1、Designation: D2625 94 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forEndurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of SolidFilm Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of D
3、efense.1. Scope1.1 This test method (see Note 1) covers the determinationof the endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of drysolid film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.NOTE 1Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council,Inc. (CRC) Report No. 419, “Development of
4、Research Technique forMeasuring Wear Life of Bonded Solid Lubricant Coatings for Airframes,Using the Falex Tester.” See also Military Specification MIL-L-8937(ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods 3807 and 3812 of Federal TestMethod 791a.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard
5、 except where equipment is supplied using inch-poundunits and would then be regarded as standard. The metricequivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the bodyof the standard may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Barand Shapes f
7、or Use in Screw MachinesF22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by theWater-Break Test2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:3MIL-L-8937MIL-P-16232F Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese orZinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)2.3 Other Standards:442USC7671a Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990Federal Test Metho
8、d 791a Methods 3807 and 38123. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dry solid film lubricantsdry coatings consisting oflubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or bothsurfaces to be lubricated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 direct load, nthe load that is applied line
9、arly, bisect-ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800 lbf(3550 N) gauge reference or the 3000 lbf (13 300 N) gaugereference.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.2.2 endurance (wear) lifethe length of test time beforefailure under a constant l
10、oaded condition, in minutes, in whichthe applied test lubricant performs its function.3.2.3 gauge load, nthe value obtained from the gaugewhile running the test after being corrected to the standardcurve using the calibration procedure for the 4500 lbf(20 000 N) reference gauge.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe
11、 gauge reading is irrespective of theparticular gauge used, and corrections are made by comparisonto the Brinell ball impression diameters on a standard referencecopper test coupon with a Rockwell hardness range of HB 37to HB 39. An electronic calibration instrument5is availablewhich can be used in
12、place of the copper coupon.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approve
13、din 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2625 94 (2010). DOI:10.1520/D2625-94R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
14、Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE
15、, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Trademark of and available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove,IL 60554. A new model of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine has beenavailable since 1983. Certain operating procedures are different for this new model.Consult instructi
16、on manual of machine for this information. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM Internation
17、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.4 load carrying capacitythe highest indicated loadsustained for a minimum of 1 min.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The endurance test (Procedure A) consists of runningtwo stationary steel vee block specimens loa
18、ded to a predeter-mined value against a rotating steel pin specimen. The endur-ance (wear) life is determined when the torque increases by10 in.lbf (1.13 Nm).4.2 The load-carrying capacity test (Procedure B) consistsof running two stationary steel vee block specimens against arotating steel pin, inc
19、reasing the load on the pin until a sharpincrease (10 in.lbf (1.13 Nm) in steady-state torque or pinbreakage is experienced. Prior to both tests, the solid filmlubricant is deposited on the surfaces of the test specimens.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method differentiates between bonded solid
20、lubricants with respect to their wear life and load-carryingcapacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life maychange and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricantsmay be different.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine,5illustrated inFig. 1 and Fig. 2.6.1.1 Load Gaug
21、e,54500 lbf (20 000 N) range, or 3000 lbf(13 300 N) direct-reading gauge. An 800 lbf (3550 N) direct-reading load gauge may be used for Procedure A, but does nothave a high enough load range for Procedure B.NOTE 2Primary figures for loads are shown for the 4500 lbf(20 000 N) gauge. Equivalent readin
22、gs on either 800 lbf or 3000 lbf(3550 N or 13 300 N) direct-reading gauges are shown in parentheses andcan be obtained from the curve in Fig. 3.6.1.2 OptionalAn automatic cutoff, torque recorder, andtimer may be used in place of the standard indicating torquegauge.6.2 Required for Calibration of Loa
23、d Gauge:6.2.1 Standardized Test Coupon,5soft, annealed copper HB37/39.6.2.2 Allen Screw,5with attached 10 mm Brinell ball.6.2.3 Back-up Plug.56.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.6.3 Required for Application of D
24、ry Solid Film Lubricants(see Annex A1):6.3.1 Desiccator, for storing test parts. The bottom of thedesiccator shall be filled with desiccant to maintain approxi-mately 50 % relative humidity. (Not required if parts can bestored in a fume-free room at 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity.)6.3.2 Forced-Circula
25、tion Oven, capable of maintaining atemperature of 149 C 6 5 C (300 F 6 10 F).6.3.3 Micrometer, reading 0 to 25 mm 6 0.0025 mm (0 in.to 1 6 0.0001 in.), with a one-ball anvil.6.3.4 Vapor Degreasing Bath.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:7.1.1 Eight Standard Vee Blocks,596 6
26、 1 angle, heattreated to 1.24 109Pa to 1.38 109Pa (180 000 psi to200 000 psi) tensile strength; or standard coined vee blocks, 966 1 angle, of AISI C-1137 steel as an alternative, with aRockwell hardness of HRC 20 to 24 and surface finish of1.3107mto2.5107m (5 in. to 10 in.), rms.7.1.2 Four Standard
27、 Test Pins,56.35 mm (14 in.) outsidediameter by 31.75 mm (114 in.) long, heat treated to 1.24 109Pa to 1.38 109Pa (180 000 psi to 200 000 psi) ultimatehardness; or Standard No. 8 Pins of AISI 3135 steel as analternative, with a hardness of HRB 87 to 91, on a ground, flatsurface (or approximately HRB
28、 80 to 83 on the round), and asurface finish of 1.3 107mto2.5107m (5 in. to10 in.) rms.7.1.3 Locking (Shear) Pin,512 H Brass, conforming toSpecification B16/B16M.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineD2625 94 (2015)27.2 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricant(s
29、ee Annex A1):7.2.1 Phosphate Coating, manganese, conforming to Mili-tary Specification MIL-P-16232F, Type M, Class 3 controlledto a coating weight of 16 gm2to 22 gm2.NOTE 3Lack of rigid control of the phosphate coating weight cansignificantly impact the data scatter. A film controlled to the minimum
30、range is preferred over the uncontrolled standard heavy phosphateoriginally called out.7.2.2 CleanersSelect a cleaning media and method whichis safe, non-film forming and which does not in any way attackor etch the surface chemically. In addition, no Class 1 ozonedepleting substances conforming to S
31、ection 602(a) of the CleanAir Act Amendments of 1990 (42USC7671a) as identified inSection 326 of PL 102-484 should be used. Use a procedure asoutlined in Test Method F22 to judge the merit of the selectedcleaning technique.NOTE 4A typical solvent found acceptable for this purpose isStoddard solvent.
32、7.2.2.1 No method of cleaning can be judged as acceptableunless there is a valid method of judging the success or failureof the cleaning method. Test Method F22 is a simple procedurethat can be used on the actual test apparatus or on test couponsto judge each cleaning methods viability.7.2.3 Aluminu
33、m Oxide, white angular abrasive, 180 grit to220 grit.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocksand test journals, by washing with the solvent selected from7.2.2, of all debris or oil from previous test runs. See Note 4.8.2 Avoid contact with the fingers of th
34、e mating surfaces ofthe vee blocks and test pins.FIG. 1 Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine (continued)FIG. 2 Exploded View of Vee Blocks and Journal Arrangement,Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 3 Standard Curves for Load Gauge Calibration orConversion, Brinell Impression Diameter versus
35、Gauge LoadReading, Using Standard Copper Test Coupon of HB 37/39D2625 94 (2015)38.3 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarettesmoke, as this can adversely affect the test results.9. Calibration of Load Gauge9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) LoadGauge:9.1.1 Remove theAllen set
36、 screw and 12.70 mm (12 in.) ballfrom the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).9.1.2 Insert the specialAllen screw with the attached 10 mmBrinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so thatthe ball projects about 4 mm (532 in.) from face of the jaw.9.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore
37、of theright-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about 0.8 mm(132 in.) from the face.9.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upperedge of the coupon is about 2.5 mm (332 in.) below the uppersurface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of thejaws.Adjust theAllen screw with
38、 the attached 10 mm ball untilthe face of the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the testcoupon in position for indentation.9.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the firstimpression, place the load gauge assembly on the lever arms.9.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actua
39、tethe motor.Allow the motor to run until the load gauge indicatesa load of 300 lbf (1330 N).Aslight takeup on the ratchet wheelis required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the testcoupon. After the 300 lbf (1330 N) load is obtained, hold for1 min for the indentation to form.9.1.7 Turn o
40、ff the machine and back off the load until thetest coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test couponapproximately 9.5 mm (38 in.) (additional indentations shouldbe separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 the diameter ofthe initial indentation). Check the alignment of the jaws, andrepeat the procedu
41、re described in 9.1.6 at gauge loads of750 lbf, 1000 lbf, and 1500 lbf (3300 N, 4450 N, and 6650 N).9.1.8 Remove the load gauge assembly and test coupon andmeasure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01 mm with theBrinell microscope. Make three measurements of the indenta-tion diameter, rotating t
42、he test coupon to ensure that no twomeasurements represent the same points. Average the threemeasurements of each impression and record.9.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gauge loadreadings on log-log paper (Kor at 300 lbf, 700 lbf, 1100 lbf, and 1700 lbf (1330 N, 3100 N,4880 N, and 7550
43、 N) on the 3000 lbf (13 300 N) gauge. Plotthe impression readings versus gauge load readings, as in 9.1.9,with similar adjustments to the load in order to produceindentation diameter that corresponds to the indentation diam-eter on the standard curve.10. Procedure A10.1 Insert the solid film coated
44、vee blocks in the recesses ofthe load jaws.10.2 Mount the solid film coated pin in the test shaft andinsert a new brass shear pin as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.10.3 Swing the arms inward so that the vee blocks contactthe test pin in such a way that the vee grooves are aligned withthe pins major axis
45、 as shown in Fig. 2. Check this alignmentvisually. Place the automatic loading mechanism with attachedload gauge on the load arms and turn the ratched wheel by handuntil the test parts are securely seated, indicated by a slightupward movement of the load gauge needle. At this point thetorque gauge s
46、hould read zero or be adjusted to read zero.10.4 Start the motor and engage the automatic loadingratchet until a gauge load of 300 lbf (1330 N) is reached(approximately 265 lbf (1170 N) on the direct-reading gauge).Remove the load applying arm and continue running (at290 rmin 6 10 rmin) for 3 min, t
47、hen increase the load to500 lbf (2220 N) (approximately 410 lbf (1820 N) on thedirect-reading gauge) using the load applying arm, and run for1 min.10.5 Increase load to 750 lbf (3330 N) (590 lbf (2620 N) onthe direct-reading gauge) and run for 1 min. Then increase theload to 1000 lbf (4450 N) (765 l
48、bf (3400 N) on the direct-reading gauge). Maintain this load and measure the time untilfailure. Load should be maintained by taking up on the rachetwheel as necessary. The total time until failure shall not includethe 3-min run-in.FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for FalexPin and
49、Vee Block Test MachineD2625 94 (2015)410.6 Failure is indicated by a torque rise of 10 in.lbf(1.13 Nm) above the steady-state value, or breakage of theshear pin. The test shall be continued until one of the abovefailure criteria is attained. If the optional automatic cutoff,torque recorder, and timer (6.1.2) is used, set the cutoff point to10 in.lbf (1.13 Nm) above the initial steady state torque.When this preset torque is reached, the machine will shut offand the time of test may be read from the torque record
