1、Designation: D 2581 02Standard Classification System forPolybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This classification system covers polybutylene plasticsmaterials suitable for molding and extrusion.1.2 This cla
3、ssification system allows for the use of thosepolybutylene plastic materials that can be recycled, reconsti-tuted, and reground, provided the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this classification systemand other guideline pertaining to these materials are met, and1.2.2
4、 The material has not been modified in any way to alterits conformance to water contact regulations or other similarrequirements.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrindmaterial used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this cla
5、ssificationsystem. It is the responsibility of the supplier and buyer ofrecycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-pliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system arethose required to characterize and classify the specific product.Other properties may be necessary
6、 to identify particularcharacteristics important to specialized applications. Thesemay be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.Properties shall be selected in such a manner that consistencyof different lots or shipments is assured. The tests involved inthis classification system are int
7、ended to provide informationfor identifying materials in accordance with types and catego-ries. It is not the function of this classification system toprovide specific engineering data for design purposes.1.5 This classification system and subsequent line callout(specification) are intended to provi
8、de a means of calling outplastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts.It is not intended for the selection of materials. Materialselection should be made by those having expertise in theplastic field after careful consideration of the design and theperformance required of the part
9、, the environment to which itwill be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, thecosts involved, and the inherent properties of the material otherthan those covered by this standard.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for i
10、nformationonly.NOTE 1ISO 8986 Parts 1 and 2 resemble this standard in title, buttheir content is significantly different.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system:This standard does not purport to address all of the saf
11、etyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plas
12、tics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1505 Test Met
13、hod for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin PlasticsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 5033 Guide f
14、or Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled PlasticsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsF 699 Practice for Accelerated Conditioning of Polybuty-lene Pipe
15、and Tubing for Subsequent Quality ControlTesting1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.12 on Olefin Plastics.Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypublished as D
16、2581 67. Last previous edition D 2581 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Chang
17、es section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 Except for the terms defin
18、ed below, the terminologyused in this classification system is in accordance with Termi-nologies D 883 and D 1600.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 internal recycled materialclean rework materialgenerated from the manufacturers own resin production.3.2.2 polybutylene plasticsp
19、lastics prepared by the poly-merization of no less than 85 % butene-1 and no less than 95 %of total olefins by weight.4. Classification4.1 This classification system recognizes that polybutyleneplastics are identified on the basis of two characteristics, that is,density and flow rate. The former is
20、the criterion for assign-ment as to type, the latter for designation as to category.4.2 TypesThis classification system provides for threetypes of polybutylene molding and extrusion materials inaccordance with the requirements in Table 1. Material suppliedunder these types shall be of such nominal d
21、ensity, within theranges given.4.3 CategoriesThis classification system provides for sixgrades of polybutylene on the basis of flow rate ranges inaccordance with the requirements of Table 2. Material suppliedunder these grades shall be of such nominal flow rate, withinthe ranges given.4.4 ClassesEac
22、h of the three types is subdivided intothree classes, in accordance with use and composition, asfollows:4.4.1 Class AGeneral-purpose and dielectric, unpig-mented.4.4.2 Class BGeneral-purpose and dielectric, in colors(including black and white).4.4.3 Class CWeather-resistant (black) containing notles
23、s than 2 % carbon black. The carbon black shall be of a kindand particle size (Note 2), and dispersed by such means and tosuch degree, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.NOTE 2Carbon black, 20 nm or less in average particle diameter, isused, as required, in black electrical and
24、 jacketing materials to impartmaximum weather resistance.4.5 Material in any of the preceding three classes may besupplied with or without any antioxidant or other additive asappropriate.5. Suffixes5.1 When additional requirements are needed that are notcovered by the basic requirements or cell-tabl
25、e requirements,they shall be indicated through the use of suffixes.5.2 A list of suffixes can be found in Classification SystemD 4000 (Table 3) and may be used for additional requirementsas appropriate. Additional suffixes will be added to thatstandard as test methods and requirements are developed
26、andrequested.6. General Requirements6.1 Basic requirements from the property tables are alwaysin effect unless superseded by specific suffix requirements,which always take precedence.6.2 The compound, in the form of molding powder, gran-ules, or pellets, shall be of uniform composition and soformula
27、ted as to conform to the requirements of this classifi-cation system.6.3 The compound shall be as free of foreign matter as canbe achieved by good manufacturing practice and as appropriatefor the application.7. Detail Requirements7.1 Extrusion and Molding CompoundMolded test speci-mens shall conform
28、 to the requirements prescribed for theparticular type and category in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3and suffix requirements as they apply.7.2 For purposes of determining conformance, all specifiedlimits for the specification (line callout) based on this classifi-cation system are absolute limits, as
29、 defined in Practice E29.7.2.1 With the absolute method, an observed value or acalculated value is not rounded, but is compared directly withthe limiting value. Conformance or nonconformance is basedon this comparison.8. Sampling8.1 The compound shall be sampled in accordance with thesampling proced
30、ure described in Practice E 105. Adequatestatistical sampling prior to packaging shall be considered anacceptable alternative. Sampling shall be statistically adequateto satisfy the requirements of 12.4.8.2 Abatch or lot of molding material shall be considered asa unit of manufacture as prepared for
31、 shipment, and mayconsist of a blend of two or more production runs of material.9. Specimen Preparation and Number of Tests9.1 Unless otherwise specified, test specimens shall becompression-molded under conditions recommended by themanufacturer.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, B
32、ldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.TABLE 1 Classification of Polybutylene Molding and ExtrusionMaterials According to TypeType Density Range, (kg/m3) g/cm3I 0.905 to 0.909II 0.909 to 0.920II, colored and filled 0.920 to 0.950TABLE 2 Classification of Polybuty
33、lene Molding and ExtrusionMaterials According to CategoryCategory Flow Rate, g/10 min0 0.75 to 2.53 2.5to104 10 to 2555D25810229.2 One set of test specimens, as prescribed in the testmethods cited in Section 11, shall be considered sufficient fortesting each batch or lot. The average result for the
34、specimenstested shall conform to the requirements prescribed in thisclassification system.10. Conditioning10.1 Conditioning240/23/50-molded test sheets shall beheld at 23 6 20C (73.4 6 3.60F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for 10 days prior to the performance of any test. Testspecimens shall be cut a
35、fter this aging period.NOTE 3For pipe and tubing applications an accelerated conditioningtechnique may be applied to bring the polybutylene to a stable state forquality control testing. Applying hydrostatic pressure transforms thepolybutylene from the unstable Type II crystalline structure to the st
36、ableType I crystalline structure. Details of this conditioning technique areaddressed in Practice F 699.10.2 Test ConditionsTests shall be conducted in the stan-dard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 506 5 % relative humidity as defined by Practice D 618.11. Test Methods11.1 The pro
37、perties enumerated in this classification systemshall be determined in accordance with the following testmethods:11.1.1 DensityTest Method D 1505 or Test MethodsD 792.11.1.2 Flow RateTest Method D 1238, using Condition190/2.16. It may be necessary to dry samples containing carbonblack before running
38、 this test, if reproducible results are to beobtained. The manufacturers recommendation should be fol-lowed.11.1.3 Tensile PropertiesTest Method D 638, 500 mm (20in.)/min. Specimens shall conform to the dimensions given forType IV in Test Method D 638, with their thicknesses to be 1.96 0.2 mm (0.075
39、 6 0.008 in.). Bench mark separation shall be25.40 6 0.38 mm (1.000 6 0.015 in.). Percentage elongationat break shall include the cold drawing distance. Test results forspecimens that break outside the gage marks after extensivecold drawing need not be discarded unless the break occursbetween the co
40、ntact surfaces of a grip.11.1.4 Carbon Black ContentTest Method D 1603.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection and certification of the material suppliedwith reference to a specification based on this classificationsystem shall be for conformance to the requirements specifiedherein.12.2 Lot-acceptance inspect
41、ion shall be on the basis onwhich acceptance or rejection of the lot is made. The lot-acceptance inspection shall consist of:12.2.1 Density12.2.2 Melt Flow Rate12.2.3 Tensile Strength12.2.4 Tensile Stress at Yield12.2.5 Tensile Elongation at Break12.3 Periodic check inspection with reference to a sp
42、ecifi-cation based on this classification system shall consist of thetests for all requirements of the material under the specifica-tion. Inspection frequency shall be adequate to ensure thematerial is certifiable in accordance with 12.4.12.4 Certification shall be that the material was manufac-ture
43、d by a process in statistical control, sampled, tested, andinspected in accordance with this classification system, andthat the average values for the lot meet the requirements of thespecification (line callout).12.5 A report of test results shall be furnished when re-quested. The report shall consi
44、st of results of the lot-acceptanceinspection for the shipment and the percent by weight ofrecycled plastic, as defined in 3.1 of Guide D 5033,ifre-quested.13. Packaging and Package Marking13.1 PackagingThe material shall be packaged in stan-dard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensureacc
45、eptance by common or other carriers for safe transportationat the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwisespecified in the contract or order.13.2 MarkingUnless otherwise agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser, shipping containers shall bemarked with the name of the mater
46、ial and its manufacturer,type, quantity contained, the manufacturers lot number, andthe number of the order.13.3 The provisions of Practice D 3892 apply to packaging,packing, and marking of containers for plastic materials.14. Keywords14.1 classification system; line callout; polybutylene; re-cycled
47、; specificationTABLE 3 Detail Requirements for Polybutylene Molded Test SpecimensProperty Type I Type IIType II, Coloredand FilledTensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 20.7 (3000) 20.7 (3000) 20.7 (3000)Yield strength, min, MPa (psi) 10.3 (1500) 13.8 (2000) 13.8 (2000)Elongation at break, min, % 300 300
48、280D2581023QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS FOR GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENTSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThese requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.S2. Selection of Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) and ofInspection Level (IL) shall be made, with consider
49、ation of thespecific use requirements. This is discussed in the sections onMeans and Standard Deviations and Comparison of SamplingPlans of the above document, with reference to MIL-STD-105.S3. In the absence of contrary requirements, the followingvalues shall apply:IL AQLDefects of appearance and workmanship II 2.5Defects of preparation for delivery S-2 2.5Testing (products) S-1 1.5Testing (polymer, unfabricated) S-1A._ASamples shall be drawn from the required number of units and pooled forpreparation of molded samples for mechanical properties e
