1、Designation: D2565 16Standard Practice forXenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for OutdoorApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers specific procedu
3、res and test condi-tions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plasticsconducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. Thispractice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the testconditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of testresults.1.2 The values stated in SI
4、units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter,but differ in technical content.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、ASTM Standards:2D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials (Withdrawn 1998)3D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index ofPlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG113 Terminology Relating to Nat
7、ural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Mater
8、ials in Accel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Laborato
9、ryLight SourcesPart 2, Xenon Arc Lamp2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:5SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-A
10、rc Ap-paratus3. Terminology3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable tothis practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration ofits electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused byexposure to light, heat, and water can be very signific
11、ant formany applications. This practice is intended to induce propertychanges associated with end-use conditions, including theeffects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used inthis practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration causedby localized weather phenomena, such as, atmos
12、phericpollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in
13、 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2565 - 99(08). DOI:10.1520/D2565-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、 page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., W
15、arrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 CautionVariations in results are possible when oper-ating conditions are varied
16、 within the accepted limits of thispractice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practicemust be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance withSection 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used.Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveatsapplicable to use
17、 of results obtained in accordance with thispractice.NOTE 2Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and dataanalysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.3 Reproducibility of test results betwe
18、en laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.6,7Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended.
19、It is preferable thatthe number of specimens of the control material be the same asthat used for test materials. It is recommended that at leastthree replicates of each material be exposed to allow forstatistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperat
20、e the equipment in accordance with Practice G155.Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedomfrom salts or other deposits from water, temperature andhumidity control, and condition and age of the lamp and filters.5. Apparatus5.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conform to the require-
21、ments defined in Practices G151 and G155.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1 in Practice G155 for a xenon lamp withdaylight filters.6. Test Specimen6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed wil
22、l bedetermined by the specifications of the particular test methodused to evaluate the effects of the exposure on the specimens;the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned.Where practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized tofit specimen holders and racks supplied with the e
23、xposureapparatus. Unless supplied with a specific backing as anintegral part of the test, specimens shall be mounted so thatonly the minimum specimen area required for support by theholder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not beused as part of the test area. In cases where it is necessa
24、ry tosupport flexible specimens during exposure, attach the flexiblespecimens to a thin supporting panel.NOTE 3For supporting flexible specimens, aluminum panels that are0.025 in. (0.64 mm) thick have been found to be acceptable for manyapplications.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least th
25、ree repli-cate specimens of each test material and of the control material,if used.6.3 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of allmaterials evaluated.6.3.1 For destructive tests, it is preferred to retain unex-posed file specimens. When this practice is followed, ensurethat sufficient file sp
26、ecimens are retained so that the property ofinterest can be measured on the file specimens for all plannedevaluations of the exposed materials.NOTE 4Since it is possible that the stability of the file specimen is alsotime-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods,or where s
27、mall differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,it is possible that comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimenis invalid. The stored initial measurements of the file specimens arerecommended wherever possible.6.4 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 foriden
28、tification and conditioning and handling of test specimens,control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.6.5 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results are possible using this method, since
29、 themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.6.6 Since it is possible that the thickness of a specimen willmarkedly affect the results, thickness of test and controlspecimens shall be within 610 % of the nominal dimensio
30、ns.NOTE 5The thickness of a specimen is especially important whenmechanical properties are being investigated.7. Procedure7.1 If performance comparisons are not being made be-tween the test materials themselves, it is recommended that acontrol material be exposed simultaneously with experimentalmate
31、rials for determination of relative performance. All con-cerned parties must agree on the control material used.7.2 Practice G155 lists a number of exposure cycles that areused for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Table 1lists some of these cycles. It is possible to use any exposurecond
32、itions as long as the exact conditions are detailed in thereport. The exposure cycles listed in the table are not neces-sarily preferred and no recommendation is implied. Thesecycles are provided for reference only. Obtain mutual agree-ment among all concerned parties for the specific exposurecycle
33、used. Each setpoint and its tolerances found in Table 1represent an operational control point for equilibrium condi-tions at a single location in the cabinet that has the potential notto represent the uniformity of those conditions throughout thecabinet.NOTE 6Spray, condensation, and immersion are d
34、ifferent kinds ofmoisture exposures and frequently produce different results.6Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, eds.,Ameri
35、can Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.7Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materialsin Accelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report No. 30, available fromNIST, Gaithersburg, MD.D2565 162TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Expos
36、ure Testing of PlasticsACycle Number Cycle DescriptionBParameter Set PointC,D,E,FMaximum AllowedOperationalFluctuationC,D,ETypical UsesG1H102 minutes of lightfollowed by 18 minutesof light and front sprayIrradiance 0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Historical conventionJ41.5 W/m2from 300 to400
37、nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature63C 2Crepeat1AH102 minutes of lightfollowed by 18 minutesof light and front sprayIrradiance 0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Modified historicalconvention with airtemperature andhumidity control optionJ41.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Bl
38、ack PanelTemperature63C 2CAir Temperature 47CI2CRelative Humidity 50 % 10 %repeat2H18 h, consisting ofalternating 102 minutesof light followed by 18minutes of light andfront sprayIrradiance 0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) General plasticsJ41.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black Pa
39、nelTemperature63C 2C6 h dark, with no watersprayUninsulated Black PanelTemperature38C 2CRelative Humidity 95 % +5 /10 %repeat2AH18 h, consisting ofalternating 102 minutesof light followed by 18minutes of light andfront sprayIrradiance 0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Modified generalplastics w
40、ith airtemperature controloptionJ41.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature63C 2CAir Temperature 47CI2CRelative Humidity 50 %K10 %6 h dark, with no watersprayUninsulated Black PanelTemperature38C 2CAir Temperature 38C 2CRelative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %repeat3H1.5 h light fo
41、llowed by0.5 h light and frontwater sprayIrradiance 0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Fabrics41.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature77C 2CRelative Humidity 70 % 10 %repeatD2565 163TABLE 1 ContinuedCycle Number Cycle DescriptionBParameter Set PointC,D,E,FMaximum Allo
42、wedOperationalFluctuationC,D,ETypical UsesG4K,L40 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Automotive exterior65.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature70C 2CAir Temperature 47C 2CRelative Humidity 50 % 10 %20 minutes light withfront water sprayIrradi
43、ance 0.55 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm)65.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature70C (158F) See Footnote EAir Temperature 47C 2C60 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm)65.5 W/m2from 300 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature70C 2CAi
44、r Temperature 47C 2CRelative Humidity 50 % 10 %60 minutes dark withfront and back sprayUninsulated Black PanelTemperature38C See Footnote EAir Temperature 38C 2CRelative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %repeat5K,M3.8 h light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m2nm) at 340nm or0.02 W/(m2nm) Automotive interior65.5 W/m2from 30
45、0 to400 nm2.5 W/m2Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature89C 2CAir Temperature 62C 2CRelative Humidity 50 % 10 %1.0 dark Uninsulated Black PanelTemperature38C 2CAir Temperature 38C 2CRelative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %repeatAThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not
46、 necessarily recommended for the applications shown.BUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.CUnless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points given in Table 1, Set Point column,
47、is within the specified limitsspecified in Table 1, Operational Fluctuation column. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with the machine settings after the equipment has stabilized,discontinue the test and correct the cause of the disagreement before continuing.DSet points and operationa
48、l fluctuations are listed in separate columns in Table 1. They are sometimes listed as set point operational fluctuation. The set point is thetarget condition for the sensor used at the operational control point as programmed by the user. Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated se
49、t point at thecontrol point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor during equilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the operational controlpoint, the operational fluctuation can exceed no more than the listed value at equilibrium. Therefore, when a standard calls for a particular set point, the user programsthat exact number. The operational fluctuations specified with the set point do not imply that the user is allowed to
