1、Designation: D471 12aD471 15Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyEffect of Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D471; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate
3、the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositionsto withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (seePractice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) f
4、inished articlesof commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, andcompressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.212.2.2.1.2 Periodically, it is necessary to produce a new lot of an IRM oil to replace the dwindling
5、 supply of the current product. TheChairman of the subcommittee shall have the authority to approve the production of a replacement lot. Once produced, thetechnical data of the new lot shall be presented, in a comparative fashion, to that of the existing lot and balloted upon by themembership of the
6、 D11.15 subcommittee and, either subsequently or concurrently, balloted upon by the membership of the D11main committee for approval to release the new lot for distribution.1.3 In the event that an IRM oil becomes unavailable for distribution due to depletion, the Chairman of the subcommittee shallh
7、ave the authority to approve production of a new lot and, after a meeting of the task group, regularly scheduled, or not, to releasea quantity of the product for distribution sufficient enough only to address a backlog. Once the backlog is addressed, the processdescribed in 1.2 shall be followed.1.4
8、 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially availableand in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).1.5 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid
9、, is no longer commercially available and in2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details.1.6 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900 as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated as IRM905. The composition, and properties of this immersion oil
10、were not changed and the data in Table 1 remains current. Refer toAppendix X4 for other details.1.7 The specifications and properties listed in Table 1 for IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, and IRM 905 are also maintained inSpecification D5900.1.7.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method
11、D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in SpecificationD5900 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5year review or more frequently when necessary.1.8 Historical, technical, and background information regarding t
12、he conversion from ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTMNo. 3 Oils to IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 immersion oils is maintained in Practice D5964.1.8.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in PracticeD5964 to ensure that it is identical t
13、o that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5year review or more frequently when necessary.1.9 This test method includes the following:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
14、ttee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012July 1, 2015. Published January 2013October 2015. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asD471 12.D471 12a. DOI: 10.1520/D0471-12A.10.1520/D0471-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intende
15、d only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
16、versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Change in Mass (after immersion) Section 10Change in Volume (after immersion) Section 11Dimensional-
17、Change Method for Water-Insoluble Liq-uids and Mixed Liquids Section 12Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface Only Section 13Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by theLiquid Section 14Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness(after immersion) Section 15Change in Breaking Resist
18、ance, Burst Strength, TearStrength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics Section 16Calculation (of test results) Section 17TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference OilsProperty IRM 901A IRM 902 IRM 903 IRM 905 ASTM MethodSpecified Properties:Aniline Point, C (F) 124 1 (255 2) 93 3 (1
19、99 5) 70 1 (158 2) 115 1 (239 2) D611Aniline Point, C (F) 124 1 (255 2) 93 3 (199 5) 70 1 (158 2) 115 1 (239 2) D611Kinematic Viscosity(mm2/s cSt)38C (100F) . 31.934.1 . D44599C (210F) 18.1220.34 19.221.5 . 10.811.9 D445Gravity, API, 16C(60F)28.8 1 19.021.0 21.023.0 . D287Viscosity-Gravity Con-stant
20、0.7900.805 0.8600.870 0.8750.885 . D2140Viscosity-Gravity Con-stant0.7900.805 0.8600.870 0.8750.885 . D2501Flash Point COC, C(F)243(469) min 232 (450) min 163 (325) min 243 (469) min D92Naphthenics, CN (%) 27 (avg) 35 min 40 min . D2140Paraffinics, CP (%) 65 min 50 max 45 max . D2140Typical Properti
21、es:Pour Point, C (F) 12 (10) 12 (10) 31 (24) 15 (5) D97ASTM Color L 3.5 L 2.5 L 0.5 L 1.0 D1500Refractive Index 1.4848 1.5105 1.5026 1.4808 D1747UV Absorbance, 260 nm 0.8 4.0 2.2 . D2008Aromatics, CA (%) 3 12 14 4 D2140A Refer to Appendix X3. Table X3.1 reflects the differences in the properties bet
22、ween ASTM No. 1 Oil and IRM 901 for reference purposes.TABLE 2 IRM 901 2012 Batch Test ResultsProperty Method 2005 BatchCOA 2005 BatchCurrent 2012 Sample Data 2012 BatchAverageViscosity, cSt99C D445 19.58 19.518.8 18.7 18.8 18.7 18.818.8 18.8 18.9 18.7Gravity, API16C D287 28.6 28.928.9 28.9 28.8 28.
23、9 28.928.9 28.9 28.9 28.9Flash PointCOC, C D92 287 313306 289 292 288 296299 303 294 294Aniline Point,C D611 123.8 124.7124.8 124.8 124.7 124.3 124.5124.8 124.8 124.9 124.6Viscosity-Gravity Con-stantD2140 0.796 0.7980.799 0.799 0.800 0.7990.799Viscosity-Gravity Con-stantD2501 0.796 0.798 0.7990.7990
24、.799 0.799 0.799 0.799Naphthenics,Cn% D2140 2426 26 27 28 2726 26 27 29Paraffinics,Cp% D2140 70 7271 71 69 70 7171 71 71 70D471 152Change in Mass (after immersion) Section 11Change in Volume (after immersion) Section 12Dimensional-Change Method for Water-Insoluble Liq-uids and Mixed Liquids Section
25、13Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface Only Section 14Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by theLiquid Section 15Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness(after immersion) Section 16Change in Breaking Resistance, Burst Strength, TearStrength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics Se
26、ction 17Calculation (of test results) Section 181.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibili
27、tyof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of
28、 Petroleum ProductsD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity
29、)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1217 Test Method for Density and Rela
30、tive Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternational HardnessD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous MaterialsD2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance
31、and Absorptivity of Petroleum ProductsD2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2501 Test Method for Calculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant (VGC) of Petroleum OilsD2699 Test Method for Resea
32、rch Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing StandardVulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from ProductsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for
33、Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing IndustriesD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5900 Specification for
34、 Physical and Chemical Properties of Industry Reference Materials (IRM)D5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, ASTM No. 3Oils, and IRM 905 formerly ASTM No. 5 OilE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 SAE
35、 Standards:3J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method provides procedures for exposing test specimens to the influence of liquids under definite conditions oftemperature and time. The resulting deterioration is determined by measuring the changes in physi
36、cal properties, such asstress/strain properties, hardness, and changes in mass, volume, and dimension, before and after immersion in the test liquid.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standa
37、rdsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.D471 1533.2 The precision statement in Section 1920 is based on an interlaboratory test program run in 1981, us
38、ing six different rubberswith ASTM Reference Fuels B, C, D4 and ASTM Oils No. 1 and No. 3.3.3 The precision statement in Appendix X2 is based on an interlaboratory test program conducted in 1993 to establishreplacements forASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3. Because of the limited number of participating lab
39、oratories, only repeatability couldbe evaluated, and it was necessary to use pooled values of four No. 2 type oils (No. 2 plus three candidate replacement oils) andfour No. 3 type oils (No. 3 plus three candidate replacement oils). Twelve rubbers were tested in this program.3.4 ASTM Oils No. 1, No.
40、2, and No. 3 have been replaced by IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903, respectively.4. Significance and Use4.1 Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels,and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or in
41、termittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.4.2 Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, whichcan result in partial failure.4.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accel
42、erated testing, but may not give any directcorrelation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to basejudgment as to expected service quality.4.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, re
43、feree purposes, and research anddevelopment work.5. Test Conditions5.1 Temperature and Immersion PeriodsUnless otherwise specified the test temperature and immersion period shall be asindicated in Table 3, depending upon the anticipated service conditions, unless otherwise agreed upon between custom
44、er andsupplier:5.1.1 When the temperature of the testing room is other than the standard 23 6 2C (73 6 4F) the temperature of test shallbe reported.5.1.2 When the relative humidity (RH %) of the testing environment is known to effect the performance of a test liquid, the RH% shall be reported.5.1.3
45、The choice of the immersion period will depend upon the nature of the vulcanizate, the test temperature, and the liquidto be used. To obtain information on the rate of deterioration it is necessary to make determinations after several immersionperiods.5.1.4 The tolerance for any immersion period sha
46、ll be 615 min or 61 % of the immersion period, whichever is greater.4 The sole source of supply of the reference fuels known to the committee at this time is Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP, 10001 Six Pines Drive, The Woodlands,TX 77380. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provid
47、e this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.TABLE 3 Test Temperatures and Immersion PeriodsTemperature in C (F) ImmersionPeriod, h75 2 (103 4) 85 2 (185 4) 2255 2 (67
48、 4) 100 2 (212 4) 4640 2 (40 4) 125 2 (257 4) 7025 2 (13 4) 150 2 (302 4) 16610 2 (14 4) 175 2 (347 4) 6700 2 (32 4) 200 2 (392 4) 100623 2 (73 4) 225 2 (437 4) 299850 2 (122 4) 250 2 (482 4) 499070 2 (158 4)TABLE 3 A: Test TemperaturesTemperature in C (F)75 2 (103 4) 85 2 (185 4)55 2 (67 4) 100 2 (
49、212 4)40 2 (40 4) 125 2 (257 4)25 2 (13 4) 150 2 (302 4)10 2 (14 4) 175 2 (347 4)0 2 (32 4) 200 2 (392 4)23 2 (73 4) 225 2 (437 4)50 2 (122 4) 250 2 (482 4)70 2 (158 4)D471 1545.1.5 The immersion periods enumerated in Table 3 are frequently used, and are considered standard; however, they may bevaried according to a materials testing re
