1、Designation: D 315 95 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Specification forWoven Asbestos Tape1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 315; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 13.3 to 1.3 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven asbestos tape having aminimum of 75 % asbe
3、stos fiber by weight, excluding theweight of other inorganic reinforcing strands that may bepresent.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos pr
4、oducts present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asb
5、estos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods, Section 13, described in this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
6、the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific hazard warning, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 299 Specification for Asbestos
7、 Yarns4D 1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos andProducts4D 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile FabricsD 1777 Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile Mate-rials4D 1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD 2100 Specification for Asbestos Textile
8、s Used for Elec-trical Insulating PurposesD 2946 Terminology Relating to AsbestosD 3774 Test Methods for Width of Woven FabricD 3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D 123. For asbesto
9、s terms,refer to Terminology D 2946.3.2 asbestos textile, nthe hydrous magnesium silicateserpentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having theempirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.4. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tapes are based on thenature of the yarns from which they are woven.4
10、.1.1 Class ATape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing no reinforcing standards.4.1.2 Class BTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTape constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Class DTape constructed of asbestos yarns c
11、ontain-ing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ETape constructed of two or more of theyarns used in tape classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tape are based on thepercentage of asbestos content by mass as stated in Table 1.4.3 Types:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for
12、 the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, classified on the basis of magneticrating determined by Test Method D 1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.Type II Magnetic Rating 0.75 maximum1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement
13、 Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1929. Discontinued 1989 and reinstated in 1995 as D 315 95. Last previousedition approved in 1999 as D
14、31595 (1999).2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withd
15、rawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Type IV Magnetic Rating 2.00 maximumType VI Magnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of primary importance as electr
16、ical insulationused on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is ofsecondary importance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric strength, as in the constructio
17、n of heat andflame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof electric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbestos is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filleror heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables or when usedas a lining for
18、 control enclosures (arc chutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Information5.1 Woven asbestos tape is normally purchased on the basisof class, grade, type, mass per unit length (weight), width,length, and thickness as specified in the order.5.2 Rolls of asbestos tape are normally fu
19、rnished in thefollowing lengths:Nominal Thickness Nominal Roll LengthUp to and including 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) 30 m (36 yd)Over 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) up to andincluding 1.5 mm (116 in.)30 m (100 ft)Over 1.5 mm (116 in.) 15 or 30 m (50 or 100 ft)5.3 Special roll lengths shall be as agreed upon between theb
20、uyer and seller.5.4 At least 90 % of the number of rolls in the lots shall befurnished as one piece. No roll shall contain more than twopieces. The shortest piece shall not be less than 20 % of thespecified nominal roll length.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnAsbestos tape shall be uniformly wove
21、n from aspecified grade of asbestos yarn with or without reinforcement.6.2 Wire reinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, ra
22、yon, or other spun or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.6.5 It is permissible to use a maximum of two ends of yarnsother than asbestos in each se
23、lvage.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbestos Content The asbestos content of the particu-lar grade specified shall be in accordance with the limits statedin Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesTape to be used for elec-trical insulating purposes shall conform to the requirements
24、inSpecification D 2100.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile Breaking StrengthThe tensile (breaking)strength (breaking load) of asbestos tape shall be as agreedupon between the buyer and seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 The physical properties of woven asbestos tape shallcon
25、form to the requirements as specified in the order, subject tothe following tolerances:10.1.1 WidthThe width of asbestos tape shall be withinthe following limits:Nominal Width Permissible LimitsUp to and including 25.4 mm (1 in.) 61.5 mm (0.059 in.)Over 25.4 mm (1 in.) up to and including75 mm (3 in
26、.)62.5 mm (0.098 in.)Over 75 mm (3 in.) 63.0 mm (0.18 in.)10.1.2 ThicknessThe thickness of asbestos tape shall bewithin the following limits:Nominal Thickness Permissible LimitsUp to and including 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) 60.05 mm (0.002 in.)Over 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) up to andincluding 1.5 mm (116 in.)60.1
27、mm (0.005 in.)Over 1.5 mm (116 in.) + 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)0.1 mm (0.005 in.)10.1.3 Mass per Unit Length (Weight)The linear density(weight) of asbestos tape shall be within 610 % of thespecified mass per unit length (weight).10.1.4 Fabric Count The total number of warp ends andfilling picks per 25 mm (
28、1 in.) shall be within the followinglimits:Total Warp Ends Permissible LimitsAll widths 610 % of the specified number of endsPicks per 25 mm (1 in.)20 or less per 25 mm (1 in.) 61 pick per 25 mm (1 in.)More than 20 per 25 mm (1 in.) 65 % of the specified filling count.10.1.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yar
29、n number (cut) shall beas specified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D 299.11. Sampling11.1 From each lot of tape, take a lot sample in a randommanner to be representative of the lot in accordance with theschedule in Table 2. Cut a specimen from each roll taken fortest, e
30、ach specimen to be the full width of the tape and at least1.5 m (5 ft) long. The specimen may be taken from the cut endof the roll.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditioning) fora period of 4 h, or until the specimen shows a progressiveTABLE 1 Grades of Woven Asbes
31、tos TapeGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excluding 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD 315 95 (2004)e12change in mass of no more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5h
32、, in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2%at21 6 1.1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURATION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the measurements ofthe width, thickness, mass per unit length (weight), and fabriccount for woven asbestos tape.13.2 Significance and UseThe measurements determinedon wove
33、n asbestos tapes establish their suitability for use invarious product applications. These dimensions constitute animportant part of the information specified on purchase con-tracts.13.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.4 Procedure:13.4.1 Width:13.4.1.1 Measure the width of the tape on each roll taken forte
34、st by the use of a standard steel rule graduated in millimetres(116-in.) or finer divisions. Make the measurements while thetape lies flat and without tension on a smooth surface. Makefive measurements at least 300 mm (1 ft) apart in each roll.13.4.1.2 Report the average of the measurements on all r
35、ollsas the width of the lot under test.13.4.2 Thickness:13.4.2.1 Measure the thickness of the tape as directed inMethod D 1777. Use a gage having a circular pressor foot witha nominal diameter of 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). The pressor foot andmoving parts shall be weighted so as to apply a total load of170
36、 6 3g(66 0.1 oz) equivalent in pressure to 23.4 kPa (3.4psi) to the specimen. Make ten thickness measurements on aspecimen from each roll taken for test distributed approxi-mately uniformly along the specimen. Make no measurementon the selvage edge of the specimen.13.4.2.2 Report the average of all
37、measurements as theaverage thickness of the lot.13.4.3 Linear Density:13.4.3.1 From each roll taken for test, cut a specimen notless than 1.5 m (5 ft) in length and the full width of the tape,measuring the length of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm(0.1 in.), using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make
38、sure that thespecimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh thespecimen to the nearest 0.1 g (0.01 oz). Using the averagelength and mass, calculate the linear density (weight) in kg/100m (lb/100 ft).13.4.3.2 Report the average linear density (weight) in kg/100 m (lb/100 ft) as the linear
39、density (weight) of the tape.13.4.4 Fabric Count:13.4.4.1 EndsDetermine the fabric count (warp yarnends per 25 mm (1 in.) and filling yarn picks per 25 mm (1 in.)on one or more specimens from each sample roll as directed inTest Method D 3775.13.4.4.2 PicksReport the number of picks per 25 mm (1in.)
40、counted to the nearest individual warp yarn and the picksper 25 mm (1 in.) calculated to the nearest filling yarn.13.4.4.3 Report the average number of picks per inchobserved for all specimens.13.5 Precision and BiasRefer to Section 14.13.6 Asbestos Content:13.6.1 Determine the asbestos content of o
41、ne or morespecimens from each roll taken for test as directed in TestMethod D 1918.13.6.2 Report the average asbestos content as directed inTest Method D 1918.13.7 Tensile (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):13.7.1 Determine the breaking load, as directed in 13.7.2and 13.7.3. Use a specimen about 15
42、0 mm (6 in.) long and anominal gage length of 75 mm (3 in.). Use a constant rate oftraverse type tensile testing machine operated at 300 6 10 mm(12 6 0.5 in.)/min. If agreed upon between the buyer andseller, a constant rate of elongation machine may be used.13.7.2 Tapes up to and Including 40 mm (1.
43、5 in.) WideMake five tests full width in the warp direction using clampshaving a nominal width of 50 mm (2 in.).13.7.3 Tapes over 40 mm (1.5 in.) WideTest five speci-mens taken in the warp direction by the Grab-Method asdirected in Test Methods D 1682.13.7.4 Report the average of the results as the
44、breaking loadof the lot tested.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data5An interlaboratory testwas run in 1974 in which randomly drawn samples of threematerials were tested in four laboratories. One operator in each5ASTM Research Report RR: D-13-1048 is available on loan from ASTMInterna
45、tional Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.TABLE 2 Lot Sample SizeNumber of Rollsin Lot or ShipmentNumber of Rollsto Be Taken for Test50 and under 351 to 100 5101 to 250 7251 to 500 10501 to 700 12701 to 1000 151001 rolls and over 2 % of shipment rounded offto the next h
46、igher integerTABLE 3 Components of Variance for the Properties Listed, asStandard DeviationsProperty UnitsSingle-Operator InterlaboratoryRepeatability ReproducibilityWidth mm 0.719 0.328(in.) (0.0283) (0.0129)Thickness mm 0.043 0.030(in.) (0.0017) (0.0012)Fabric countWarp number 0.196 0.290Filling n
47、umber (0.1811) (0.1526)Tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load)AWarp N 21.8 71.9(lbf) (4.91) (16.17)Linear density (weight) kg/100 m 0.3049 0.0902(lb/100 ft) (0.2049) (0.0606)AEach laboratory tensile (breaking) strength, or breaking load was on a differentvalue level.D 315 95 (2004)e13laboratory t
48、ested five specimens of each material. The compo-nents of variance expressed as standard deviations werecalculated to be the values listed in Table 3.14.2 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variance,two averages of observed values should be considered signifi-cantly different at the 95 % prob
49、ability level if the differenceequals or exceeds the critical differences listed in Table 4.NOTE 1The tabulated values of the critical differences and confidencelimits should be considered to be a general statement particularly withrespect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statementcan be made about two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias,if any, between them must be established, with each comparison beingbased on recent data obtained on specimens randomly dra
