1、Designation: D 3023 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forDetermination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings onWood Products to Stains and Reagents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-appliedcoating systems
3、on wood substrates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standa
4、rd to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)2D 333 Guide for Clear and Pigmented
5、 Lacquers3D 2571 Guide for Testing Wood Furniture Lacquers33. Significance and Use3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D 333, thispractice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistanceto stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemi-cals.3.2 This practice applies only to coatings
6、 applied in suffi-cient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommendedthat the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance withthis practice distinguish differences between coatings.4. Reagents4.1 Code for Applicability of Reag
7、entsV = Vertical, anysurface that may be vertical as on a dresser front.H = Horizontal, any surface that may be horizontal as on atable top. L = Laboratory, any surface that may be used forlaboratory furniture (Section 9).4.2 Water:4.2.1 Tap Water,V,H,L4.2.2 Boiling Water (test in accordance with th
8、e BoilingWater Resistance section of Guide D 2571): H, L4.3 Alcohol:4.3.1 Ethyl Alcohol (test in accordance with the AlcoholResistance section of Guide D 2571): V, H, L4.4 Aliphatic:4.4.1 Mineral Spirits: L (Specification D 235, Type III)4.4.2 Perchloroethylene: V, H, L4.5 Ketone:4.5.1 Methyl Ethyl
9、Ketone: L4.6 Acetate:4.6.1 Amyl Acetate: H, L4.7 Inorganic Acid:4.7.1 Hydrochloric Acid (3 N)Dilute 258 mL of 12 N(36 %) HCl to 1 L: L4.8 Organic Acid:4.8.1 Acetic Acid (3 N)Dilute 172 mL of 99 % acetic acidto1L:V,H,L4.8.2 Grape Juice (unsweetened): V, H4.8.3 Lactic Acid (5 % solution): V, H4.9 Base
10、s:4.9.1 Unscented Mild Soap (saturated solution): V, H, L4.9.2 Potassium Tripolyphosphate (saturated solution con-taining 0.5 % sodium N-methyl-N-oleyl laurate (Igepon T-73):V, H, L4.9.3 Ammonium Hydroxide (3 % solution): L4.9.4 Trisodium Phosphate (saturated solution): V, H, L4.9.5 Urea (6.6 % solu
11、tion): V, H, L4.10 Disinfectant:4.10.1 Cresols (5 % solution): V, H, L4.11 Ink:4.11.1 Washable Ink: V, H, L4.11.2 Permanent Ink: V, H, L4.11.3 Ball-Point Ink: V, H, L4.12 Dye:4.12.1 Coffee (test in accordance with the Coffee StainResistance section of Guide D 2571): V, H4.13 Wax:1This practice is un
12、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition
13、 approved in 1998 as D 3023 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.13.1 Wax Crayons, Red, Blue, and Yellow: V, H4.13.2 Lipstick (test i
14、n accordance with the Cosmetic Stainsection of Guide D 2571): V, H4.14 Shoe Polish:4.14.1 Liquid Shoe Polish, tan: V, H4.15 Oil:4.15.1 Corn Oil or equivalent: V, H4.15.2 Hair Oil: V, H4.16 Miscellaneous:4.16.1 Mustard: V, H4.16.2 Tincture of Merthiolate (1 + 1000): V, H (see Sec-tion 5)4.16.3 Sodium
15、 Hypochlorite (6 % solution): V, H, L4.16.4 Tincture of IodineWet 50 g of potassium iodide(KI) with water, weigh into the wet KI 70 g of iodine, let stand1 h to dissolve the iodine, and make up to 1 L with alcohol: V,H, L4.17 Staining Solutions, unless otherwise specified, arewater solutions.5. Sele
16、ction of Staining Agents for Testing StainResistance of Coatings5.1 The producer and the user shall select staining agentsfrom the reagents in Section 4. Selection of staining agentsshould depend on end use, such as wall, ceiling, horizontalsurface, or floor.5.2 In the absence of agreement between t
17、he producer andthe user, the suggested staining reagents for each intended useare indicated in Section 4 by V, H and L.5.3 It is not necessary that all finishes pass all tests.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test panels shall be of regular production finish.6.2 If regular production finished panels are not avai
18、lable,the producer and the user shall agree upon the followingvariables: face veneer or wood surface, filler or filler stain,primer coat, topcoat, and dry film thickness for each coatingmaterial.7. Panel Conditioning7.1 Before testing, panels must be aged for a time and by amethod agreed upon betwee
19、n the producer and the user.8. Procedure8.1 Conduct the test with panel surfaces horizontal at roomtemperature unless a different temperature is specified.8.2 Place 0.5 mL (0.017 oz) of each staining agent on thefinish surface and allow to stand uncovered for 18 h (or a timeagreeable to the producer
20、 and the user) except for stainingagents 4.3 to 4.6. On these put a 25-mm (1-in.) square ofdouble-acid-washed quantitative filter paper. The purpose ofthe filter paper is to maintain a longer wet contact of volatilereagents with the surface of the finish.8.3 After 18 h exposure, or other time period
21、 agreed to bythe producer and the user, wash the surface with water, rinsewith ethanol (1 + 1), or other reagent as agreed upon betweenthe producer and user, and dry with a paper towel. Place thepanel in a vertical position with a diffuse light source and view(Note 1) from a distance of 0.6 to 0.9 m
22、 (2 to 3 ft). Examine thesurface for graying, spotting, wrinkling, discoloration, or otherfilm defects and report.NOTE 1This method of viewing panels gives the best correlation ofstaining damage between laboratories. However, the following informa-tion should be noted: (1) When viewing panels across
23、 the grain at a lowangle that is being varied, many more stains will appear visible than wouldappear visible perpendicular to the surface. These additional stains aresuperficial stains only. (2) When viewing with and against the grain, thereappears to be an even greater number of superficial stains
24、than wouldappear when viewing perpendicular to the surface or across the grain.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 Each product finish differs greatly in stain resistancerequirements. The key, in general, is that the resistance tostaining must be adequate for that finishs end use when firstused in place
25、 and throughout the expected life span of thespecific product.9.2 The end use choice of resistance to staining should beagreed upon between the producer and the user.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Reagents and concentrations used,10.1.2 Substrate tested,10.1.3 Coating tested,
26、10.1.4 Rinsing reagent,10.1.5 Film thickness of coating and thickness method, and10.1.6 Stain or film defect observations.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionAgreement between laboratories by visualcomparison varied according to how samples were viewed.11.1.1 Stains viewed perpendicular with a diffu
27、sed lightsource at a distance of 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) for graying,spotting, wrinkling, discoloration, or other film defects gavecomplete agreement between laboratories.11.1.2 The same test stains viewed both with and across thegrain at a low angle resulted in many more superficial stainsbeing ev
28、ident, depending upon the eyesight and judgment ofthe observer.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined since there is noaccepted reference material.12. Keywords12.1 coating, factory-applied; coating, wood; householdchemicals; stain testsD 3023 98 (2003)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the
29、 validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
30、 subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Hea
31、dquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This st
32、andard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3023 98 (2003)3
