1、Designation: D2855 96 (Reapproved 2010)D2855 15Standard Practice forMaking Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Pipe and Fittingsthe Two-Step (Primer and SolventCement) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) orChlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and PipingComponent
2、s with Tapered Sockets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscrip
3、t epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice describes a procedure for making joints with poly(vinyl chloride) plastic (PVC) pipes, both plain en
4、ds andfittings, and bell ends, by means of solvent cements. These procedures are general ones for PVC piping. In non-pressureapplications, simplified procedures may be used. Manufacturers should supply specific instructions for their particular products,if and when it seems necessary. two-step (prim
5、er and solvent cement) method of joining poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or chlorinatedpoly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe and piping components with tapered sockets.NOTE 1Simplified procedures may be allowed in non-pressure applications where local codes permit.NOTE 2Where conflicts occur between the code
6、and the manufacturers installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.1.2 The products covered by this practice are intended for use with the distribution of pressured liquids only, which arechemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with tes
7、ting components and systems withcompressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult withspecific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.NOTE 3Pressurized (compressed) air or o
8、ther compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards shoulda system fail for any reason.1.3 This standard practice does not address the one-step method of joining pipe and piping components with tapered socketswith solvent cement without the use of primer
9、.1.4 The techniques covered are applicable only to PVC pipe, both plain and bell-end, and fittings of the same classes asdescribed in Specificationjoining PVC to PVC or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components with tapered sockets. In theremainder of this standard practice, the term “piping component
10、s with tapered sockets”, D1784. whether it be bell end pipe, spigotconnections, or any other type of tapered connections, will be referred to as “fittings.”1.5 Pipe and fittings are manufactured within certain tolerances to provide for the small variations in the extrusion, belling, andmolding proce
11、sses and are not to exact size. A partial list of standards for PVC pipe, fittings, and and CPVC pipe, pipingcomponents, and solvent cements suitable for use in making solvent-cemented joints joining pipe and fittings is given in AppendixX1.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarde
12、d as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in t
13、ables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determin
14、e the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published March 2010January 2016.
15、Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 asD2855 96(2002).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2855-96R10.10.1520/D2855-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous v
16、ersion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes s
17、ection appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl KetoneD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastic
18、sD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)CompoundsD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2466 S
19、pecification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40D2467 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80D2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping SystemsD2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
20、 (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and FittingsD2672 Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent CementD2729 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsD2949 Specification for 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and
21、Vent Pipe and FittingsD3034 Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsF402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF438 Specification for
22、 Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40F439 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80F441/F441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F442/F442M Sp
23、ecification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDRPR)F480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 andSCH 80F493 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and
24、 FittingsF512 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Conduit and Fittings for Underground InstallationF656 Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and FittingsF758 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
25、 Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway,Airport, and SimilarDrainageF789 Specification for Type PS-46 and Type PS-115 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings(Withdrawn 2004)3F891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular Core
26、F1866 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Schedule 40 Drainage and DWV Fabricated Fittings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise specified.4. Summary of Practice4.
27、1 To consistently make good joints, the following should In order to achieve consistently strong and leak-free joining ofpoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe and fittings, the following principles need to be clearlyunderstood and adhered to: followed:4.1.1 The j
28、oining surfaces must be softened (dissolved) and made semi-fluid. (See Fig. 1.)4.1.2 SufficientSolvent cement must be applied to the pipe end to fill the gap between pipe and fitting. fitting socket. (See Fig.2.)4.1.3 Assembly of pipe and fittings must be made while the surfaces are still wet and fl
29、uid. semi-fluid. (See Fig. 3.)4.1.4 Joint strength develops as the cement dries. In the tight part of the joint solvents evaporate from the joint. At the bottomof the socket where there is an interference fit, the surfaces will tend to fuse together; in the loose part the cement will at the socketen
30、trance where there is a gap, the solvent cement will fill the gap and bond to both surfaces. (See Fig. 4.)4.2 Penetration and dissolving can be achieved by the cement itself, by a suitable primer, or by the dissolution of the pipe andsocket surfaces are achieved by use of both primer and cement. A s
31、uitable primer will penetrate and dissolve the plastic morequickly than cement alone. In cold weather, more time and additional applications are required (see solvent cement. Fig. 1).2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
32、rg. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D2855 1524.3 More than sufficient cement to fill the loose part of the joint Solvent cement
33、must be applied (seeto Fig. 2). Besides fillingthe gap, adequate cement layers will penetrate the surfaces and also remain wet until the joint is assembled.the pipe end to fill thegap between the pipe and fittings.4.4 If the cement coatings During assembly, while the layers on the pipe and fittings
34、are wet and fluid when assembly takesplace, they will tend to flow semi-fluid, the surfaces will intermingle together and become one cement layer. Also, if the cementis wet the surfaces beneath them will still be soft, and these dissolved surfaces in the tight part of the joint will tend to fuse tog
35、ether(see layerFig. 3).4.5 As the solvent dissipates, the cement layer and the solvents evaporate, the dissolved surfaces will harden with acorresponding increase in joint strength.Agood strength over time.Aproperly made joint will takewithstand the required workingpressure long before the joint is
36、fully dry and final strength is obtained. In the tight (fused) part of the joint, strength will developmore quickly than in the looser (bonded) part of the joint. Completed has fully cured. Assembled joints should not be disturbeduntil they have cured sufficiently to withstand handling. Joint streng
37、th develops as the cement dries. Information about thedevelopment of bond strength of solvent cemented joints is available (see to withstand handling in accordance with primer andsolvent cement manufacturers recommendations.Fig. 4).5. Significance and Use5.1 The techniques described herein can be us
38、ed to produce strong pressure-tight joints between PVC pipe and fittings,Asolventcement bonder/installer must follow all procedures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints, either in shop operationsor in the field. However, skill and knowledge on the part of the operator are required to
39、obtain a good quality joint. This skill andknowledge can be obtained by making joints under the guidance of skilled operators and testing them until good quality joints areobtained.6. Materials6.1 Pipe and FittingsThe pipe and fittings shouldshall meet the requirements of current applicable PVC pipi
40、ng or CPVC pipeand piping components standards. A partial list of these standards is given in Appendix X1.6.2 Solvent Cement:FIG. 1 Areas of Pipe and Fittings to Be Softened (Dissolved) and PenetratedJoint Surface Areas that must be Penetrated and SoftenedFIG. 2 Solvent Cement Coatings of Sufficient
41、Appropriate ThicknessD2855 1536.2.1 SpecificationThe solvent cement should meet all the requirements of Specification D2564. for PVC solvent cement orSpecification F493 for CPVC solvent cement.6.2.2 SelectionPVC solvent Solvent cements are available in a variety of viscosities and wet film thickness
42、es to cover therange of pipe sizes from 14 to 12 in. and for interference-fit joints as well as noninterference joints, as found in some Schedule80 pipe and fittings. One of the general principles of solvent cementing that should be strictly adhered to is: sufficient cement mustbe applied to fill th
43、e gap between pipe and fitting. -in. to 30-in. (6.3 to 762 mm) for interference fit joints.6.2.2.1 The ability of a solvent cement to fill a gap in a pipe joint can be determined by considering its viscosity and wet-filmthickness (see Note X3.1X2.1).Aguide to the proper selection of a solvent cement
44、 for the various pipe sizes is given in Table X3.1and Table X3.2, where PVC solvent cements are classified (for purposes of identification) as regular-bodied, medium-bodied, andheavy-bodied cement based on minimum viscosity and minimum wet-film thickness.6.2.3 StoragePVC solvent Solvent cements shou
45、ldmust be stored in a cool place except when actually in use at the job site.These cool, dry place. All solvent cements have a limited shelf life when not stored in hermetically sealed containers. Screw topcontainers are not considered to be hermetically sealed. Consult the life. Consult the solvent
46、 cement manufacturer for specificstorage recommendations on storage conditions and shelf life. The solvent cement is unsuitable for use on the job if it exhibits anappreciable change from the original viscosity, or if a sign signs of gelation is (jelly-like) are apparent. Restoration of the original
47、viscosity or removal of gelation by adding solvents or thinners is not recommended.6.3 Chemical CleanersCleaners are of two types, chemical and mechanical (abrasives). Cleaners are Chemical cleaners areused to remove surface impurities (oil, dirt, etc.) and surface gloss. debris only (for example, o
48、il, dirt, grease, hydraulic fluid, paint,etc.). Chemical cleaners are not primers and therefore, do not soften the plastic surfaces. Chemical cleaner does not meet the 10%dissolution rule specified in Specification F656. A chemical cleaner is as follows:6.3.1 Chemical CleanersThe chemical cleaners a
49、re as follows: Cleaner recommended by the pipe, fittings, or solvent cementmanufacturer.6.3.1.1 Cleaner recommended by the pipe, fittings, or cement manufacturer, andFIG. 3 Assembly of Surfaces While They Are Components must be Assembled while all Surfaces are Wet and SoftFIG. 4 Bonded and Fused Surfaces of Joined PipeD2855 1546.3.1.2 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in accordance with Specification D740.6.3.2 Mechanical CleanersThe mechanical cleaners are as follows: Sandpaper or similar abrasive clothes or grinders shall notbe used to clean pipe or fittings.6.3.2.1 F
