1、Designation: D3336 05 (Reapproved 2015)D3336 17Standard Test Method forLife of Lubricating Greases in Ball Bearings at ElevatedTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1
3、.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the performance of lubricating greases in ball bearings operating under light loadsat high speeds and elevated temperatures.1.2 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconvers
4、ions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
5、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1.1.4 This internationa
6、l standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2
7、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A600 Specification for Tool Steel High Speed2.2 ABMA Standard:3Standard 4, Tolerance Definitions and Gaging Practices for Ball and Roller Bearings2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Standard Ball Bearings (set of five)43. Summary of Test Method3.1 A grease lubricated SAE No.
8、204 size ball bearing is rotated at 10 000 r/min under light load at a specified elevatedtemperature. Tests are continued until failure or completion of a specified number of hours of running time.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the ability of grease to provide ad
9、equate lubrication for extended periods of ballbearings operating under light loads at high speeds and elevated temperatures.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.05
10、 on Functional Tests - Temperature.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015June 1, 2017. Published December 2015June 2017. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 asD3336 05 (2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D3336-05R15.10.1520/D3336-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit th
11、eASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Assoc., 2025 M St., NW, Ste 800, Washington, DC 20036
12、.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior ed
13、itions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
14、59. United States15. Apparatus4,55.1 Test Spindle6(see Figs. 1-4), capable of operating at speeds of 10 000 rmin and temperatures as high as 371 C (700 F).The test bearing seat dimension shall be 19.99 mm to 20.00 mm (0.7870 in. to 0.7874 in.). For spindles having the test bearing andthe support bea
15、ring in the same housing (CRC Type, Figs. 1-3) (Note 2) the internal construction of the spindle shall be such thatthe outboard support bearing, or both bearings are free to float axially in the housing. In designs where both bearings are free tofloat, the spindle shaft shall have a 0.508 mm to 0.76
16、2 mm (0.020 in. to 0.030 in.) free axial movement or end play. The outboardbearing seat dimension should be 19.99 mm to 20.00 mm (0.7870 in. to 0.7874 in.).5.1.1 The test unit design (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) should be such that a finger spring washer produces a 22 N to 67 N (5 lbf to 15 lbf)thrust load o
17、n the floating outboard support bearing.7,54 Complete apparatus is available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.5 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
18、ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.6 Pope Machinery Corporation Grease Test Spindles No. P-1911 or P-6301A-HT (Fig. 1) and No. P-7605-B (Fig. 2); and Falex Corp. spindles of the type shown in Fig.1 and Fig. 2 have been found satisfactory for this purpose.7 The sol
19、e source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Falex Part No. 643-187-070, Falex Corp. 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.FIG. 1 Test Spindle (Both Bearings Floating)FIG. 2 Test Spindle (with Radial Load)D3336 1725.2 Bearing Housing:5.2.1 For CRC Type SpindlesThe bea
20、ring housing diameter shall be 47.005 mm to 47.021 mm (1.8506 in. to 1.8512 in.) togive proper bearing mounting. Construction shall be such that the test bearing is equipped with flush spacers or shields to confinethe grease to the bearing. The spacers or shields shall have a clearance between the i
21、nside diameter and the shaft of 0.127 mm to0.178 mm (0.005 in. to 0.007 in.) per side.NOTE 1This type of spindle is described in CRC Research Technique for the Determination of Performance Characteristics of Lubricating GreaseFIG. 3 Test Spindle Thrust Load DesignFIG. 4 G-III-54 Grease Life, Hours t
22、o FailureD3336 173in Antifriction Bearings at Elevated Temperature (CRC Designations L-35-54 and CRC L-35-62).5.2.2 For Navy Type Spindles (Test Bearing Mounted Outside Spindle Housing)The bearing housing shall be constructed ofmaterial similar to that of the test bearing and shall be tempered to re
23、tain dimensional stability at temperatures up to 371 C(700 F). Internal diameter shall be 47.005 mm to 47.021 mm (1.8506 in. to 1.8512 in.). The housing cover shall be flush fittingto confine the grease to the bearing. Provision shall be made for insertion in the housing of one or two small thermoco
24、uples whichshall lightly press on and be in continual contact with the outer race of the test bearing. The housing shall be fitted with lugs toaccommodate a yoke and added weight so that a radial load may be applied to the test bearing. A thrust load of 22 N 6 2 N (5 lbf6 0.55 lbf) shall be applied
25、to the outer race of the bearing by means of a helical spring calibrated at room temperature.5.3 Motor Drive AssemblySpindle bracket and constant belt tension motor drive assembly capable of providing spindle speedsup to 10 000 rmin 6 200 rmin by means of an endless belt. The motor shall be mounted
26、so that a belt tension of approximately67 N (15 lbf) can be maintained on the test spindle pulley.5.4 Oven, removable, capable of producing a test temperature of 371 C (700 F) within 112 h.5.5 Control Equipment:5.5.1 The temperature at the outside diameter of the test bearing shall be maintained wit
27、hin 3 C (5 F) of the specified testtemperature. The temperature control equipment shall be adequate to maintain the temperature at the outer race of the test bearingwithin the limits specified by control of the oven temperature. The oven temperature shall be controlled by means of athermocouple plac
28、ed in the oven cavity.5.5.2 Suitable equipment such as adjustable reset relay and overload device for shutting off oven heaters and drive motor andother accessory equipment (timer, recorder, etc.) shall be provided. Oven temperature as well as bearing temperature should berecorded.6. Materials6.1 Te
29、st Bearing, SAE No. 204 size, fabricated from heat-resistant steel, suitable for temperatures as high as 371 C (700 F).The bearing shall be manufactured to ABEC-3 quality, having a radial clearance of from 0.025 mm to 0.031 mm (0.0010 in. to0.0012 in.). See AnnexA1 which describesABMAs standard meth
30、od of measuring radial internal clearances of ball bearings. Thebearing shall be equipped with a ball retainer fabricated from suitable material capable of withstanding temperatures as high as371 C (700 F). Support bearings of CRC Type spindles shall be identical to the test bearings.NOTE 2Bearings
31、fabricated from 18-4-1 high speed or M-50 (Specification A600) tool steel with retainers fabricated from heat-treated silver-platedberyllium copper8 have been found satisfactory for this purpose. Alternatively, for testing at temperatures of 149 C (300 F) and below, ASTM TestBearings Size 6204 (PCN
32、12-433360-12)ABEC-3 has been found satisfactory. This bearing is fabricated fromAISI 52100 steel, with a retainer fabricatedfrom AISI C1010 steel and with an internal clearance range of 0.021 mm to 0.028 mm (0.0008 in. to 0.0011 in.).96.2 ASTM n-Heptane.106.3 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade.7. Test C
33、onditions7.1 TemperatureAs specified up to 371 C (700 F).7.2 Speed10 000 rmin 6 200 rmin.7.3 Test Cycle:7.3.1 Twenty-one and one-half hours running at temperatures of 149 C (300 F) and below212 h shutdown without appliedheat.7.3.2 Twenty hours running at temperatures of above 149 C (300 F)4 h shutdo
34、wn without applied heat.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Just prior to lubrication for test, clean the test bearing by rotating it in warm (approximately 50 C (120 F) mineral spirits,reagent grade (WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled) followed by two successive washes of ASTM n-heptane (WarningCombus
35、tible. Vapor harmful) and flash dry in an oven at 71 C (160 F). Cool the bearing to room temperature.8.2 Pack the bearing by hand so that it contains a weighed quantity of grease equivalent to 3.2 cm3 6 0.1 cm3. The grease canalso be measured by volume and applied to the bearing by means of a syring
36、e. The grease shall be worked uniformly into bothsides of the bearings, using a narrow blade spatula, making sure that the grease does not extend beyond the facet of the races. ForCRC Type spindles the support bearing shall be packed full.8 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the com
37、mittee at this time is Bearing MRC204S17, SKF Bearings, .9 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1272.10 Described in 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04, Annex 2, Section A2.7 on Reference Materials.D333
38、6 1748.3 Assemble the test bearing, support bearing, and Z-spring (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) on the spindle and fix the thermocouplesinto position so that it is in contact with the outer race of the test bearing (CRC Type spindles). For tests at 232 C (450 F) andabove, replace the finger spring washer
39、for each test. For Navy Type spindles insert the test bearing into the housing and press thebearing onto the spindle by application of a light force on the inner race. Place the cover plate in position, fix the thermocouplesinto position, and apply the radial and thrust loads.9. Procedure9.1 Rotate
40、the bearing by hand for approximately 100 revolutions in each direction at a speed not exceeding 200 rmin. Startthe drive motor and heater simultaneously and adjust the temperature controller to raise the bearing to test temperature within112 h. After 2 h of test operation at speed and control tempe
41、rature, measure the temperature of the outer race of the test bearing.Adjust the controller such that the outer race of the test bearing is at test temperature for the grease. Record test hours (runningtime), control temperature, and outer-race temperature of the bearing at least every 24 h. Unless
42、automatic controls are employed,a 72 h shutdown (without applied heat) over the weekend, shall be followed. For Navy Type spindles the oven door shall remainclosed during periods of shutdown.NOTE 3Once satisfactory thermal stability has been established with the test bearing, no further manual adjus
43、tment is normally necessary. However,minor adjustments may be made to accommodate changing conditions of voltage, ambient temperatures, etc.9.2 Continue the test until failure or completion of a specified number of known running times.10. Results10.1 The lubricant is considered to have failed when a
44、ny one of the following conditions occurs:10.1.1 Spindle input power increases to a value of 300 % above the steady state condition at test temperature.10.1.2 An increase in temperature at the test bearing of 15 C (27 F) over the test temperature during any portion of a cycle.Ignore any temperature
45、rise that takes place within 30 min after reaching test temperature after daily start-up.10.1.3 There is loading of the test bearing or belt slippage at start up or during the test cycle.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test is not known to have been obtained in accordance with curre
46、ntly accepted guidelines (forexample, see Research Report RR:D02-1007).11.2 Grease life data generated in two separate cooperative testing programs show appreciable scatter and follow Weibulldistributions rather than normal distributions. Statistical parameters such as repeatability and reproducibil
47、ity are therefore notappropriate. Weibull parameters such as slope, L10, L50 and Lc better describe the distribution of test data.11.2.1 Precision may be judged from Weibull plots of the test data, shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and from calculated Weibullparameters, summarized in Table 1 (90 % confide
48、nce limits are shown in parentheses). Precision may also be judged from the meanand range for the center 50 % of results reported, also summarized in Table 1.11 ,1211.3 Replicate testing is essential when using this procedure since appreciable scatter in grease life results can be expected. Agrease
49、needs to be tested on a minimum of five different bearings to provide sufficient data for the Weibull statistical analysis toyield meaningful results.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring life of lubricating greases in ball bearings at elevated temperatures has no bias becausethe value of performance life in ball bearings at elevated temperature can be defined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 ball bearing; grease; life11 Further details may be found in National Lubricating Grease Institute Spokesman,
