1、Designation: D 3147 06Standard Test Method for TestingStop-Leak Additives for Engine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers screening procedures for thep
3、reliminary evaluation of leak-stopping materials intended foruse in engine cooling systems. (Heavy-duty users are referredto X1.2.21 in Specification D 4485 for additional information.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for inform
4、ationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Spec
5、ific warningstatements are given in 10.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous So-lutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Pur-poses3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 leakingfrequent drops forming
6、(more than 5 drops/min).3.1.2 sealedcompletely plugged with no leaking or seep-ing.3.1.3 seepingoccasional drops forming (fewer than 5drops/min).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aheated test solution is circulated through a pressurizedcubical metal reservoir which contains a slit and holes tosimulate le
7、aks in an engine cooling system. The effectivenessof the stop-leak material is measured by its ability to seal theleaks under the prescribed conditions of flow rate, temperature,pressure, and time.4.2 The presence of particles in the test material that arelarger than 0.84 mm (0.033 in.) or the prese
8、nce of gumming orgelling in stop-leak additives is determined by screening a testsolution through a 850-m (U.S. No. 20) standard sieve. Thescreening is done both before and after the circulating test.Particles that remain on the sieve may be too large to passthrough some passages of the cooling syst
9、em.5. Significance and Use5.1 The screening procedures simulate the conditions oftemperature, pressure, and circulation encountered in service.This test method will indicate whether a product is suitable forfurther evaluation in vehicles.6. Apparatus (See Fig. 1)6.1 Reservoir:6.1.1 The reservoir sha
10、ll be constructed of stainless steel,aluminum, or brass, 260 by 175 by 260-mm (10 by 7 by 10 in.)high, and the total capacity of the assembled unit shall bebetween 12 and 13.5 L (3.2 to 3.6 gal). The reservoir shall havea 20-mm (34-in.) flange at the top, to which a cover plate isfitted.6.1.2 The re
11、servoir and cover shall have a minimum thick-ness of 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) in order to withstand a pressure of140 kPa (20 psi).6.1.3 A drain shall be located either on one side or thebottom of the reservoir to facilitate drainage of the testsolution. The reservoir outlet to the circulating pump (suction
12、side) shall be located near the bottom of Side C. The reservoirinlet from the circulating pump (discharge side) shall belocated near the top of Side D. A13-mm (12-in.) elbow shall bewelded to the reservoir inlet opening (inner surface of Side D)so that the liquid flow is directed towards Side A.6.1.
13、4 The cover plate of the reservoir shall be attached withbolts and sealed with neoprene gasket material. Openingsaccommodate a pressure gage (0 to 10 kPa (0 to 30 psi)minimum)/vent valve assembly.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct re
14、sponsibility of Subcommittee D15.09 on SimulatedService Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3147 94(1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
15、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.5 Openings, 64 by 64 mm (212 by
16、212 in.), centered onSide A and Side B accommodate test plates (as described inSection 7). An inlet for regulated air at 103 6 14 kPa (15 6 2psi) and a thermocouple probe are shown in Side C.6.1.6 A liquid collection pan or pans shall be placed underthe reservoir in a position that will allow collec
17、tion of coolantthat has leaked from test openings during operation of theapparatus. A transparent safety shield shall enclose the reser-voir fully. This shield will be arranged to deflect any spray intothe collection pans. The safety shield must be in place any timethe reservoir is hot or pressurize
18、d, or both.6.2 Circulation Pump,3capable of circulating a minimumof 30 L (8 gal) of water per minute against zero head pressure,shall be used. The packing seal of the pump shall be capable ofwithstanding 140 kPa (20 psi) and 104C (220F). Inlet andoutlet connections shall be not less than12 in. (12 m
19、m)standard water pipe.6.3 Heating Element, shall be of the immersion cartridgetype and shall have a power rating of approximately 1500 W.It shall be installed above the suction pipe of the circulationpump and shall be capable of heating the filled system to 88C(190F). A temperature controller shall
20、be used with thethermocouple to control power to the heating element andcoolant temperature. An electrical pressure switch should alsobe used to interrupt power to the heater, in the event that excesspressure is generated.6.4 The reservoir should be equipped with a suitable pres-sure relief valve to
21、 prevent an over-pressure in the event of aproblem with the regulated air source.3An Eastern Industries Model P34C, manufactured by Eastern IndustriesDivision Laboratory for Electronics Inc., 1525 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE19803, and a Graingers catalogue pump No. IP787 have been used successfully
22、.A,B,C,DSides of reservoir RRegulated air, 103 kPa (15 psi)GPressure gage, 0-210 kPa, (0-30 psi) vent valve TThermocouple foil, temperature controller, and wellHBrass test section, holes VFill opening (ball valve)SBrass test section, slit WPressure relief valve, 137 kPa (20 psi)FIG. 1 Leak Test Appa
23、ratusD31470626.5 A means of interrupting power to the heater in the eventof excessive fluid loss or overheating is necessary.6.6 U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieve, per Specification E1195, 850 m in an 8 in. (203 mm) or 10 in. (254 mm) FHframe.7. Test Plates (See Fig. 2)7.1 The test plates shall be const
24、ructed of solid brass plates,102 by 102 by 0.20 to 0.25 mm (4 by 4 by 0.008 to 0.010 in.),with bolt holes for attachment to the reservoir. Neoprene gasketmaterial shall be used to seal the plates. A complete set shallconsist of fifteen plates: two plates without test holes or slits,six plates with o
25、ne slit each 12.7 mm long by 0.127, 0.254,0.381, 0.508, 0.635 and 0.762 mm wide, respectively (0.5 in.long by 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.030 in.) (Note1), six plates with three holes each of the same size 0.127,0.254, 0.381, 0.508, 0.635 and 0.762 mm (0.005, 0.010, 0.015,0.020, 0.025 an
26、d 0.030 in.) in diameter, and one plate withnine holes three holes 0.254-mm (0.010-in.) diameter, threeholes 0.508-mm (0.020-in.) diameter, and three holes0.762-mm (0.030-in.) diameter, bored on a diagonal across theplate so that drainage from one hole will not flow acrossanother hole.NOTE 1Alternat
27、ively, a single plate may be used with provision forvarying the slit size with a shim arrangement.8. Test Solutions8.1 Stop Leak Material Added to WaterAdd the amount ofstop leak material recommended by the manufacturer todistilled water. Mix the solution well before testing.8.2 Stop Leak Material A
28、dded to Engine CoolantConcentratePrepare a 3313 %(Note 2) solution (by volume)of engine coolant using distilled water as the diluent. Add theamount of stop leak material recommended by the manufac-turer. Mix the solution well before testing.NOTE 2Alternatively, a 50 % (by volume) solution or other d
29、ilutionsmay be used upon mutual consent of the parties involved.TABLE 2A3 holes of appropriate diameterBOne 12.7-mm (18-in.) slit of appropriate widthC9 holes3 each 0.254, 0.508, and 0.762 mm (0.010, 0.020, and 0.030 in.) in diameter (bored on a diagonal) so that drainage from onehole will not flow
30、across another holeDSolidFIG. 2 Brass Test PanelsD31470639. Sampling9.1 The engine coolant shall be sampled in accordance withTest Method D 1176.10. Procedure10.1 Warningthe following procedures involve workingwith hot fluids and equipment. Review your intended proce-dure and the use of personal pro
31、tective equipment with this inmind.10.2 Particle Examination:10.2.1 Stop-Leak Material Added to Water:10.2.1.1 Place 200 mL of the test solution prepared in 8.1 ina 400-mL beaker. Heat the contents of the beaker to 88C(190F) while stirring, and allow the beaker to stand for 10min.10.2.1.2 Again heat
32、 to 88C (190F), stir until the contentsare thoroughly mixed, and pour the contents through a 850-m(U.S. No. 20) standard sieve.10.2.1.3 Rinse the beaker and sieve with 200 to 300 mL ofhot 88C (190F) distilled water.10.2.1.4 Examine the sieve for any retained particles and forevidence of gumming or g
33、elling. Record any observations.10.3 Leak Tests:10.3.1 Initial Screening Test:10.3.1.1 Assemble the test unit with the solid test platebolted over the opening on Side B and with the nine-holescreen test plate bolted over the opening on Side A, with thelargest holes at the top. Bolt the top of the re
34、servoir to the testunit.10.3.1.2 Prepare the test solution according to the productmanufacturers recommendation. For example, a silica-basedstop leak material may need to be tested in straight tap water,while most conventional stop leak materials are normallytested in a water/coolant mixture. Fill t
35、he unit with premixedtest solution, and then withdraw 500 mL (Note 3).10.3.1.3 Close the fill valve and vent valve, and then startthe circulation pump.Adjust the pressure regulator gradually tobring the pressure in the test unit to 103 6 15 kPa (15 6 2 psi).Determine the largest hole size on the scr
36、een test plate in whichleakage was stopped.10.3.1.4 Turn off the circulation pump and air regulator. Usethe vent valve to gradually release the pressure in the unit.Drain the test unit, and remove the test plates. Clear all screentest plate openings.10.3.2 Final Leak Test:10.3.2.1 Reassemble the tes
37、t unit with the plates containingholes and slot one size larger than the holes plugged on thescreen test plate. For example, if the 0.508-mm (0.020-in.)holes were plugged on the screen test, but not the 0.762-mm(0.030-in.) holes, start the final leak test with the plates with the0.635-mm (0.025-in.)
38、 holes and slot. Install the plate with theholes on Side A and the plate with the slot on Side B.10.3.2.2 Make sure vent valves are open and drain valvesare closed, and fill the unit with pre-mixed solution. Keep inmind the volume of the unit, and leave 500 to 1000 mL of headspace to allow for therm
39、al expansion.NOTE 3Once the capacity of the machine is established, it may befilled with the prescribed amount to bring it to 500 mL less than totallyfull. This will allow for thermal expansion of the test solution.10.3.2.3 Start the circulation pump, and turn the heating uniton.10.3.2.4 When the te
40、mperature reaches 88 6 3C (190 65F), pressurize the unit gradually with the air regulator to 1036 15 kPa (15 6 2 psi). If the stop leak material is not at allcapable of making a seal in the openings selected, the workingvolume of test solution will be lost rapidly, down to the levelof the holes and
41、slot. If this is the case, turn the air pressure,heater, and pump off. Replace the test plates with those withsmaller holes or slot, or both, as needed, and restart at 10.3.2.2.Continue changing the plates and restarting the test as needed,until seals are made in both test plates without a total los
42、s of theworking volume of test solution.10.3.2.5 When both plates are sealed successfully, operatethe unit at temperature and pressure for 2 h. Turn the pump andheater off after 2 h. Leave the system under pressure for 16 64h.10.3.2.6 Observe the unit after 16 6 4 h. Turn the airregulator off, and r
43、elease any residual pressure with the ventvalve. Record the volume of any additional test solution lost tothe collection pan. Two outcomes are possible: an ineffectiveseal, or an effective seal.(1) The working volume of test solution will have been lostif an ineffective seal was made. In this case,
44、replace either orboth plates that failed to hold a seal with a plate having one sizesmaller openings, and return to 10.3.2.2.(2) Less than half the working volume of test solution willbe lost if an effective seal was made. If this is the case, advanceto 10.3.2.7 without refilling.10.3.2.7 Turn the p
45、ump and heating unit on. When thetemperature reaches 88 6 4C (190 6 5F), apply pressuregradually to 103 6 15 kPa (15 6 2 psi). Stop the test if eithertest plate fails to maintain a seal so that the entire workingvolume of test solution is lost, and replace the leaking plate(s)as needed with one size
46、 smaller. Return to 10.3.2.2.Advance to10.3.2.8 if less than the total volume of test solution is lost.10.3.2.8 Turn the pump and heating unit off, and release theair pressure. Allow the test solution to cool to room tempera-ture. Pressurize the system gradually to 103 6 15 kPa (15 6 2psi) for 1 h.
47、If continuing leakage causes the complete loss ofworking test solution during this hour, replace the leakingplates with smaller openings, and return to 10.3.2.2.10.3.2.9 Turn the air pressure off and open the vent valveafter 1 h. The leak test is considered complete when theblockages formed in the t
48、est plates permit this entire testsequence to be performed without being interrupted by a totalloss of the working volume of test solution. Any step thatcauses a total loss of working test solution will result in a platereplacement and a restart at 10.3.2.2. Record the hole size, slotsize, and cumul
49、ative volume of test solution lost during thesuccessfully completed test run.10.3.2.10 Drain the test unit. Remove the reservoir coverand test plates. Clean and flush the unit to remove all particlesof stop leak material. Flush the circulating pump by running itwith clean water. Clean the test plates with scouring powderand a bristle brush. Clear all test plate openings, and rinse offall traces of scouring powder.D314706411. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The largest diameter hole and widest slot sealed byt
