1、Designation: D2103 10Standard Specification forPolyethylene Film and Sheeting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the classification of polyethyl-ene film and
3、 sheeting up to 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) in thickness,inclusive. The film or sheeting may contain additives for theimprovement of the surface properties, pigments, or stabilizers,or combinations thereof.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are for i
4、nformation only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish app
5、ropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-ethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as longas all the requirements as governed by the producer and enduser are
6、also met (see Note 1).NOTE 1Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related torecycled plastics.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD618 Practice for Condition
7、ing Plastics for TestingD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD1
8、434 Test Method for Determining Gas PermeabilityCharacteristics of Plastic Film and SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Filmby the Free-Falling Dart MethodD1746 Test Method for Transparency of Plastic
9、SheetingD1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingD1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance ofPlastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum MethodD1938 Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trou-ser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheetin
10、g by a Single-Tear MethodD2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films andSolid PlasticsD2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethyleneand Polypropylene FilmsD2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-mining Density of PolyethyleneD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Pl
11、asticsD4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic FilmD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion MaterialsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recy
12、cled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsF1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission RateThrough Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a ModulatedInfrared Sensor3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the definitions of p
13、lasticsused in this specification are in accordance with TerminologyD883.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Molded andExtruded Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. O
14、riginallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2103 08. DOI:10.1520/D2103-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do
15、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 treatedsurface characte
16、ristics of the sheet or filmhave been modified by flame, corona discharge, or other meansto promote the adhesion of inks, etc.3.2.2 yieldthe area provided by a given weight of film orsheeting of specified thickness.4. Classification4.1 The film and sheeting covered in this specification shallbe desi
17、gnated by a type number, composed by listing thedesired cell limit for each of the five properties, in the ordershown in Table 1.NOTE 3Examples of this classification system are as follows:With this type of classification it is possible to assemble on paper a combinationof properties that is impossi
18、ble to obtain with the present state of technology. Apurchaser using this specification for the first time will probably find it necessaryto contact material suppliers to learn what materials are commercially available.4.2 In cases where surface treatment is specified by thepurchaser, the test metho
19、d must be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller. The recommended test to measure thedegree of surface treatment is Test Method D2578.5. General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe material shall have appearance quali-ties conforming with those produced by good commercialpractice. It shall be as
20、free as commercially possible of gels,streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and undispersedraw material. There shall be no other visible defects such asholes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free of nicks andcuts visible to the unaided eye. There shall be no visibleevidence of damag
21、e from shipping.5.2 Thickness TolerancesThe point-to-point thicknesstolerances of the film or sheeting covered in this specificationshall be nominal 620 %.5.3 Yield TolerancesThe actual yield of film or sheetingcovered in this specification shall be within the tolerance limitsof the nominal yield as
22、 prescribed in Table 2. In cases whereeach roll, blanket, or unit of production is packaged andmarked by the producer as the ultimate consumer sales unitwith stated dimensions, the single-roll tolerances for yield shallapply.5.4 Width TolerancesThe tolerance for width shall be63.2 mm (0.13 in.)/ft o
23、f nominal width except that thetolerance shall be not less than 63.2 mm (0.13 in.).5.5 LengthFor unit consumption the length of film orsheeting per roll shall be within +4, -0 % of the length asmarked, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller. Each roll shall be in one piece, except tha
24、t it ispermissible for no more than 20 % of the rolls in any oneshipment to contain a maximum of three pieces. Such rollsshall be clearly labeled.6. Detail Requirements6.1 The film or sheeting shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1 as indicated by the type designation.6.2 The film and sheeting
25、shall not be blocked excessivelyas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7. Sampling7.1 Samples of film or sheeting sufficient to determineconformance to this specification shall be taken at random.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) for not
26、 less than 40 h prior to test inTABLE 1 Type NumbersPropertyOrderNumberProperty 0 1 2 3 4 5 Units1 DensityAunspecified 0.910300 g3 Coefficient of friction unspecified 0.70 . .4 Haze unspecified 9.0 . . .5 Nominal thickness unspecifiedCDEFGmm (in.)AAnnealed density of molded plaques or Melt Index ext
27、rudates.BF50 (Results of a recent round robin have shown the equivalency of these two procedures.)C0.0254 (0.0010).D0.02540.0508 (0.00100.0020)E0.05080.1016 (0.00200.0040)F0.10160.1778 (0.00400.0070)G0.1778#0.3048 (0.0070#0.0120)D2103 102accordance with Specification D4976 for those tests wherecondi
28、tioning is required. In cases of disagreement, the toler-ances shall be 61C (61.8F) and 62 % relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) in accordancewith Specification D4976 unless otherwise specified in the testmethods or in th
29、is specification. In cases of disagreement, thetolerance shall be 61C (61.8F).8.3 In addition, for films containing hydrophilic fillers,co-monomers, pigments or other modifiers, conditioning andtesting shall be done at 50 6 10 % relative humidity. In casesof disagreement, the tolerance shall be 65 %
30、 relative humidity.8.4 DensityDetermine the annealed density of the moldedplaques or melt index extrudate as specified in SpecificationD4976. Plaques shall be compression molded in accordancewith Practice D4703, Annex A1, Procedure C. If melt indexextrudate is used, it shall be prepared in accordanc
31、e withPractice D2839.8.5 Impact StrengthTest the film or sheeting for impactstrength in accordance with Test Methods D1709, Test MethodA, reporting the results in grams at nominal thickness, exceptreport the results in grams per mil. This test method is notapplicable to impact strengths greater than
32、 300 g. Run impactstrengths of greater than 300 g in accordance with Test MethodB of Test Methods D1709.NOTE 4The impact resistance of polyethylene film, while partlydependent on thickness, has no simple correlation with sample thickness.Hence, impact values expressed in grams cannot be normalized o
33、ver arange of thicknesses without producing misleading data as to the actualimpact resistance of the material. Data from these methods are comparableonly for comparing specimens that vary in thickness by no more than625 % from the nominal or average thickness of the specimens tested.8.6 Coeffcient o
34、f Friction, KineticDetermine the kineticcoefficient of friction in accordance with Test Method D1894.8.7 HazeDetermine the haze of the film or sheeting inaccordance with Test Method D1003.8.8 TreatmentDesignate the film or sheeting simply asuntreated or treated in accordance with 3.2.1.8.9 Thickness
35、The thickness of the film and sheeting shallmeet the requirements in 5.2 when measured in accordancewith Test Method D374 using Method A, B, C, or D, asappropriate for the specimen thickness, using appropriateapparatus as described and calibrated in accordance with theapplicable sections of Test Met
36、hods D374, unless otherwisespecified.8.9.1 Test SpecimensFive specimens, at least 5 by 5 cm (2by 2 in.) in area, taken randomly across the width of the rollshall be tested. At least one set of specimens shall be measuredfrom each roll being tested.8.10 YieldCalculate the actual yield using Test Meth
37、odD4321.8.10.1 Calculate the nominal yield using Test MethodD4321 and the unannealed film density. Determine the unan-nealed film density in accordance with Test Method D1505,using three specimens after conditioning in accordance withProcedure A of Practice D618.8.10.2 Calculate the deviation of the
38、 actual yield from thenominal yield as follows:D 5 Ya2 Yn!/Yn# 3 100 (1)where:D = deviation from the nominal yield, %,Ya= measured yield, m2/kg (in.2/lb), andYn= nominal yield, m2/kg (in.2/lb).9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 PackagingThe material shall be packaged in standardcommercial container
39、s, so constructed as to ensure acceptanceby common or other carriers for transportation at the lowestrate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise specified in thecontract or order.9.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked with thename, ASTM type in accordance with this specification,thicknes
40、s, width, and weight of the film or sheeting containedtherein, as defined by the contract or order under which theshipment is made, the name of the manufacturer, and thecontract order number.9.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D3892 shall apply to this specification.10. Key
41、words10.1 ethylene plastics; polyethylene film; polyethylene plas-tics; polyethylene sheeting; recyclingTABLE 2 Yield TolerancesNumber of Rolls Tolerance, %Single rolls and lots up to and including 25 rolls 610Lots over 25 rolls and up to and including 100 rolls 65Lots over 100 rolls 63D2103 103APPE
42、NDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OTHER PROPERTIES (OPTIONAL)X1.1 Other properties that may be used to characterizepolyethylene film and sheeting are as follows:X1.1.1 Tensile Strength and ElongationWhen tensilestrength and elongation are to be measured, test in accordancewith Test Methods D882. I
43、t is important that these propertiesbe measured in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.X1.1.2 Tear StrengthWhen required, determine the tearstrength in accordance with Test Method D1938 or TestMethod D1922, as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.X1.1.3 Water Vapor Transmissio
44、nDetermine the watervapor transmission of polyethylene film and sheeting, whennecessary, in accordance with Test Methods E96/E96M, Pro-cedure E or Test Method F1249, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.X1.1.4 Gas TransmissionDetermine the gas transmissionthrough polyethylene film and
45、sheeting, when necessary, inaccordance with Test Method D1434 or specific methods forthe gases of interest, as agreed upon between the purchaser andseller.X1.1.5 OdorWhen required, rate the film and sheetingodor as satisfactory or unsatisfactory when compared to anodor standard. The odor standard an
46、d test method shall beagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.X1.1.6 GlossDetermine the gloss of polyethylene filmand sheeting, when necessary, in accordance with Test MethodD2457. Sample preparation and test method shall be agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.X1.1.7 Transparenc
47、yDetermine the transparency, whenrequired, in accordance with Test Method D1746. Thesespecular transmittance data correlate with “see-through” clar-ity.X1.1.8 FlatnessWhen required, rate the film or sheetingfor degree of flatness. The test method and the degree offlatness shall be agreed upon betwee
48、n the purchaser and theseller.X2. ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE THICKNESSX2.1 ThicknessThis method for thickness determinationis to be used as a referee method for average thickness and isespecially suitable for use in determining the average thicknessfor embossed film and shee
49、ting. For routine testing or specifi-cation, standard dead weight methods shall be used.X2.1.1 ApparatusThe apparatus shall consist of the fol-lowing:(1) Analytical Balance, equipped with pan straddle or otherstationary support, sensitive to 0.0005 g,(2) Class S Weights,(3) Beaker, 250-mL,(4) Fine Thread or Wire, nonabsorbent,(5) Thermometer, 0 to 100C, graduated in 1C divisions,(6) Die or Template, for cutting test specimens, 10 by 10cm, with dimensional tolerance of 60.01 cm/side, and(7) Sharp knife or Razor.X2.1.2 Test Sp
