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products4CompTM, Standard Practice for Statistic
16、al Assessment and Improvement of the Expected Agreement between Two TestMethods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 filter blocking tendency (FBT), nof certain fuels, a calculated dimensionless value that defi
17、nes the tendency ofparticulates in a fuel to plug or block a filter.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value is calculated using the pressure across the filter or the volume of fuel filtered at the end of the test. Depending on theoutcome of the test, one of two equations is applied. See Section 10, Calculation.
18、 See 5.6 for interpretation of results.3.1.2 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship between the volume of sample filtered and the measured pressure increaseacross the filter.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe filterability of the fuel can be assessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume o
19、f fuel has flowed through the filter,or recording the volume when a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved. This assessment may be assisted by plottinga volume versus pressure graph. See Appendix X1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the fuel to be analysed is passed at a
20、constant rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a specified filter medium.The pressure difference across the filter, and the volume of fuel passing the filter, are monitored until the pressure reaches 105 kPaor the volume of fuel passing the filter medium reaches 300 mL. The pressure (see 3.1.1.1) and flo
21、w are then used to calculate thefilter blocking tendency, where a low number indicates a good fuel (see 5.6).4.2 The glass fiber filters specified for Procedures A and B are both 1.6 m nominal pore diameter; Filter B is a pre-assembledencapsulated type.4.3 The pre-assembled nylon filter specified fo
22、r Procedure C has a 5 m nominal pore diameter.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the cleanliness of middle distillate fuels, and biodiesel and biodiesel blendsfor specifications and quality control purposes.5.2 The filter media specified in the three proced
23、ures are all suitable for the materials in the Scope. Specifications calling upthis test method should state the procedure required.5.3 A change in filtration performance after storage or pretreatment can be indicative of changes of fuel condition.5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on f
24、ilter porosity and structure and therefore results from this test method mightnot correlate with full scale filtration.5.5 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filters include fuel degradation products, contaminants (including water)picked up during storage or transfer, effects due to
25、 temperature or composition for bio fuels, incompatibility of commingled fuels,or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or both.5.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuel with very good filterability, to
26、over 100 for a fuel with poorfilterability. The selection of a single FBT number to define a pass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent on thefuel type and applications.6. Apparatus6.1 GeneralThe apparatus, as described in Annex A1 and shown in Fig. A1.1, is available as a manuf
27、actured unit or can beconstructed from individual components.6.2 Filter Media and Assemblies:NOTE 2Effective filtration areas were determined by measuring the diameter of the sediment in the centre of the filter media.4 This adjunct has been withdrawn and is no longer available.D2068 1326.2.1 Filter
28、 A, for Procedure A.6.2.1.1 Filter Housing,5stainless steel, nominal 13 mm diameter with a Luer fitting at the top where it connects with the filtrationapparatus. Fig. 1 shows the assembly.6.2.1.2 Filter Media,6glass fiber, 1.6 m nominal pore diameter, nominal 13 mm diameter and with an effective fi
29、ltration areaof 63.6 to 78.6 mm2. Filter media shall be batch selected to have a Gurley time (ISO 5636-5) of between 12.5 and 13.4 s for 300mL.6.2.2 Filter B,7for Procedure B.6.2.2.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringe type” with Luer and taper fittings, and factory fitted filter media
30、. Thefilter, as shown in Fig. 2, is used with an adaptor (6.9) to allow the test portion to input through the taper fitting and exit from theLuer fitting. The filter medium is supported by a coarse glass fiber support pad as shown in Fig. 2.5 The sole source of supply of the Filter A housing, known
31、to the committee at this time is Millipore Cat No XX3001200, available from Millipore CorporationHeadquarters, 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please supply this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Yourcomments will receive careful consid
32、eration by a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.6 Whatman Grade GF/A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.7 The following equipment, as listed in RRSR: IP 387/07 (see Footnote 10), was used to develop the precision statements; Seta MFT Multi Filtration Tes
33、ter part number91600, Filter capsule “B” part number 91616-001 and Filter capsule “C” part number 91620. Stanhope-Seta, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 8AP, UK. This is not an endorsementor certification by ASTM.FIG. 1 Assembly of Filter AD2068 1336.2.2.2 Filter Media, glass fiber grade GF/A, 1.6 m nominal p
34、ore diameter and effective filtration area of 95.0 to 113.1 mm2.The filters shall be batch selected (one or more filters from a batch are tested) and quality controlled (using a procedure and a fluidwith a known pressure/flow characteristic, for example, ISO 5636-5) for equivalence with the assemble
35、d Filter A.6.2.3 Filter C,7for Procedure C.6.2.3.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringe type” filter housing, as shown in Fig. 3, which has Luer and taperfittings, and factory fitted filter media. The test portion inputs via the Luer fitting. The filter medium is held aboveconcentric/se
36、gmented ribbed channels and the exit port is recessed and segmented to eliminate localized filter blocking.6.2.3.2 Filter Media, nylon, 5 m nominal pore diameter and effective filtration area of 143.2 to 165.2 mm2. The filters shallbe batch selected (one or more filters from a batch are tested) and
37、quality controlled (using a procedure and a fluid with a knownpressure/flow characteristic, for example, ISO 5636-5).6.3 Measuring Cylinder, 25 mL, glass or other suitable transparent material, with graduations every 0.5 mL, for verifying theflow rate.FIG. 2 Filter BFIG. 3 Filter CD2068 1346.4 Measu
38、ring Cylinder, 500 mL, glass or other suitable transparent material, with graduations every 5 mL, for verifying theflow rate, and for measuring the volume of fuel in the fuel receiver if required.6.5 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.2 s, required for verifying the flow rate and prepa
39、ring the sample.6.6 Thermometer, electronic or liquid in glass type thermometers with a range of at least 15 to 25C and an accuracy of 6 0.5Cor better are suitable.6.7 Forceps, spade ended, for use with Filter A.6.8 Open-ended Spanner Wrenches, plastic or metal, for use with Filter A.6.9 Adaptor, on
40、ly for use with Procedure B, to convert the Luer fitting on the apparatus to a fitting compatible with the taperedfitting on Filter B.6.10 Anti-splash Tubing, nylon or silicone rubber, approximately 4 mm inner diameter for Filters A and C, and 6 mm innerdiameter for Filter B, to reduce splashing of
41、the sample in the fuel receiver beaker.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be obtained in accordance with Practices D4057, D4177 or other comparablesampling practices.7.1.1 Containers shall have been previously flushed three times with the product to be sampled.7.2 Obtain at lea
42、st 400 mL of a representative aliquot of the sample to be tested in an epoxy-lined can or dark glass bottle.7.3 If any undissolved water is visually apparent (as determined by Test Methods D4176 or D4860), discard and replace witha fresh sample.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Verification:8.1.1 Press
43、ure and TemperatureFollow the manufacturers instructions for verifying that the pressure and temperaturereadings are in accordance with the tolerances given in A1.1.3 and 6.6 respectively. Verify the pressure reading, at ambientatmospheric pressure (0 kPa) and at approximately 100 kPa, at least ever
44、y 6 months or if the apparatus has not been used for theprevious 3 months. Verify the temperature reading is correct, at ambient temperature, at least every 12 months. If the readings donot meet the specified tolerances in A1.1.3 and 6.6, calibrate the sensors (8.2.1).8.1.2 Flow RateFollow the manuf
45、acturers instructions for verifying that the flow rate is 20 6 1 mL/min through a filterassembly. The flow rate is verified by measuring the volume pumped during a 15 minute period, at least once a month, using asuitable measuring cylinder (6.4). If the measured volume is between 285 and 315 mL the
46、flow rate is correct. More frequentchecks on the flow rate may be made by measuring the volume during a 1 minute period using a 25 mL measuring cylinder (6.3).If the measured volume is not between 19 and 21 mL, calibrate the pump (8.2.2).8.2 Calibration:8.2.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manuf
47、acturers instructions to calibrate the pressure at atmospheric pressure (0kPa) and approximately 100 kPa, and temperature measuring device at ambient temperature.8.2.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructions to set and lock the mechanical flow adjustment control on the pumpto give a flow rate
48、 of 20 6 1 mL/min.8.2.2.1 A filter assembly shall be fitted when the flow rate is calibrated.8.3 Apparatus AssemblyAssemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. A1.1, without the filter unit connected.8.4 Filter AssemblyAssemble the filter appropriate to the test procedure specified.8.4.1 Filter A (for Pr
49、ocedure A)Assemble the filter as shown in Fig. 1 using a new filter medium handled with the forceps(6.7) taking care not to damage the filter medium. Place the medium into the holder with the face marked with a grid patternuppermost. The open ended spanner wrenches (6.8) may be used to assist in assembling or disassembling the housing. Attach asuitable length (typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10) to the outlet of the filter assembly.NOTE 3It is most important that the filter unit components are assembled in the exact configuration s
