1、Designation: D315/D315M 95 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forWoven Asbestos Tape1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D315/D315M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven asbestos tape having aminimum of 75 % a
3、sbestos fiber by weight, excluding theweight of other inorganic reinforcing strands that may bepresent.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be u
4、sed independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition
5、to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to
6、thetest methods, Section 13, described in this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability
7、of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific hazard warning, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD1682 Methods of Test for Bre
8、aking Load and Elongationof Textile Fabrics4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3774 T
9、est Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven Fabrics3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D2946.3.2 asbestos textile, nthe hydro
10、us magnesium silicateserpentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having theempirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.4. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tapes are based on thenature of the yarns from which they are woven.4.1.1 Class ATape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing no reinfo
11、rcing standards.4.1.2 Class BTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Class DTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ETa
12、pe constructed of two or more of theyarns used in tape classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tape are based on thepercentage of asbestos content by mass as stated in Table 1.4.3 Types:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, classified on t
13、he basis of magnetic1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originall
14、yapproved in 1929. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D315 95(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/D0315_D0315M-95R09E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
15、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.rating determined by Test Method D1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.
16、Type II Magnetic Rating 0.75 maximumType IV Magnetic Rating 2.00 maximumType VI Magnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of primary importance as electrical insulationused on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Typ
17、e IV is intended for use where the asbestos is ofsecondary importance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric strength, as in the construction of heat andflame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof elec
18、tric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbestos is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filleror heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables or when usedas a lining for control enclosures (arc chutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Inf
19、ormation5.1 Woven asbestos tape is normally purchased on the basisof class, grade, type, mass per unit length (weight), width,length, and thickness as specified in the order.5.2 Rolls of asbestos tape are normally furnished in thefollowing lengths:Nominal Thickness Nominal Roll LengthUp to and inclu
20、ding 0.75 mm 0.03 in. 30 m 36 ydOver 0.75 mm 0.03 in. up to andincluding 1.5 mm 116 in.30 m 100 ftOver 1.5 mm 116 in. 15 or 30 m 50 or 100 ft5.3 Special roll lengths shall be as agreed upon between thebuyer and seller.5.4 At least 90 % of the number of rolls in the lots shall befurnished as one piec
21、e. No roll shall contain more than twopieces. The shortest piece shall not be less than 20 % of thespecified nominal roll length.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnAsbestos tape shall be uniformly woven from aspecified grade of asbestos yarn with or without reinforcement.6.2 Wire reinforcementThe w
22、ire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, rayon, or other spun or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe ino
23、rganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.6.5 It is permissible to use a maximum of two ends of yarnsother than asbestos in each selvage.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbestos Content The asbestos content of the particu-lar grade sp
24、ecified shall be in accordance with the limits statedin Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesTape to be used for elec-trical insulating purposes shall conform to the requirements inSpecification D2100.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile Breaking StrengthThe tensile (breaking)s
25、trength (breaking load) of asbestos tape shall be as agreedupon between the buyer and seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 The physical properties of woven asbestos tape shallconform to the requirements as specified in the order, subject tothe following tolerances:10.1.1 Width
26、The width of asbestos tape shall be withinthe following limits:Nominal Width Permissible LimitsUp to and including 25.4 mm 1 in. 61.5 mm 0.059 in.Over 25.4 mm 1 in. up to and including75 mm 3 in.62.5 mm 0.098 in.Over 75 mm 3 in. 63.0 mm 0.18 in.10.1.2 ThicknessThe thickness of asbestos tape shall be
27、within the following limits:Nominal Thickness Permissible LimitsUp to and including 0.75 mm 0.03 in. 60.05 mm 0.002 in.Over 0.75 mm 0.03 in. up to andincluding 1.5 mm 116 in.60.1 mm 0.005 in.Over 1.5 mm 116 in. + 0.25 mm 0.01 in.0.1 mm 0.005 in.10.1.3 Mass per Unit Length (Weight)The linear density(
28、weight) of asbestos tape shall be within 610 % of thespecified mass per unit length (weight).10.1.4 Fabric Count The total number of warp ends andfilling picks per 25 mm 1 in. shall be within the followinglimits:Total Warp Ends Permissible LimitsAll widths 610 % of the specified number of endsPicks
29、per 25 mm 1 in.20 or less per 25 mm 1 in. 61 pick per 25 mm 1 in.More than 20 per 25 mm 1 in. 65 % of the specified filling count.10.1.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yarn number (cut) shall beas specified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D299.11. Sampling11.1 From each lot of tap
30、e, take a lot sample in a randommanner to be representative of the lot in accordance with theschedule in Table 2. Cut a specimen from each roll taken fortest, each specimen to be the full width of the tape and at least1.5 m 5 ft long. The specimen may be taken from the cut endof the roll.TABLE 1 Gra
31、des of Woven Asbestos TapeGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excluding 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD315/D315M 95 (2009)1212. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition a
32、ll specimens (without preconditioning) fora period of 4 h, or until the specimen shows a progressivechange in mass of no more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5h, in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2%at21 6 1.1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURATION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the measu
33、rements ofthe width, thickness, mass per unit length (weight), and fabriccount for woven asbestos tape.13.2 Significance and UseThe measurements determinedon woven asbestos tapes establish their suitability for use invarious product applications. These dimensions constitute animportant part of the i
34、nformation specified on purchase con-tracts.13.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.4 Procedure:13.4.1 Width:13.4.1.1 Measure the width of the tape on each roll taken fortest by the use of a standard steel rule graduated in millimetres116-in. or finer divisions. Make the measurements while thetape lies flat a
35、nd without tension on a smooth surface. Makefive measurements at least 300 mm 1 ft apart in each roll.13.4.1.2 Report the average of the measurements on all rollsas the width of the lot under test.13.4.2 Thickness:13.4.2.1 Measure the thickness of the tape as directed inMethod D1777. Use a gage havi
36、ng a circular pressor foot witha nominal diameter of 9.5 mm 0.375 in. The pressor foot andmoving parts shall be weighted so as to apply a total load of170 6 3g66 0.1 oz equivalent in pressure to 23.4 kPa 3.4psi to the specimen. Make ten thickness measurements on aspecimen from each roll taken for te
37、st distributed approxi-mately uniformly along the specimen. Make no measurementon the selvage edge of the specimen.13.4.2.2 Report the average of all measurements as theaverage thickness of the lot.13.4.3 Linear Density:13.4.3.1 From each roll taken for test, cut a specimen notless than 1.5 m 5 ft i
38、n length and the full width of the tape,measuring the length of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm0.1 in., using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make sure that thespecimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh thespecimen to the nearest 0.1 g 0.01 oz. Using the averagelength and mass, calcula
39、te the linear density (weight) in kg/100m lb/100 ft.13.4.3.2 Report the average linear density (weight) in kg/100 m lb/100 ft as the linear density (weight) of the tape.13.4.4 Fabric Count:13.4.4.1 EndsDetermine the fabric count (warp yarnends per 25 mm 1 in. and filling yarn picks per 25 mm 1 in.on
40、 one or more specimens from each sample roll as directed inTest Method D3775.13.4.4.2 PicksReport the number of picks per 25 mm 1in. counted to the nearest individual warp yarn and the picksper 25 mm 1 in. calculated to the nearest filling yarn.13.4.4.3 Report the average number of picks per inchobs
41、erved for all specimens.13.5 Precision and BiasRefer to Section 14.13.6 Asbestos Content:13.6.1 Determine the asbestos content of one or morespecimens from each roll taken for test as directed in TestMethod D1918.13.6.2 Report the average asbestos content as directed inTest Method D1918.13.7 Tensile
42、 (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):13.7.1 Determine the breaking load, as directed in 13.7.2and 13.7.3. Use a specimen about 150 mm 6 in. long and anominal gage length of 75 mm 3 in. Use a constant rate oftraverse type tensile testing machine operated at 300 6 10 mm12 6 0.5 in./min. If agreed upon
43、 between the buyer andseller, a constant rate of elongation machine may be used.13.7.2 Tapes up to and Including 40 mm 1.5 in. WideMake five tests full width in the warp direction using clampshaving a nominal width of 50 mm 2 in.13.7.3 Tapes over 40 mm 1.5 in. WideTest five speci-mens taken in the w
44、arp direction by the Grab-Method asdirected in Test Methods D1682.13.7.4 Report the average of the results as the breaking loadof the lot tested.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data5An interlaboratory testwas run in 1974 in which randomly drawn samples of three5Supporting data have b
45、een filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1048.TABLE 2 Lot Sample SizeNumber of Rollsin Lot or ShipmentNumber of Rollsto Be Taken for Test50 and under 351 to 100 5101 to 250 7251 to 500 10501 to 700 12701 to 1000 151001 rolls and over 2 % of
46、 shipment rounded offto the next higher integerTABLE 3 Components of Variance for the Properties Listed, asStandard DeviationsProperty UnitsSingle-Operator InterlaboratoryRepeatability ReproducibilityWidth mm 0.719 0.328in. 0.0283 0.0129Thickness mm 0.043 0.030in. 0.0017 0.0012Fabric countWarp numbe
47、r 0.196 0.290Filling number 0.1811 0.1526Tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load)AWarp N 21.8 71.9lbf 4.91 16.17Linear density (weight) kg/100 m 0.3049 0.0902lb/100 ft 0.2049 0.0606AEach laboratory tensile (breaking) strength, or breaking load was on a differentvalue level.D315/D315M 95 (2009)13ma
48、terials were tested in four laboratories. One operator in eachlaboratory tested five specimens of each material. The compo-nents of variance expressed as standard deviations werecalculated to be the values listed in Table 3.14.2 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variance,two averages of obse
49、rved values should be considered signifi-cantly different at the 95 % probability level if the differenceequals or exceeds the critical differences listed in Table 4.NOTE 1The tabulated values of the critical differences and confidencelimits should be considered to be a general statement particularly withrespect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful s
