1、Designation: D3039/D3039M 14Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3039/D3039M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines
3、the in-plane tensile prop-erties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced byhigh-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limitedto continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber-reinforced compos-ites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric withrespect to the test direction.1.2 The
4、 values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom t
5、he two systems may result in nonconformance with thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2734 Test Meth
7、ods for Void Content of Reinforced PlasticsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMaterialsD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer MatrixComposite MaterialsE4 Practices for Force Veri
8、fication of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus,and Chord ModulusE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Prec
9、ision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room TemperatureE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-tallic Bonded Resistance Strain GaugesE456 Terminology Rel
10、ating to Quality and StatisticsE1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive AxialForce ApplicationE1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relatingto high-modulus fi
11、bers and their composites. TerminologyD883 defines terms relating to plastics.Terminology E6 definesterms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 andPractice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event ofa conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall haveprecedence over the ot
12、her standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 NoteIf the term represents a physical quantity, itsanalytical dimensions are stated immediately following theterm (or letter symbol) in fundamental dimension form, usingthe following ASTM standard symbology for fundamentaldimensi
13、ons, shown within square brackets: M for mass, Lfor length, T for time, for thermodynamic temperature,and nd for nondimensional quantities. Use of these symbolsis restricted to analytical dimensions when used with squarebrackets, as the symbols may have other definitions when usedwithout the bracket
14、s.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 onLamina and Laminate Test Methods.Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved i
15、n 2008 as D3039 08. DOI:10.1520/D3039_D3039M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright AST
16、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 nominal value, na value, existing in name only,assigned to a measurable property for the purpose of conve-nient designation. Tolerances may be applied to a nominalvalue to define an acceptable
17、range for the property.3.2.3 transition region, na strain region of a stress-strainor strain-strain curve over which a significant change in theslope of the curve occurs within a small strain range.3.2.4 transition strain, transitionnd, nthe strain value atthe mid range of the transition region betw
18、een the twoessentially linear portions of a bilinear stress-strain or strain-strain curve.3.2.4.1 DiscussionMany filamentary composite materialsshow essentially bilinear behavior during force application,such as seen in plots of either longitudinal stress versuslongitudinal strain or transverse stra
19、in versus long longitudinalstrain. There are varying physical reasons for the existence ofa transition region. Common examples include: matrix crack-ing under tensile force application and ply delamination.3.3 Symbols:Aminimum cross-sectional area of a coupon.Bypercent bending for a uniaxial coupon
20、of rectangularcross section about y axis of the specimen (about the narrowdirection).Bzpercent bending for a uniaxial coupon of rectangularcross section about z axis of the specimen (about the widedirection).CVcoefficient of variation statistic of a sample populationfor a given property (in percent)
21、.Emodulus of elasticity in the test direction.Ftuultimate tensile strength in the test direction.Fsuultimate shear strength in the test direction.hcoupon thickness.Lgextensometer gage length.Lminminimum required bonded tab length.nnumber of coupons per sample population.Pforce carried by test coupon
22、.Pfforce carried by test coupon at failure.Pmaxmaximum force carried by test coupon before failure.sn1standard deviation statistic of a sample population fora given property.wcoupon width.xitest result for an individual coupon from the samplepopulation for a given property.xmean or average (estimate
23、 of mean) of a sample popu-lation for a given property.extensional displacement.general symbol for strain, whether normal strain or shearstrain.indicated normal strain from strain transducer or exten-someter.normal stress.Poissons ratio.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Athin flat strip of material havin
24、g a constant rectangularcross section is mounted in the grips of a mechanical testingmachine and monotonically loaded in tension while recordingthe force. The ultimate strength of the material can bedetermined from the maximum force carried before failure. Ifthe coupon strain is monitored with strai
25、n or displacementtransducers then the stress-strain response of the material canbe determined, from which the ultimate tensile strain, tensilemodulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio, and transition strain canbe derived.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to produce tensile property
26、data for material specifications, research and development,quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factorsthat influence the tensile response and should therefore bereported include the following: material, methods of materialpreparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specime
27、npreparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing,specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time attemperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained fromthis test method include the following:5.1.1 Ultimate tensile
28、 strength,5.1.2 Ultimate tensile strain,5.1.3 Tensile chord modulus of elasticity,5.1.4 Poissons ratio, and5.1.5 Transition strain.6. Interferences6.1 Material and Specimen PreparationPoor material fab-rication practices, lack of control of fiber alignment, anddamage induced by improper coupon machi
29、ning are knowncauses of high material data scatter in composites.6.2 GrippingA high percentage of grip-induced failures,especially when combined with high material data scatter, is anindicator of specimen gripping problems. Specimen grippingmethods are discussed further in 7.2.4, 8.2, and 11.5.6.3 S
30、ystem AlignmentExcessive bending will cause pre-mature failure, as well as highly inaccurate modulus ofelasticity determination. Every effort should be made to elimi-nate excess bending from the test system. Bending may occuras a result of misaligned grips or from specimens themselves ifimproperly i
31、nstalled in the grips or out-of-tolerance caused bypoor specimen preparation. If there is any doubt as to thealignment inherent in a given test machine, then the alignmentshould be checked as discussed in 7.2.5.6.4 Edge Effects in Angle Ply LaminatesPremature failureand lower stiffnesses are observe
32、d as a result of edge softeningin laminates containing off-axis plies. Because of this, thestrength and modulus for angle ply laminates can be drasticallyunderestimated. For quasi-isotropic laminates containing sig-nificant 0 plies, the effect is not as significant.7. Apparatus7.1 Micrometers and Ca
33、lipersA micrometer with a 4 to 7mm 0.16 to 0.28 in nominal diameter ball interface shall beused to measure the specimen thickness when at least onesurface is irregular (such as the bag-side of a laminate). Amicrometer witha4to7mm0.16 to 0.28 in. nominaldiameter ball interface or with a flat anvil in
34、terface shall beD3039/D3039M 142used to measure the specimen thickness when both surfaces aresmooth (such as tooled surfaces).Amicrometer or caliper, witha flat anvil interface, shall be used to measure the width of thespecimen. The accuracy of the instruments shall be suitable forreading to within
35、1 % of the sample dimensions. For typicalspecimen geometries, an instrument with an accuracy of60.0025 mm 60.0001 in. is adequate for thicknessmeasurement, while an instrument with an accuracy of 60.025mm 60.001 in. is adequate for width measurement.7.2 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be in
36、 con-formance with Practices E4 and shall satisfy the followingrequirements:7.2.1 Testing Machine HeadsThe testing machine shallhave both an essentially stationary head and a movable head.7.2.2 Drive MechanismThe testing machine drive mecha-nism shall be capable of imparting to the movable head acon
37、trolled velocity with respect to the stationary head. Thevelocity of the movable head shall be capable of beingregulated as specified in 11.3.7.2.3 Force IndicatorThe testing machine force-sensingdevice shall be capable of indicating the total force beingcarried by the test specimen. This device sha
38、ll be essentiallyfree from inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shallindicate the force with an accuracy over the force range(s) ofinterest of within 61 % of the indicated value. The forcerange(s) of interest may be fairly low for modulus evaluation,much higher for strength evaluation, o
39、r both, as required.NOTE 1Obtaining precision force data over a large range of interest inthe same test, such as when both elastic modulus and ultimate force arebeing determined, place extreme requirements on the load cell and itscalibration. For some equipment, a special calibration may be required
40、.For some combinations of material and load cell, simultaneous precisionmeasurement of both elastic modulus and ultimate strength may not bepossible and measurement of modulus and strength may have to beperformed in separate tests using a different load cell range for each test.7.2.4 GripsEach head
41、of the testing machine shall carryone grip for holding the test specimen so that the direction offorce applied to the specimen is coincident with the longitudi-nal axis of the specimen. The grips shall apply sufficient lateralpressure to prevent slippage between the grip face and thecoupon. If tabs
42、are used the grips should be long enough thatthey overhang the beveled portion of the tab by approximately10 to 15 mm 0.5 in. It is highly desirable to use grips that arerotationally self-aligning to minimize bending stresses in thecoupon.NOTE 2Grip surfaces that are lightly serrated, approximately
43、1serration/mm 25 serrations/in., have been found satisfactory for use inwedge-action grips when kept clean and sharp; coarse serrations mayproduce grip-induced failures in untabbed coupons. Smooth grippingsurfaces have been used successfully with either hydraulic grips or anemery cloth interface, or
44、 both.7.2.5 System AlignmentPoor system alignment can be amajor contributor to premature failure, to elastic property datascatter, or both. Practice E1012 describes bending evaluationguidelines and describes potential sources of misalignmentduring tensile testing. In addition to Practice E1012, the
45、degreeof bending in a tensile system can also be evaluated using thefollowing related procedure. Specimen bending is consideredseparately in 11.6.1.7.2.5.1 A rectangular alignment coupon, preferably similarin size and stiffness to the test specimen of interest, isinstrumented with a minimum of three
46、 longitudinal straingages of similar type, two on the front face across the widthand one on the back face of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 1.Any difference in indicated strain between these gages duringloading provides a measure of the amount of bending in thethickness plane (By) and width plane (B
47、z) of the coupon. Thestrain gage location should normally be located in the middleof the coupon gage section (if modulus determination is aconcern), near a grip (if premature grip failures are a problem),or any combination of these areas.7.2.5.2 When evaluating system alignment, it is advisable tope
48、rform the alignment check with the same coupon inserted ineach of the four possible installation permutations (describedrelative to the initial position): initial (top-front facingobserver), rotated back to front only (top back facing observer),rotated end for end only (bottom front facing observer)
49、, androtated both front to back and end to end (bottom back facingobserver). These four data sets provide an indication ofwhether the bending is due to the system itself or to tolerancein the alignment check coupon or gaging.7.2.5.3 The zero strain point may be taken either beforegripping or after gripping. The strain response of the alignmentcoupon is subsequently monitored during the gripping process,the tensile loading process, or both. Eq 1 and Eq 2 use theseindicated strains to calculate the rat
