1、Designation: D 2979 01 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forPressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an InvertedProbe Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the pressure-sensitive tack of adhesives. This test method
3、 is applicable tothose adhesives which form a bond of measurable strengthrapidly upon contact with another surface and which can beremoved from that surface cleanly, that is, without leaving aresidue visible to the eye. For such adhesives, tack may bemeasured as the force required to separate an adh
4、esive and theadherend at the interface shortly after they have been broughtinto contact under a defined load of known duration at aspecified temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does
5、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
6、ards:2D 907 Terminology of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning andTesting Flexible Barrier Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Summary of Test Method4.
7、1 This test method involves bringing the tip of a cleanedprobe of defined surface roughness into contact with theadhesive at a controlled rate, under a fixed pressure, for a shorttime, at a given temperature; and subsequently breaking thebond formed between the probe and adhesive, also at acontrolle
8、d rate. Tack is measured as the maximum forcerequired in breaking the adhesive bond.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of thepressure-sensitive tack of the adhesive.5.2 The method is designed for the adhesive mass itself andis suitable for measuring the tack
9、of pressure-sensitive adhe-sives for use on both rigid and flexible backings.5.3 This test method is suitable for quality control andresearch purposes.6. Apparatus6.1 ProbeA Type 304 stainless steel rod, 5.0 mm (0.197in.) in diameter, machined at one end of 90 to the longitudinalaxis. The tip is fin
10、ished to a surface roughness of not more than500 or less than 250 nm (20 to 10 in.) rms as measured by asurface-measuring device.3NOTE 1When the adhesive is supported on flexible backings, or isgreater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) thick, a probe with a spherical crown of0.05 mm (0.002 in.) high, and wit
11、h a 62.5-mm (2.5-in.) radius may beused.6.2 Pressure-Loading WeightAn annular ring whose in-side diameter is slightly larger than the probe diameter. Thering weight is such that the pressure applied to the sample is9.79 6 0.10 kPa (1.42 psi).NOTE 2Contact pressures of 0.98, 1.96, or 4.90 kPa (0.14,
12、0.28 or0.71 psi) may be obtained by employing annuli of different weight. Theselower pressures as well as ones of 98 kPa (14.2 psi) or higher can be usedto show the effect of pressure directly when tack is pressure-dependent.6.3 Force GageA spring device with an indicator thatretains the maximum for
13、ce reading until reset manually. Thespring characteristics is such that between 8.9 and 22.2 N (2and 5 lb) are required to extend it the permissible 2.5 mm (0.10in.). Mount the probe directly on the force gage.NOTE 3Other force-measuring devices such as strain gage load cells,1This test method is un
14、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot MeltPressure Sensitive Archive Adhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2979 01
15、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3An example of a suitable surface-measuring device is a Surf
16、indicator manu-factured by Gould, Inc., Gage and Control Div., 4601 Arden Dr., El Monte, CA.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.or devices with different force-deflection characteristics may be used incertain instances. T
17、ack values obtained with these devices will differ inmagnitude but will be related to standard values obtained with thespecified gage.6.4 Testing Machine4A mechanical system for bringingthe adhesive into contact with the probe, automatically con-trolling the dwell time during which the adhesive and
18、probe arein contact under pressure, and subsequently pulling the adhe-sive away from the probe. The machine is capable of main-taining a constant crosshead speed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s (24 60.24 in./min), sensing contact of probe with adhesive, stoppingfor 1 6 0.01 s, and then reversing at the same 10 6 0
19、.1 mm/s(24 6 0.24 in./min) speed. The machine supports the probesuch that its top surface is parallel to the plane of the adhesiveat the time of contact to less than a 0 10 min angle betweenthem. Probe to have force measurement accuracy of 61%ofreading, when calibrated in compliance with PracticesE4
20、requirements.NOTE 4For some special purposes it may be desirable to measure thetack at dwell times as short as 0.1 s or as long as 100 s, depending on howquickly the adhesive bond is to be established in the end use.7. Test Specimens7.1 If specimen is not already coated with adhesive, coat theadhesi
21、ve on smooth, clear polyester (polyethylene terephtha-late, PET) film backing 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) thick. Therecommended dry adhesive thickness is 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).NOTE 5Other films may also be used provided they do not react withthe adhesive or elongate excessively during the test. Microscope sl
22、ides orcover glasses may be used to give rigid support to the adhesive.7.2 Adhesives already on some supporting material areexamined as they exist.8. Conditioning8.1 Testing RoomTest in a standard laboratory atmo-sphere, in accordance with Specification E 171.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the probe with an
23、absorbent material such assurgical gauze or tissue wet with a completely volatile solventthat is a good solvent for the adhesive under test. To besuitable, the material must be lint-free during use, absorbent,and contain no additives that are soluble in the cleaningsolvents used. Wipe with another p
24、iece of solvent-wet absor-bent material, and finally wipe the probe with a clean dry pieceof absorbent material to remove excess solvent. Wait 20 s or asufficiently longer time if necessary, to allow for completeevaporation of the solvent and temperature equilibration.9.2 Place an appropriately size
25、d specimen of supportedadhesive, sticky side down, on the annular ring weight. Use aspecimen large enough to cover the hole in the weight withoutslippage during the test and small enough so that it does notadhere to the carrier supporting the weight. Place the weight inthe carrier.NOTE 6The proper r
26、elation of the supported adhesive on the ringweight to the probe is sketched in Fig. 1. One possible arrangement of thecarrier and force gage is also illustrated.9.3 At a speed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s, bring the probe intocontact with the adhesive. After a dwell time of 1.0 6 0.01 sseparate the probe from
27、the adhesive at 10 6 0.1 mm/s.9.4 Record the tack as the maximum force in newtonsrequired to separate the probe from the adhesive.9.5 Make at least five determinations taken at random pointson the supported adhesive. With grossly rough or nonuniformadhesive surfaces more than five determinations may
28、 benecessary to obtain the desired statistical reliability of theaverage tack value.4An example of a suitable machine is the Polyken Probe Tack Tester availablefrom Chemsultants International, Mentor, OH.AAdhesive WWeightBBacking PProbeCCarrier GGageFIG. 1 Sample Position in Probe Tack ApparatusD 29
29、79 01 (2009)29.6 Clean the probe surface with solvent after each test. Ininstances where tack values neither tend to increase or decreasesystematically, cleaning may be limited to each series of test ona given adhesive.NOTE 7If there is evidence of contamination by lint, large dustparticles, thumb p
30、rints, etc., the test shall be discounted. If the probesurface shows to the unaided eye presence of deposited adhesive, the testshall also be discounted.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the adhesive,10.1.2 Technique used for preparing film, if not alreadycoate
31、d,10.1.3 Conditioning time for the adhesive surface,10.1.4 Adhesive thickness,10.1.5 Solvent used to clean probe,10.1.6 Supporting backing material for the adhesive,10.1.7 Separation rate of the probe,10.1.8 Dwell time,10.1.9 Contact pressure,10.1.10 Temperature and relative humidity if different fr
32、omstandard laboratory atmosphere, and10.1.11 Values of each of the tack readings, and the arith-metic average. Report tack values in newtons.NOTE 8The area of the probe is 1.9635 3 105m2(0.03 in2). Toreport tack in N/m2, divide average tack by 1.9635 3 105m2(0.03 in2).11. Precision and Bias11.1 Roun
33、d-robin testing is planned with results expectedby 2004.12. Keywords12.1 inverted probe machine; pressure-sensitive adhesive;probe tackASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand
34、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andi
35、f not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, wh
36、ich you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2979 01 (2009)3
