1、Designation: D2070 16Standard Test Method forThermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2is designed primarily to evaluate thethermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils althoughoxidation may occur during the t
3、est.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
4、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 Copper Development Association Standard4UNS C11000 Electrolytic Tough P
5、itch Copper2.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard (AISI)5W-1 Carbon Tool Steel3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A beaker containing test oil, copper and iron rods isplaced in an aluminum block in an electric gravity convectionoven for 168 h at a test temperature of 135 C. At thecompletion of the
6、test, the copper and steel rods are ratedvisually for discoloration and the oil is analyzed for thequantity of sludge.4. Significance and Use4.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemicalproperty changes which may adversely affect an oils lubricat-ing performance. This test method evaluat
7、es the thermalstability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steelat 135 C. Rod colors are the evaluation criteria. Sludge valuesare reported for informational purposes. No correlation of thetest to field service has been made.5. Apparatus5.1 An aluminum block with equally spaced holes i
8、s used.An example is described in Fig. A1.1 of Annex A1.5.2 Electric gravity convection oven capable of maintainingthe aluminum block at a test temperature of 135 C 6 1 C.5.2.1 Calibrated thermocouple and temperature indicatorcentered in aluminum block.5.3 250 mL Griffin beakers of borosilicate glas
9、s.5.4 Copper test specimens are to be UNS C11000, 99.9 %pure electrolytic tough pitch copper, 6.35 mm in diameter by7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by 3.0 in.).6,75.5 Steel test specimens are to be AISI W-1 1 % carbonsteel, 6.35 mm in diameter 7.6 cm in length (0.25 in. by3.0 in.).6,75.6 Silicon carbide
10、abrasive 320 grit with cloth backing.5.7 Crocus cloth.5.8 41 Whatman filter paper,8,747 mm diameter.5.9 Millipore filter,9,78 m Type SC, 47 mm diameter.5.10 Millipore glass filter holder, 47 mm, Cat #XX10.04700or equivalent.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleu
11、m Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2070 91(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2070-16.2This procedu
12、re was adopted from the Fives Cincinnati Thermal Stability TestProcedure “A”, Fives Cincinnati Manual 10-SP-89050.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
13、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Copper Development Assoc., Inc., 260 Madison Ave., NewYork, NY 10016, http:/www.copper.org5Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 MassachusettsAve., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.steel.org.6The
14、 sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Metaspec LLC, 790 W. Mayfield Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78211,.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation a
15、t a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Whatman Ltd., part of GE Healthcare, http:/.9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis EMD Millipore Corp.
16、, 290 Concord Rd., Billerica, MA 01821; http:/www.EMD.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with interna
17、tionally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.11 Fives Cincinnati Lubricant Heat Test Standard
18、s ColorChart.10,75.12 25 mL pipette.6. Reagents6.1 Reagent Grade Heptane(WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)6.2 Reagent Grade Acetone(WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Handle the rods at all times using forceps or clean cottongloves.7.2 Catalyst PreparationClean the iron an
19、d copper cata-lyst rods, whether new or previously used, prior to use. Cleanthe rods with the 320 silicon carbide abrasive cloth whilerotating the rods in a drill chuck at 1700 r min to 1800 r min.Clean the surface until it has a bright copper or steel appear-ance. Discard rods when diameter is less
20、 than 6.2 mm.7.3 Prepare surface finally with a crocus cloth. Remove allgrind marks. Finish the rods to a lightly polished surface finish.7.4 Wash the rods individually with acetone and air dry oncompletion of the polishing operation.8. Procedure8.1 Place a representative 200 mL sample of test oil o
21、b-tained per D4057 sampling procedure in a clean 250 mLGriffinbeaker containing one each of the cleaned and polished ironand copper rods.8.2 Place the rods totally below the surface of the oil andcrossed. Place them in contact with each other at one pointonly.8.3 Place the beaker and its contents in
22、 the pre-heatedaluminum block test fixture in the oven.8.4 Maintain the test fixture at 135 C 6 1 C for 168 h.Start the time when the test sample is placed in the oven.8.5 Keep the oven doors closed during the entire test period.Monitor the temperature continuously via thermocouple in thecenter of t
23、he test block.8.6 At the completion of 168 h, remove the beakers from theoven and allow to cool to room temperature before proceeding.Individually remove the rods from the oil sample. Remove anyloose sludge clinging to the rods with a plastic or rubberpoliceman and return the sludge to the oil.8.7 C
24、opper Rod AnalysisWash the rod with heptane toremove all oil and allow to air dry. Discard the heptane wash.Make a visual evaluation of the condition of the rod against theFives Cincinnati color chart (available from Fives Cincinnati9)and record.8.8 Steel Rod AnalysisWash the steel rod with heptane
25、toremove all oil and allow to air dry. Discard the heptane wash.Make a visual evaluation of the rod against the Fives Cincin-nati color chart and record.8.9 For each sample, dry a 41 Whatman filter for 1 h in anoven at 70 C and cool in a dessicator. Weigh to the nearest0.1 mg. Vacuum filter at a nom
26、inal 26664 Pa pressure throughthe pre-weighed 41 Whatman filter. Do not rinse the beaker atthis time. Remove the oil filtrate and set aside. Replace thefilter flask with a clean one and wash all remaining residuefrom the beaker with heptane. Wash the residue on the filterpaper with heptane until all
27、 evidence of oil is removed. Ovendry the residue and filter paper at 70 C, 1 h, allow to cool, andweigh to nearest 0.1 mg. For each sample, pre-weigh an 8 mMillipore filter pad to the nearest 0.1 mg. From the oil filtrate,pipet 25 mL of oil and vacuum filter at a nominal 26664 Papressure through the
28、 pre-weighed 8 m Millipore filter pad.Wash residue with heptane, air dry, and weigh to the nearest0.1 mg.9. Calculation9.1 Total Sludge DeterminationThe mass of the sludge onthe 41 Whatman paper is reported as mg/100 mL of oil.Therefore, the mass of the original filter paper is subtractedfrom that o
29、f the dried filter paper plus residue and thedifference divided by two. The mass of the sludge on the 8 mMillipore filter pad is also reported as mg/100 mL. The mass ofthe original filter pad is subtracted from the mass of the driedresidue plus filter pad and the difference multiplied by four.Total
30、sludge is the summation of the mass of the sludge fromthe 41 Whatman filter paper plus the mass of the sludge fromthe 8 m filter pad. Mass of total sludge (mg/100 mL of oil)T 2 W 30.51M 34 (1)where:W = mass of sludge on Whatman filter in mg,M = mass of sludge on 8 m millipore filter in mg,T = total
31、mass of sludge in mg/100 mL.10. Report10.1 Report the color of the copper and steel rods aspreviously determined.10.2 Report the total sludge in mg/100 mL oil.11. Precision and Bias1111.1 The precision of this test method was determined by astatistical analysis of interlaboratory test results. The f
32、ollowingcriteria should be used for judging the acceptability of data.11.2 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct o
33、peration ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Fives Cincinnati, 2200 Litton Ln., Hebron, KY 41048; http:/11Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
34、be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1271. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D2070 162Copper rod color 1 unitSteel rod color 1 unitTotal sludge 1.04 (X +1)where X denotes mean value.11.3 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by diff
35、erent operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:Copper rod color 4 unitsSteel rod color 2 unitsTotal sludge 3.25 (X +1)where X denotes mean value.11.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference m
36、aterialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure, bias has notbeen determined.12. Keywords12.1 Cincinnati Milacron; copper corrosion; Fives Cincin-nati; heat test; hydraulic oils; oil sludging; steel corrosion;thermal stabilityANNEXA1. ALUMINUM TEST FIXTURED2070 163FIG. A1.1 Aluminum Test
37、Fixturein. mmA Overall diameter 12.00 304.8B Thickness 5.500 139.7C Edge thickness 0.7500 19.05D Recess diameter 10.50 266.7E Recess depth 1.750 44.45F Diameter of hole 3.000 76.20G Depth of hole 2.750 69.85H Distance from center to hole center 3.500 88.90D2070 164SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.
38、N0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D2070 91 (2010) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 15, 2016.)(1) Updated source information throughout footnotes. (2) Updated SI unit formatting.ASTM International takes no position respect
39、ing the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This stan
40、dard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internatio
41、nal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
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