1、Designation: D519 04 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forLength of Fiber in Wool Top1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the averagelength and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on amass-biased basis. The method
3、 is applicable to all types offibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.NOTE 1The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in TestMethod D1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wooland in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in TestMethod D1234,
4、 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length ofGrease Wool.NOTE 2This test method specifically requires length in inches andmass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units inparentheses are provided for information only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to
6、 TextilesD1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Lengthof Grease WoolD1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in ScouredWool and in Card SliverD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4845 Terminology Relating to Wool3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of textile terms
7、 used in thistest method refer to Terminology D4845.3.1.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite lengthincrements, is determined for each specimen or group ofspecimens forming one
8、 sample. From the data obtained, theweight-biased average fiber length and the weight-biaseddistribution is calculated. A cumulative weight average lengthfrequency curve may be plotted.5. Significance and Use5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribu-tion of fibers is of primary impo
9、rtance to users of top in furtherprocessing.5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and lengthdistribution may be established by the user based on the type ofyarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.5.3 Test Method D519 for testing wool top for fiber lengthis considered sat
10、isfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments since the method has been used extensively in thetrade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of thebetween-laboratory precisions are acceptable.5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using th
11、is test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two p
12、arties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimensshould then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using Stud
13、ents t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of the knownbias.1This test method i
14、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D519 04(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D0519-0
15、4R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websiteCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(Front View) (Rear View)1Frame. 5Drawing clamp.2Faller bars. 6Depressor.3Side comb. 7Plush board.4Retaining bars. 8Faller bar lifting plate.FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling ApparatusTABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Avera
17、ge Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, andCoefficient of VariationNOTE 1When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to thenearest 0.2 mm.Class Intervals, in. Mass, g PercentagesCumulative FrequenciesFirst
18、Cumulative,less thanSecond Cumulative,less than6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.15.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.15.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.54.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.64.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.93.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.33.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.22.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.82.
19、0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.01.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.51.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.50.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.10 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7Totals 0.586 100.0 = 840.1 4363.3Divided by percentages F1= 8.40 F2= 43.63B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.m =
20、 the class interval = 0.5 in.Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.Calculations:X5B2mF121!56.2520.58.4021!52.55 in.s5m=2F22F12F1250.5 =87.2628.40270.5651.44 in.v = 100 (/X) = 100 (1.4/2.6) = 56.47 %.where:X= average fiber length of wool,s = standard deviation, andv = coefficient of variation.D51
21、9 04 (2013)26. Apparatus6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibersinto 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups.3The essential parts are shown inFig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).NOTE 3Essentially,
22、 the same facilities can be secured with two Baeror two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, orcorroded pins (2, Fig. 1).6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, andimpart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).6.1.3 Depressor
23、, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) indiameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a18-in. (3-mm)wall thickness.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takefour lot sampl
24、ing units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000 lb(9000 kg) or fraction thereof.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, draw one section of sliver from the balled top, atleast 1 yd (1 m) in length from each lot sample unit. Materialshould be taken from the outside of the ba
25、lled top. Wind thesamples by hand onto cardboard cylinders under a tension ofapproximately 4.9 N and with a twist of approximately fiveturns per metre. These conditions can be produced conve-niently as follows: Clamp a 0.45-kg mass onto one end of thesliver while holding the other end of the sliver
26、in one hand,insert five turns of twist. Wind the sliver onto the cardboardcylinder while maintaining the tension and twist.7.3 SpecimenUse each laboratory sample unit (a sectionof sliver from each lot sample unit) as a separate specimen fora complete test or combine the four laboratory sample units
27、toform a single specimen, if appropriate.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the laboratory sample, still on the cardboardcylinders, from the prevailing atmosphere to moisture equilib-rium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.8.2 Determine that moisture equilibrium for testing has beenreached as dir
28、ected in Practice D1776.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.9.2 Place the sorter so that the tops of the faller bars arelevel with the operators hand and forearm when bent at theelbow in a horizontal position. Face the stapling apparatus (1
29、,Fig. 1) with side comb (3, Fig. 1) extended and locked at theright side of the sorter as viewed by the operator. Lift andsecure the faller bars (2, Fig. 1) in a horizontal position.9.3 Immediately prior to performing the test, take one sliverfrom the cardboard cylinder. Holding the sliver under lig
30、httension place it on the pins on the right-hand side in such a waythat approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of sliver extends in front ofthe first faller bar and press down with the depressor (6, Fig. 1).The specimen should be confined to a width of not more than112 in. (38 mm).9.4 Using the hands, take an
31、d discard small amounts offibers not to exceed12-in. (12.7-mm) increments from theoverhanging end of the sliver until not more than 114 in. (30mm) extends forward of the front faller bar.9.5 By means of the drawing clamp (5, Fig. 1) pull off theprojecting fibers until the over-hanging portion of the
32、 sliver issquared and has an edge approximately34 in. (20 mm) forwardof the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers acrossthe full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed116 in. (1.6mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pull the fibers
33、straight out slowly and pass them twice gently through thesmall combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the smallcombing bar (Note 5).NOTE 4The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of thefibers affect the weight of the wool per draw. The weight per draw with thebite not in excess of116
34、 in. (1.6 mm) should be approximately 25 to 30 mgon an average fine wool top and somewhat higher on coarser wool top.NOTE 5The fibers are passed through the small combing bar toremove loose, broken, short or entangled fibers that are not grasped by theclamp. This action also helps to maintain the pa
35、rallel alignment of thefibers.9.7 Place the fibers held in the clamp on the left bank of pinsin the following manner: Starting at the back, pull the tuft offibers forward, across the top of the needles. Depress the fiberslightly with the hand to the needle points as the fibers held bythe clamp are d
36、rawn forward, the intent being to straighten butnot stretch the fibers.9.8 Release the fibers when the nose of the clamp is exactlyin line with the needle points of the front faller bar. Thelocation at which the fibers are released is important. If therelease point is not correct, carefully remove a
37、nd discard theincorrect fiber group and make a replacement draw of fibers.9.9 Press the released fibers down slowly between the pinswith the depressor held level.9.10 By means of the drawing clamp, repeatedly removeand discard the projecting fibers from the overhanging sliverspecimen until the edge
38、is again even.9.11 Repeat the procedure in 9.5-9.10 until a bundle offibers that will weigh from 500 to 1000 mg has been accumu-lated. In order to accumulate the required weight (mass), it maybe necessary to reposition the specimen, repeating the stepsoutlined in 9.3 and 9.4 (Note 6). As draws are p
39、laced onto theleft bank of combs, spread the fibers over a width of approxi-mately 2 in. (50 mm).NOTE 6A single test may be made from one to four sliver specimensof a single sample by taking an equal number of draws from each of the3Apparatus meeting these requirements furnished by Alfred Suter Co.,
40、 PrellPlaza, Orangeburg, NY, has been found satisfactory.D519 04 (2013)3sliver specimens to make a composite test.9.12 When the test has been completed to this point, removestraggler fibers or single fibers that protrude past the fringe atthe first bar.NOTE 7The normal fringe at this point of the te
41、st is a light fuzz infront of the front row of pins.Aheavy fuzz, or no fuzz, indicates improperlay-up, in which case discard the specimen and start a fresh lay-up. Anormal fringe should not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm).9.13 Remove and discard the remaining sliver from the rightbank of the sorter.9.14 Plac
42、e the removable retaining bars in position with theneedles downward into the fiber bundle and turn the apparatus180. Drop the comb bars one at a time until the longest fibersprotrude. Discard obviously loose fibers.9.15 Determine the distance from the front bar to the last barthat has been dropped.
43、Record this distance as the longestclass-interval, which serves as a guide for establishing theclass-intervals for the calculation of the test. All class-intervalsare12 in. (12.7 mm).9.16 Using the drawing clamp, 5, remove in successivedraws the fibers projecting from the next bar. Avoid disturbingt
44、he remaining fibers. Do not exert pressure on the next bar withthe clamp. Accumulate all the fibers in the class-interval on aplush board in parallel array. Roll the fibers together and forma loop for weighing.9.17 Lower the next front bar and repeat 9.16 until all thefibers have been removed in eac
45、h class-interval. When draw-ings are made at the final14-in. (6.4-mm) increments, pool thefibers from each pair into one class-interval.9.18 Weigh the fibers in each class-interval to the nearest0.1 mg and record the weights on a data sheet (see Table 1).9.19 If a composite test is not made, repeat
46、the aboveprocedure with the other three specimens to secure individualresults.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average fiber length, the standarddeviation, and the coefficient of variation as outlined in Table1.10.2 Plot the cumulative frequency curve from the data as inFig. 2, locating the points
47、on the graph at the upper cellboundaries, Table 1.NOTE 8For further information on plotting frequency curves, seeASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.411. Report11.1 State that the test was performed as directed in ASTMTest Method D519. Describe the material or product samp
48、ledand the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Average length to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.2 Standard deviation of the fiber length to the nearest0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.3 Coefficient of variation of the fiber length in percent,11.2.4 Percentage of fibers und
49、er 1 in. (25.4 mm) and11.2.5 Cumulative length frequency curve (Fig. 2).12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory test carried out in 1964with twelve U.S. and European laboratories participating with4ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, STP15D, ASTM, 1976.FIG. 2 Cumulative Length-Frequency CurveD519 04 (2013)4a total of 72 tests on three tops having an average fiber lengthof 2.5 in. (63 mm), 3.0 in. (76 mm), and 3.25 in. (82 mm)showed a between-laboratories range of average length of 0.2in. (5.
