1、Designation: D 2093 03Standard Practice forPreparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to AdhesiveBonding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plasticadherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of testspecimens. It
3、 should be noted, however, that this practicespecifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and doesnot cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions,or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTMtest methods or specifications for specific materials.1.2 Physica
4、l Treatments (for example, sanding and solventwiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and alltraces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants fromthe bonding surfaces.1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric aciddichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) areus
5、ed in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of thepolymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesa
6、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.1.2. Referenced Docume
7、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of AdhesiveBondsD 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 950 Test Method for Impact Stre
8、ngth of Adhesive BondsD 952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of SheetPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3
9、807 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives inCleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms are defined in TerminologyD 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for reducing some of the surfacevariability
10、of plastics (due to differences in manufacturingmethods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in theresults of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.4.2 This practice is not necessarily designed to provideoptimum adhesion
11、 to the surfaces and the treatments specifiedmay not always be practical for industrial use.4.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-ration methods available; nor does this practice cite all of thetypes or classes of plastics currently available.4.4 This practice is used as a star
12、ting point for evaluatingsurface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior toadhesive bonding.5. Apparatus5.1 Abrasive, Aluminum Oxide, 320 grit, free of waxes,lubricants, or other potential contaminants.5.2 Glass Dish, borosilicate, of appropriate dimensions, inwhich to heat the sulfuric a
13、cid-dichromate solution.5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Ori
14、ginallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 2093 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page ont
15、he ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 Cotton Cloths, lint-free, clean, white, or non-lintingpaper wipers.5.5 Tongs, stainless steel.6. Pretreating Liquids6.1 Sodium Naphthalene SolutionSodium naphthalene
16、 so-lutions are commercially available.3When not in use, keep thesolution in a tightly-closed glass container to exclude air andmoisture. (WarningExercise extreme care in preparing,handling, and disposing of both the sulfuric acid-dichromatesolution and the sodium naphthalene solution since these ar
17、ehazardous materials.)6.2 SolventsUse reagent grade solvents free of any con-taminants such as dirt, grease, etc., for cleaning specimens.6.3 Sulfuric Acid-Dichromate Solution (see 7.1.1)Dissolve 75 g of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in 120 g ofclean tap water, then add 1500 g of concentrated sulfu
18、ric acid(H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) in increments of approximately 200 g,stirring after each addition.6.4 WaterUse clean tap water, at 16 38C (61 100F)to wash specimens.7. Procedure7.1 Use the following surface treatments to prepare thebonding areas of plastic adherends for adhesive test specimensas indicat
19、ed in Tables 1 and 2.7.1.1 Solvent Wiping Wipe the bonding surface of eachadherend with three successive portions of a clean solvent-dampened cloth (Note 1). Allow the adherends to stand in aclean, dust-free area with bonding surfaces upwards for 20 minto allow evaporation of solvents or condensed h
20、umidity.NOTE 1Use a fresh portion of cloth and fresh solvent for each wipe.Do not dampen the cloth by placing it in contact with the mouth of thebottle, but by pouring a small amount of solvent onto the cloth.7.1.2 SandingSand the bonding surfaces of the adherendswith a fine-grit sandpaper or emery
21、cloth until no evidence ofsurface gloss is visible (Note 2). Wipe with a clean dry cloth toremove particles from the sanding. Bond the surface as soonafter preparation as possible.NOTE 2Sanding is desirable in many instances to remove the surfaceof plastic that may have contaminants, for example, mo
22、ld release.Roughing due to sanding may also increase the effective bonding area.7.1.3 Sulfuric AcidDichromate Solution Treatment:7.1.3.1 Room Temperature Immerse the plastic adherendsin the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution that is maintained at atemperature of 20 to 30C (68 to 86F) for the time per
23、iodgiven in Table 2. Immediately remove them and rinse thor-oughly under running tap water for at least 3 min, followed bya distilled or deionized water rinse in accordance with Speci-fication D 1193, Type IV. Dry by placing, bonding side up, inan air-circulating oven at 37 6 3C (99 6 5F) for about
24、1 h.Do not wipe the surface during or after treatment.7.1.3.2 Elevated TemperatureImmerse the plastic adher-ends in a sulfuric aciddichromate solution that is maintainedat a temperature of 71 6 3C (160 6 5F) for the time periodgiven in Table 2. Immediately remove them and rinse thor-oughly in runnin
25、g tap water for at least 3 min followed by adistilled or deionized water rinse in accordance with Specifi-cation D 1193, Type IV. Dry in an air-circulating oven at 37 63C (99 6 5F) for about 1 h.7.1.4 Sodium Naphthalene Complex TreatmentImmersethe adherends in the liquid for 15 min at room temperatu
26、re.Remove them from the solution with metal tongs, wash inacetone to remove excess organic materials, and subsequentlywash with distilled or deionized water (Specification D 1193,Type IV) to remove the last traces of metallic salts from thetreated surfaces. Before bonding dry the treated adherends i
27、nan air-circulating oven at 37 6 3C (99 6 5F) for about 1 h.8. Keywords8.1 adhesive bonding; plastic; surface preparation3Acceptable solutions are available from W. S. Shamban and Co., 1855-TCentinela Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404 and W. L. Gore Associates, 555 PaperMill Road, Newark, DE 19711.TABL
28、E 1 Physical TreatmentsPlastic Adherend (Group I) Cleaning ProcedureCellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, methylstyrene, poly-carbonate, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose propionate,ethylcellulose, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)Wipe wit
29、h methanol, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeatmethanol wipe.Epoxy, polyester, phenolic, urea-formaldehyde, diallyl phthalate, melamine, nylon, andpolyurethaneWipe with acetone, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeat acetonewipe.TABLE 2 Chemical TreatmentsPlastic Adherend (Group I
30、I) Cleaning ProcedurePolyolefins (low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, irradiated poly-ethylene), chlorinated polyether, polyformaldehydeWipe with acetone and treat with sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.Treat polyolefins for at least 1 h at room temperature.Treat chlorinated polyether
31、 for 5 min at 71 6 3C (160 6 5F).Treat polyformaldehyde up to 10 s at room temperature.Trifluoromonochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene Wipe with acetone and treat with sodium naphthalene complex for 15 min atroom temperature.D2093032ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of an
32、y patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to rev
33、ision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
34、 comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyr
35、ighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D2093033
