1、Designation: D2270 10 (Reapproved 2016) British Standard 4459Designation: 226/91 (95)Standard Practice forCalculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at40 C and 100 C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. De
3、partment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice2covers the procedures for calculating theviscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils,and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 Cand 100 C.NOTE 1The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine-matic viscosi
4、ties determined at 40 C and 100 C are virtually the same asthose obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscositiesdetermined at 37.78 C and 98.89 C.1.2 This practice does not apply to petroleum products withkinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s at 100 C. Table 1given in this practic
5、e applies to petroleum products withkinematic viscosities between 2 mm2/s and 70 mm2/s at100 C. Equations are provided for calculating viscosity indexfor petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above70 mm2/s at 100 C.1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not avail-able at tempera
6、tures of 40 C and 100 C, an estimate may bemade of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematicviscosity at temperatures of 40 C and 100 C from dataobtained at other temperatures. Such viscosity index data maybe considered as suitable for information only and not forspecification purposes. See T
7、est Method D341, Annex A1.1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined withreference to a value of 1.0034 mm2/s at 20.00 C for distilledwater. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of apetroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with TestMethods D445, D7042, IP 71, or ISO 3104.1
8、.3.1 If Viscosity Index calculated for a given sample usingkinematic viscosity measurements from different test methodsare in disagreement, the values calculated from Test MethodD445 measurements shall be accepted.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of mea
9、surement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. For user reference, 1 mm2/s=10-6m2/s = 1 cSt.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t
10、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for LiquidPetroleum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
11、 Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose DerivativesD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in
12、Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3104 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and OpaqueLiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-culation of Dynamic Viscosity1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels,
13、 and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.In the IP, this practice is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committeeand issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the yearof last revision.Current edition approved J
14、an. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2270 101. DOI:10.1520/D2270-10R16.2Supporting data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D2270) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingRese
15、arch Report RR:D02-1009.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Sta
16、ndards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 Energy Institute Standard:5IP 71 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculationof Dyna
17、mic Viscosity3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 viscosity index, nan arbitrary number used to char-acterize the variation of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleumproduct with temperature.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFor oils of similar kinematic viscosity,the higher the viscosity index the smaller the effect
18、 of tem-perature on its kinematic viscosity.3.1.1.2 DiscussionViscosity index is also used in Termi-nology D1695 in a definition unrelated to this one.4. Significance and Use4.1 The viscosity index is a widely used and acceptedmeasure of the variation in kinematic viscosity due to changesin the temp
19、erature of a petroleum product between 40 C and100 C.4.2 A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease inkinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubri-cant.4.3 The viscosity index is used in practice as a singlenumber indicating temperature dependence of kinematic vis-cosity.4
20、.4 Viscosity Index is sometimes used to characterize baseoils for purposes of establishing engine testing requirementsfor engine oil performance categories.65. Procedure5.1 Determine the kinematic viscosity of the sample at40 C and 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445, TestMethod D7042, ISO 310
21、4, or IP 71.5.2 Calculation:5.2.1 If the kinematic viscosity of the sample at 100 C isless than or equal to 70 mm2/s, extract from Table 1 thecorresponding values for L and H. Measured values that are notlisted, but are within the range of Table 1, may be obtained bylinear interpolation. The viscosi
22、ty index is not defined and shallnot be reported for oils with kinematic viscosity of less than2.0 mm2/s at 100 C.5.2.2 If the kinematic viscosity is greater than 70 mm2/s at100 C, calculate the values of L and H as follows:L 5 0.8353 Y2114.67 Y 2 216 (1)H 5 0.1684 Y2111.85 Y 2 97 (2)where:L = kinem
23、atic viscosity at 40 C of an oil of 0 viscosity indexhaving the same kinematic viscosity at 100 C as the oilwhose viscosity index is to be calculated, mm2/s,Y = kinematic viscosity at 100 C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated, mm2/s, andH = kinematic viscosity at 40 C of an oil of 10
24、0 viscosityindex having the same kinematic viscosity at 100 C asthe oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated, mm2/s.5.2.3 If U H, calculate the viscosity index, VI, of the oil asfollows:VI 5 L 2 U!/L 2 H!# 3100 (3)where:U = kinematic viscosity at 40 C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be ca
25、lculated, mm2/s.5.2.3.1 Calculation ExampleMeasured kinematic viscos-ity at 40 C of the oil whose viscosity index is to becalculated = 73.30 mm2/s; kinematic viscosity at 100 C of theoil whose viscosity index is to be calculated = 8.86 mm2/s.From Table 1 (by interpolation) L = 119.94From Table 1 (by
26、 interpolation) H = 69.48Substituting in Eq 3 and rounding to the nearest wholenumber:VI 5 119.94 2 73.30!/119.94 2 69.48!# 3100 5 92.43 (4)VI 5 92 (5)5.2.4 If U H, calculate the viscosity index, VI , of the oilas follows:VI 5 antilogN! 2 1!/0.00715#1100 (6)where:N 5 logH 2 logU!/logY (7)orYN5 H/U (
27、8)5.2.4.1 Calculation ExampleMeasured kinematic viscos-ity at 40 C of the oil whose viscosity index is to becalculated = 22.83 mm2/s; kinematic viscosity at 100 C of theoil whose viscosity index is to be calculated = 5.05 mm2/s:From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = 28.975Substituting by Eq 7 (by logar
28、ithms):N 5Flog28.975! 2 log22.83!log5.05!G5 0.14719 (9)Substituting in Eq 6 and rounding to the nearest whole num-ber:VI 5Fantilog0.14719! 2 10.00715G1100 5F1.40343 2 10.00715G11005F0.403430.00715G1100 5 156.4235 (10)VI 5 1565.2.4.2 Calculation ExampleMeasured kinematic viscos-ity at 40 C of the oil
29、 whose viscosity index is to becalculated = 53.47 mm2/s; kinematic viscosity at 100 C of theoil whose viscosity index is to be calculated = 7.80 mm2/s:From Table 1, H = 57.31Substituting in Eq 7 (by logarithms):5Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR,U.K., http:/www.e
30、nergyinst.org.6API 1509, “Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System, “ 16e, AmericanPetroleum Institute, April 2007.D2270 10 (2016)2TABLE 1 Basic Values for L and H for Kinematic Viscosity in 40 C to 100 C SystemKinematicViscosityat100 C,mm2/sLHKinematicViscosityat 100 C,mm2/sLHKinematicViscosit
31、yat 100 C,mm2/sLHKinematicViscosityat 100 C,mm2/sLHKinematicViscosityat 100 C,mm2/sLHKinematicViscosityat 100 C,mm2/sLH2.00 7.994 6.394 7.00 78.00 48.57 12.0 201.9 108.0 17.0 369.4 180.2 24.0 683.9 301.8 42.5 1935 714.92.10 8.640 6.894 7.10 80.25 49.61 12.1 204.8 109.4 17.1 373.3 181.7 24.2 694.5 30
32、5.6 43.0 1978 728.22.20 9.309 7.410 7.20 82.39 50.69 12.2 207.8 110.7 17.2 377.1 183.3 24.4 704.2 309.4 43.5 2021 741.32.30 10.00 7.944 7.30 84.53 51.78 12.3 210.7 112.0 17.3 381.0 184.9 24.6 714.9 313.0 44.0 2064 754.42.40 10.71 8.496 7.40 86.66 52.88 12.4 213.6 113.3 17.4 384.9 186.5 24.8 725.7 31
33、7.0 44.5 2108 767.62.50 11.45 9.063 7.50 88.85 53.98 12.5 216.6 114.7 17.5 388.9 188.1 25.0 736.5 320.9 45.0 2152 780.92.60 12.21 9.647 7.60 91.04 55.09 12.6 219.6 116.0 17.6 392.7 189.7 25.2 747.2 324.9 45.5 2197 794.52.70 13.00 10.25 7.70 93.20 56.20 12.7 222.6 117.4 17.7 396.7 191.3 25.4 758.2 32
34、8.8 46.0 2243 808.22.80 13.80 10.87 7.80 95.43 57.31 12.8 225.7 118.7 17.8 400.7 192.9 25.6 769.3 332.7 46.5 2288 821.92.90 14.63 11.50 7.90 97.72 58.45 12.9 228.8 120.1 17.9 404.6 194.6 25.8 779.7 336.7 47.0 2333 835.53.00 15.49 12.15 8.00 100.0 59.60 13.0 231.9 121.5 18.0 408.6 196.2 26.0 790.4 34
35、0.5 47.5 2380 849.23.10 16.36 12.82 8.10 102.3 60.74 13.1 235.0 122.9 18.1 412.6 197.8 26.2 801.6 344.4 48.0 2426 863.03.20 17.26 13.51 8.20 104.6 61.89 13.2 238.1 124.2 18.2 416.7 199.4 26.4 812.8 348.4 48.5 2473 876.93.30 18.18 14.21 8.30 106.9 63.05 13.3 241.2 125.6 18.3 420.7 201.0 26.6 824.1 35
36、2.3 49.0 2521 890.93.40 19.12 14.93 8.40 109.2 64.18 13.4 244.3 127.0 18.4 424.9 202.6 26.8 835.5 356.4 49.5 2570 905.33.50 20.09 15.66 8.50 111.5 65.32 13.5 247.4 128.4 18.5 429.0 204.3 27.0 847.0 360.5 50.0 2618 919.63.60 21.08 16.42 8.60 113.9 66.48 13.6 250.6 129.8 18.6 433.2 205.9 27.2 857.5 36
37、4.6 50.5 2667 933.63.70 22.09 17.19 8.70 116.2 67.64 13.7 253.8 131.2 18.7 437.3 207.6 27.4 869.0 368.3 51.0 2717 948.23.80 23.13 17.97 8.80 118.5 68.79 13.8 257.0 132.6 18.8 441.5 209.3 27.6 880.6 372.3 51.5 2767 962.93.90 24.19 18.77 8.90 120.9 69.94 13.9 260.1 134.0 18.9 445.7 211.0 27.8 892.3 37
38、6.4 52.0 2817 977.54.00 25.32 19.56 9.00 123.3 71.10 14.0 263.3 135.4 19.0 449.9 212.7 28.0 904.1 380.6 52.5 2867 992.14.10 26.50 20.37 9.10 125.7 72.27 14.1 266.6 136.8 19.1 454.2 214.4 28.2 915.8 384.6 53.0 2918 10074.20 27.75 21.21 9.20 128.0 73.42 14.2 269.8 138.2 19.2 458.4 216.1 28.4 927.6 388
39、.8 53.5 2969 10214.30 29.07 22.05 9.30 130.4 74.57 14.3 273.0 139.6 19.3 462.7 217.7 28.6 938.6 393.0 54.0 3020 10364.40 30.48 22.92 9.40 132.8 75.73 14.4 276.3 141.0 19.4 467.0 219.4 28.8 951.2 396.6 54.5 3073 10514.50 31.96 23.81 9.50 135.3 76.91 14.5 279.6 142.4 19.5 471.3 221.1 29.0 963.4 401.1
40、55.0 3126 10664.60 33.52 24.71 9.60 137.7 78.08 14.6 283.0 143.9 19.6 475.7 222.8 29.2 975.4 405.3 55.5 3180 10824.70 35.13 25.63 9.70 140.1 79.27 14.7 286.4 145.3 19.7 479.7 224.5 29.4 987.1 409.5 56.0 3233 10974.80 36.79 26.57 9.80 142.7 80.46 14.8 289.7 146.8 19.8 483.9 226.2 29.6 998.9 413.5 56.
41、5 3286 11124.90 38.50 27.53 9.90 145.2 81.67 14.9 293.0 148.2 19.9 488.6 227.7 29.8 1011 417.6 57.0 3340 11275.00 40.23 28.49 10.0 147.7 82.87 15.0 296.5 149.7 20.0 493.2 229.5 30.0 1023 421.7 57.5 3396 11435.10 41.99 29.46 10.1 150.3 84.08 15.1 300.0 151.2 20.2 501.5 233.0 30.5 1055 432.4 58.0 3452
42、 11595.20 43.76 30.43 10.2 152.9 85.30 15.2 303.4 152.6 20.4 510.8 236.4 31.0 1086 443.2 58.5 3507 11755.30 45.53 31.40 10.3 155.4 86.51 15.3 306.9 154.1 20.6 519.9 240.1 31.5 1119 454.0 59.0 3563 11905.40 47.31 32.37 10.4 158.0 87.72 15.4 310.3 155.6 20.8 528.8 243.5 32.0 1151 464.9 59.5 3619 12065
43、.50 49.09 33.34 10.5 160.6 88.95 15.5 313.9 157.0 21.0 538.4 247.1 32.5 1184 475.9 60.0 3676 12225.60 50.87 34.32 10.6 163.2 90.19 15.6 317.5 158.6 21.2 547.5 250.7 33.0 1217 487.0 60.5 3734 12385.70 52.64 35.29 10.7 165.8 91.40 15.7 321.1 160.1 21.4 556.7 254.2 33.5 1251 498.1 61.0 3792 12545.80 54
44、.42 36.26 10.8 168.5 92.65 15.8 324.6 161.6 21.6 566.4 257.8 34.0 1286 509.6 61.5 3850 12705.90 56.20 37.23 10.9 171.2 93.92 15.9 328.3 163.1 21.8 575.6 261.5 34.5 1321 521.1 62.0 3908 12866.00 57.97 38.19 11.0 173.9 95.19 16.0 331.9 164.6 22.0 585.2 264.9 35.0 1356 532.5 62.5 3966 13036.10 59.74 39
45、.17 11.1 176.6 96.45 16.1 335.5 166.1 22.2 595.0 268.6 35.5 1391 544.0 63.0 4026 13196.20 61.52 40.15 11.2 179.4 97.71 16.2 339.2 167.7 22.4 604.3 272.3 36.0 1427 555.6 63.5 4087 13366.30 63.32 41.13 11.3 182.1 98.97 16.3 342.9 169.2 22.6 614.2 275.8 36.5 1464 567.1 64.0 4147 13526.40 65.18 42.14 11
46、.4 184.9 100.2 16.4 346.6 170.7 22.8 624.1 279.6 37.0 1501 579.3 64.5 4207 13696.50 67.12 43.18 11.5 187.6 101.5 16.5 350.3 172.3 23.0 633.6 283.3 37.5 1538 591.3 65.0 4268 13866.60 69.16 44.24 11.6 190.4 102.8 16.6 354.1 173.8 23.2 643.4 286.8 38.0 1575 603.1 65.5 4329 14026.70 71.29 45.33 11.7 193
47、.3 104.1 16.7 358.0 175.4 23.4 653.8 290.5 38.5 1613 615.0 66.0 4392 14196.80 73.48 46.44 11.8 196.2 105.4 16.8 361.7 177.0 23.6 663.3 294.4 39.0 1651 627.1 66.5 4455 14366.90 75.72 47.51 11.9 199.0 106.7 16.9 365.6 178.6 23.8 673.7 297.9 39.5 1691 639.2 67.0 4517 145440.040.541.041.542.017301770181
48、018511892651.8664.2676.6689.1701.967.568.068.569.069.5458046454709477348391471148815061523154170.0 4905 1558D2270 10 (2016)3N 5 log57.31 2 log53.47!/log7.80# 5 0.03376 (11)Substituting in Eq 6 and rounding to the nearest whole num-ber:VI 5 antilog 0.03376! 2 1!/0.00715#1100 (12)51.08084 2 1!/0.00715
49、#1100 5 1115.2.5 If U = H, the viscosity index, VI, of the oil equals 100.5.3 ASTM DS 39b,7is based on the above calculation andmay be used instead of 5.2 through 5.2.5.6. Report6.1 Report the viscosity index to the nearest whole number,using the Rounding Method of E29. When the number isexactly halfway between the nearest two whole numbers,round to the nearest even number. For example, 116.5 shall bereported as 116.6.2 The test report shall contain at least the followinginformation:6.2.1 A reference to th
