1、Designation: D 3438 07Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Naphthalene, Maleic Anhydride, andPhthalic Anhydride1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-dling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydr
3、ide invarious solid forms, and as liquids at elevated temperatures ina safe manner that represents and preserves quality.1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products shouldconsult the applicable Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) forspecific first aid instructions and information on the proper
4、equipment to have available for use in the event of personalcontact or exposure.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
5、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations 29 CFR, paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.120033.
6、 Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful inestablishing sampling procedures. It is expected that thisinformation will only be utilized in conjunction with anexisting health and safety program and consultation withappropriate MSDS. The information provided herein
7、 cannot beused as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, butrather as a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products (See Table 1)4.1 Phthalic anhydride is classified as hazardous by theDepartment of Transportation as a corrosive material and istherefore subject to DOT regulation
8、s governing the transpor-tation of hazardous materials. Maleic anhydride and napthaleneare classified as hazardous by the Department of Transportationand are subject to DOT regulations. Maleic anhydride has theclassification corrosive material, and naphthalene has theclassification flammable solid.4
9、.1.1 These products are normally transported in severaltypes of containers, including cartons, barrels, bags, cans,metal and fiber drums, tank trucks, tank cars, and barges.5. Hazards5.1 HealthConsult current OSHA regulations and suppli-ers Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for allm
10、aterials used in this practice.5.1.1 Aside from the risk of burns in sampling theseproducts when molten, and a possibility of dermatitis fromimpurities, particularly in crude grades, industrial use does notpresent a significant health hazard. However, ordinary sam-pling precautions must be observed
11、to protect personnel fromcontact with molten material or excessive exposure to dusts orhigh concentrations of vapor.5.1.2 Precautions must be observed to protect personnelfrom excessive inhalation of vapors and dust.NOTE 1For permissible exposure limits see OSHA Regulations,paragraph 1910.1000.5.2 F
12、ire:5.2.1 These products in both the solid and liquid forms arecombustible, and introduce a potential fire hazard where theyare stored, handled, or used.5.2.2 Naphthalene, maleic and phthalic anhydride vapors ordust can form explosive mixtures with air.5.2.3 When molten naphthalene, at temperatures
13、above110C, comes into contact with water, foaming or possibleexplosion may result.5.2.4 Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, and foam can all beused in fighting fires involving these materials.5.2.5 Maleic anhydride decomposes violently in the pres-ence of amines or alkali metals, especially at elevated t
14、empera-tures.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on AromaticHydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007.
15、Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3438 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
17、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Persons working with molten naphthalene, maleic, andphthalic anhydrides should be well trained and should maintainsafe working conditions. They should read the appropriateMSDS in its entirety and consult approp
18、riate local safetypersonnel if they have any questions or concerns.7. Safety Precautions7.1 Sampling operations of molten liquids should be per-formed only by carefully instructed personnel.7.2 Exercise care to prevent spills and leaks. If they dooccur, only properly protected personnel should remai
19、n in thecontaminated area per instructions in the appropriate MSDS.7.3 All spill-related activities should comply with appli-cable EPA, OSHA, and local regulations and laws.7.4 Because of fire and explosion hazards, do not permitopen flames in the vicinity of tank carriers, other shippingcontainers,
20、 or storage tanks. Provide all electrical fixtures withvapor-proof globes and explosion-proof safety devices.Ground all containers and lines by an approved method.Prohibit smoking in the area.7.5 Consult the appropriate MSDS for specific first aidinstructions and equipment to have available for use
21、in theevent of personnel contact or exposure.8. Sampling Tank Cars8.1 Use brown 1-qt (1-L) bottles made of heat-resistantglass with screw caps to collect samples of molten maleicanhydride and phthalic anhydride. Use metal 1-qt cans withscrew caps for sampling molten naphthalene.NOTE 2Caps must have
22、aluminum foil liners.8.2 Install the can or glass bottle in a suitable weightedsampling harness, constructed in such a way that the top of thecontainer is held in an upright position, when the apparatus islowered into the car.8.3 Obtain the sample through the open dome. Lower thecan or bottle in the
23、 weighted harness quickly to the bottom ofthe compartment, and raise it slowly at such a rate so that it isabout three fourths full as it emerges from the liquid.8.3.1 Remove the sample apparatus carefully, taking carenot to strike it sharply against the tank car. As soon as thesampling container is
24、 removed from the harness, cap and wipeit off with a rag before the material solidifies on the threads.8.3.2 Label the sample container in accordance with OSHARegulations or other appropriate local regulations, or both, toindicate, as a minimum, the source of the sample, type ofmaterial, quantity, h
25、azards, and the purpose of the sample.8.3.3 It should be emphasized that cleanliness and theabsence of moisture are absolutely essential to ensure that atruly representative sample is obtained from the tank car. Thepractices recommended for Practice E 300 should be observed.9. Sampling Metal Drums a
26、nd Cans of Naphthalene9.1 Before heating the container of naphthalene, provide avent and protect the material from contamination. Melting thenaphthalene with dry heat is preferred to avoid moisturecontamination.9.2 To ensure a representative sample, mix the contents ofthe container thoroughly by a s
27、uitable means.9.3 Sample the naphthalene as soon as possible after it ismelted and mixed. Collect the sample in tinned cans. Samplingmay be done either by dipping out portions or by means of aheated pipet.9.4 Label the sample container in accordance with 8.3.2.10. Sampling Solid Naphthalene (Chips,
28、Flakes, Balls)10.1 Bulk Quantities:10.1.1 Take a representative sample, preferably from afalling naphthalene stream, using a straight-path sampler.Adjust sampler feed rate, slot width, cutter speed, and fre-quency to collect12 lb of sample per 10 000 lb (4540 kg) ofnaphthalene.10.1.2 Melt the entire
29、 naphthalene sample and mix thor-oughly before analyzing.10.2 Bags (100 lb, 45.4 kg):10.2.1 Using a small thief 8 to 12 in. (203 to 305 mm),remove about12 lb of sample from 1 bag out of every 40 bags(4000 lb, 1814 kg) of naphthalene. Take the sample from thefilling ear or, if necessary, by opening o
30、ne corner of the bag.Place each sample in a plastic bag or brown glass jar labeledwith proper identification in accordance with 8.3.2.10.2.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Melt the blend and mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3 Drums (200 to 240 lb, 91 to 109 kg):10.3.1 Insert a
31、thief into the center of the drum to thehalfway point and remove about 200 g of naphthalene. Sample1 drum out of every 20 drums (4000 to 5000 lb, 1814 to 2268kg). Place each sample in a plastic bag or glass jar labeled withproper identification. Label the sample container in accordancewith 8.3.2.10.
32、3.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Melt the blend and mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3.3 Label the sample container in accordance with 8.3.2.11. Sampling Solid Phthalic Anhydride and MaleicAnhydride11.1 For the purpose of this sampling procedure, a sampleunit is defined as 20
33、00 lb (907 kg) consisting of forty 50-lb(22.7-kg) bags, for phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride.These are usually shipped on a pallet.TABLE 1 Typical Physical PropertiesProductMeltingPoint,CBoiling Point,CForms Flash Point, CExplosive Limit, %IgnitionTemperature, FSpecific Gravity,20CLower Highe
34、rNaphthalene 80 218 (sublimes) flakes, balls, liquid, rods, tablets 78 0.9 5.9 979 1.15Maleic anhydride 53 200 (sublimes) rods, briquettes, liquid 101 1.4 7.1 878 1.43Phthalic anhydride 130 284 (sublimes) flakes, liquid 165 1.7 10.5 1058 1.53D343807211.2 It is recommended that 10 % of the shipment b
35、esampled, with a maximum of five sample units comprising acomposite sample.11.3 A maximum of five sample units may be compositedfor analysis with a minimum of 200 g taken from each sampleunit.11.4 Sample containers shall be brown glass bottles, fittedwith aluminum foil-lined caps. Before use, clean
36、and dry thebottles in a clean air convection-type oven.11.5 Nickel, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, orstainless steel-type scoops are recommended for takingsamples of product from the bags selected for sampling.11.6 Extreme care and good judgment are necessary toensure that the samples tru
37、ly represent the product.11.7 Seal the opened bags with a suitable tape.11.8 Label the bottles in accordance with 8.3.2.12. Keywords12.1 maleic anhydride; naphthalene; phthalic andhydride;samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since t
38、he last issue(D 3438 - 99) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved January 1, 2007.)(1) Sections 1-8: Revised to remove specific safety, handling,and first aid instructions, emphasizing consultation with, andadherence to, all aspects of an appropriate manufacturersMSDS as well as any oth
39、er applicable instructions and regu-lations.(2) Removed reference to CHEMTREC in 5.3.(3) Deleted Table 2, Bulk Packaging Regulatory Information.(4) Deleted 2.2 US DOT Regulation reference.(5) Deleted Section 8, Unloading Tank Cars or Tank Trucks.ASTM International takes no position respecting the va
40、lidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is su
41、bject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headqu
42、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stand
43、ard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3438073
