1、Designation: D2294 96 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading(Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bonding met
3、als when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing appa-ratus.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature rangefrom 55 to +260C (67 to +500F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.
4、The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit
5、y of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
6、2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Tension Creep Test Apparatus33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asthose properties
7、are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the next without d
8、isturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Tension Creep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1.3Itshall consist of a hollow loading chamber, a solid extension rodwith provisions for att
9、achment of test specimens, and ahigh-temperature-resistant spring. A testing machine conform-ing to the requirements of Test Method D638 is required toapply the static load.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, having 100 magnification.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the shape and dimen-s
10、ions shown in Fig. 2. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in Test Method D1002,except for the holes as shown in Fig. 2.6.2 Test at least three specimens for each set of standardconditions of load, time, and temperature.6.3 A complete description of these specimens
11、 and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D1002.6.4 For creep measurements, polish the 12.7-mm (12-in.)edges of the bonded area of each test specimen, and scribe withthree fine lines across the bondline (Fig. 1).7. Procedure7.1 Attach the test apparatus to a testin
12、g machine andcondition to a prescribed test temperature. Place a specimen1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originall
13、yapproved in 1964. Last previous approved in 2008 as D2294 96 (2008). DOI:10.1520/D2294-96R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
14、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detailed working drawings for the construction of the tensile creep testapparatus are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD2294.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
15、 States1within the load chamber of the test apparatus (Fig. 2), andattach to the chamber and load shaft by means of pins.7.2 Apply the load by the test machine at a rate of 80 to 100kgf/cm2/min (1200 to 1400 psi/min).After reaching the desiredload, turn up the knurled supporting ring to make contact
16、 withthe disk (that is, touch plus14 turn) supporting the compressedspring. Unload the testing machine, remove the entire creeptest apparatus (except the loading yoke) from the testingmachine, and place it in the desired environment.7.3 To measure total deflection, observe the displacement offine ra
17、zor marks across both sides of the bond area with acalibrated microscope having 100 magnification.7.4 To measure deflection at various times during the test,especially when the environment is other than roomtemperature, fine scribe lines may be added periodicallyadjacent to the original mark across
18、the edge of the joint. Makea final mark just before the specimen is removed from thetemperature-conditioned area and the load removed. The rela-tive displacement measurements, which may then be made atany time thereafter, will indicate the amount of creep deflectionat the various time intervals. Sug
19、gested time intervals are 1, 3,5, 10, 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and so forth, minimum, asthese yield approximately equally spaced points when plottedon a log scale. If desired, readings of the changes in displace-ment can be continued even after the specimen is unloaded.These provide a measure of
20、 the relaxation.7.5 Record the deflection at periodic intervals during thetest, the total deflection, the magnitude and duration of thetensile stress, and the test temperature for each specimen.Express all loads in kilograms per square centimetre (or poundsper square inch) and, if possible, report t
21、o three significantfigures.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete identification of the materials and proce-dures used and dimensions of the bond area including widthand length 62.54 mm (0.01 in.) and bondline thickness60.0127 mm (0.0005 in.),8.1.2 Creep deflection of the speci
22、mens shown as totalmeasured deflection,8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the tensile stress, testtemperature, and any environmental conditions,8.1.4 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,8.1.5 Number of specimens tested, and8.1.6 Nature of the failure (that is, percent adhesive orc
23、ohesive) if it occurs before the creep test is completed.9. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test method is a functionof the properties of t
24、he cured bondline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.10. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by tension loadingFIG. 1 Tension Creep Test ApparatusFIG. 2 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD2294 96 (2016)2ASTM International takes no position
25、 respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.T
26、his standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM In
27、ternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address show
28、n below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 96 (2016)3
