1、Designation: D 3462 07Standard Specification forAsphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced withMineral Granules1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3462; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a
3、sphalt roofing in shingleform, composed of glass felt or felts impregnated and coatedon both sides with asphalt, and surfaced on the weather sidewith mineral granules. This specification is designed for theevaluation of products as manufactured. The test methods,physical requirements, and minimum ma
4、sses are to be mea-sured immediately after packaging or at a reasonable time, asagreed upon between buyer and seller, after manufacture andbefore installation. Physical and performance requirementsafter application and during in-service use of the productsdescribed herein are beyond the scope of thi
5、s material speci-fication.1.2 Shingles meeting this specification are intended to beapplied with a headlap of not less than 51 mm (2 in.).1.3 The shingles shall be supplied with a factory-appliedself-sealing adhesive or be designed to be locked togetherduring installation of the shingles.1.4 The val
6、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method described in this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
7、of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball App
8、aratus)D 228 Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis ofAsphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used inRoofing and WaterproofingD 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-ingD 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance ofPlastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Meth
9、odD 3161 Test Method for Wind-Resistance of AsphaltShingles (Fan-Induced Method)D 4977 Test Method for Granule Adhesion to MineralSurfaced Roofing by AbrasionE 108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms, see Terminology D 1079.3.1.2
10、For testing purposes, under Test Methods D 228, glassfelt shall be considered as felt.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The glass felt shall be a thin porous sheet composedpredominately of fine glass fibers uniformly deposited in anonwoven pattern. It is permitted to reinforce the glass feltwith rando
11、m or parallel-oriented glass yarns, or both, which arepermitted to be gathered or twisted, bonded or unbonded. Thefelt shall contain a substantially water-insoluble binding agent.4.2 In the process of manufacture, one or more thicknessesof glass felt shall be impregnated with an asphaltic material.W
12、hen more than one thickness of felt is used, the mats shall beadhered to each other with a continuous layer of asphalticmaterial between adjacent felts. The nature of the asphalticmaterial and the thickness of the adhering layers shall ensure afirm bond between adjacent glass felts. The single felt
13、orlaminated felts shall then be coated on both sides with a hotasphaltic coating.4.3 The asphaltic material used to impregnate, laminate, andcoat the glass felt, in any or all of these functions, is permittedto be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Glass fibers are1This specification is under the
14、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02on Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20
15、05 as D 3462 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.permitted to be compounded with the asphalt in addition to, orinstead of, the mineral stabilizer.4.4 All surfaces to be exposed to the weather, when theproduct is properly installed, shall be surfaced with mineralgranules embedded
17、 in the asphalt coating.4.5 The reverse side shall be covered with a suitablematerial such as pulverized sand, talc, or mica to prevent theshingles from sticking together in the package.4.6 The shingles shall have a factory-applied adhesive thatwill seal the shingles together after application when
18、activatedby heat and sunlight or be designed to be locked togetherduring installation of the shingles.5. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements5.1 Shingles shall not stick together in the package so as tocause damage upon being unpacked at ambient temperatures.5.2 The shingles shall conform to
19、the requirements pre-scribed in Table 1.5.3 Fire Test ClassificationShingles shall pass all of theClass A fire exposure test requirements of Test Method E 108.5.4 Wind Resistance, Shingles shall pass the wind resistancetest requirements of Test Method D 3161.6. Dimensions, Masses, and Permissible Va
20、riations6.1 The form and size of the shingles shall be as agreedupon by the purchaser and seller.6.2 The shingles shall not vary in length or width by morethan 3.2 mm (618 in.) from nominal dimensions establishedfor each size, except that the length (long dimension) ofshingles without cutouts shall
21、not vary by more than 6.4 mm(614 in.).6.3 The shingles shall conform to the masses prescribed inTable 2.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The glass felt shall be uniformly encapsulated withasphalt and shall show no uncoated fibers.7.2 The weather surface shall be uniform in finish and maybe
22、embossed to simulate a grain texture. The mineral granulesshall cover the entire surface and shall be firmly embedded inthe asphalt coating. The granules may project into the mat to alimited degree. There shall be no damage to the mat bypenetrating granules as determined after extraction.7.3 The fin
23、ished shingles shall be free of visible defectssuch as holes, edges not cleanly cut, rents, cracks, or indenta-tions.8. Sampling and Test Methods8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Test MethodsD 228 and determine conformance to the requirements of thisspecification in accordance with the foll
24、owing test methods:8.1.1 Weight Loss and Behavior on HeatingTest MethodsD 228.8.1.2 Tear StrengthUse Test Method D 1922 as modifiedin Test Method D 228.8.1.3 Fire Test ClassificationTest Method E 108, Class Atests.8.1.4 Wind ResistanceTest Method D 3161.8.1.5 Penetration of AsphaltTest Method D5.8.1
25、.6 Asphalt Softening PointTest Method D36.8.1.7 Minimum Net Mass and Average Net MassTestMethods D 228.8.1.8 Mass of Glass Mat, Asphalt, and Mineral MatterTest Methods D 228.8.1.9 Weight of Displaced GranulesTest Method D 4977.8.1.10 Fastener Pull-Through Resistance:8.1.10.1 ScopeThis test method me
26、asures the force re-quired to pull a fastener head through a specimen of shinglematerial under defined conditions in a specified test apparatus.The test provides a simple measurement of complex mechani-cal effects which relate to the shingles resistance to wind.8.1.10.2 FastenersVarious fasteners ap
27、propriate for appli-cation of shingles shall be permitted in this test. A standardgalvanized roofing nail with 9.5-mm (38-in.) diameter head isTABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Feltmax minBehavior on heating:Loss of volatile matter, % 1.5 .Sliding of granular surfacin
28、g, mm (in.) 2 (116) .Tear strength, g . . . 16.7 N (1700)Fastener pull-through resistance at 23 6 2C (73 6 4F), newtons (lbf)Single-layer product . . . 90 (20)Multi-layer product . . . 135 (30)Fastener pull-through resistance at 0 6 2C (32 6 4F), newtons (lbf)Single-layer product . . . 104 (23)Multi
29、-layer product . . . 180 (40)Wind resistance . . . Class AFire resistance . . . Class APenetration of asphalt, 0.1 mmA(tested without mineral stabilizer) . . . 15Pliability at 23 6 2C (736 4F)Weather side up machine direction . . . 4 of 5 shall passWeather side up cross direction . . . 4 of 5 shall
30、passWeather side down machine direction . . . 4 of 5 shall passWeather side down cross direction . . . 4 of 5 shall passAsphalt softening point, C (F)A(tested without mineral stabilizer) 113 (235) 88 (190)Asphalt softening point for polymer modified products, C (F)A(tested without mineral stabilizer
31、) 160 (320) 88Weight of displaced granules 1.0g .AThe requirements are to be tested for by the manufacturer of the shingles. They cannot be determined on the finished product.D3462072used in the following procedure. The specific fastener usedmust be reported with the results, and if necessary, theor
32、ientation of any prominent geometric features with respect tothe shingle orientation shall also be reported.NOTE 1When other fasteners, for example, staples, are used with thistest procedure and apparatus, the effects of varying orientation of thestaple crown with the shingle orientation (lengthwise
33、 or at some angle tothe length direction of the shingle), or the effects of the staple crown notbeing parallel to the shingle surface, will generally cause greater variabil-ity in the results than when using a roofing nail.8.1.10.3 SpecimensFor single-layer shingles, prepare tenspecimens 98 6 3mm(37
34、8 618 in.) square for each sampleor shingle material to be tested at each test condition. Eachspecimen shall be composed of a single thickness of shingle.Specimens shall be permitted to include areas containingsealant (factory-applied adhesive) or release tape, or both, ifthis is expected to be in t
35、he nailing area when the shingles areapplied in accordance with the manufacturers/sellers instruc-tions. If this is the case, then note it in the report since it couldaffect the result. For normal testing, the central area of thespecimen where the nail penetrates shall be typical of the singlethickn
36、ess exposed area of the shingle under test. For shingleswith tab cutouts, any specimen in which the cutout is visiblethrough the opening in the plate (see 8.1.10.6(2) will have theeffect of increasing the variability of the results.8.1.10.4 For multi-layer shingles, prepare ten specimens 986 3mm(378
37、 618 in.) square using the following procedure.These specimens shall be cut from the manufacturers specifiedfastening position on the shingle. First determine the manufac-turers specific defined fastener placement position on theshingle. This may be found in the written instructions or by adrawing s
38、howing the specific fastening points on the shinglewrapper. Once this position is determined, cut a 98 6 3-mm(378 618-in.) wide strip from the shingle with this fasteningposition centered in the strip. Typically, this strip will be cutfrom the long dimension, or length, of the shingle. Use thisstrip
39、 to cut consecutive specimens 98 6 3mm(378 618 in.)in length. No less than three specimens in a row or more thanfour specimens in a row from one shingle can be used to makeup the ten specimens required for testing.NOTE 2Specimens shall be permitted to include areas containingfactory-applied adhesive
40、 (sealant) or release tape, or both, if this isexpected to be in the nailing area when the shingles are applied inaccordance with the manufacturers/sellers instructions. If this is the case,it shall be noted in the report since it could affect the result. For normaltesting, the central area of the s
41、pecimen where the nail penetrates shall betypical of the single thickness exposed area of the shingle under test. Formulti-layered shingles, the test shall be performed in the area specified forfastening in the manufacturers/sellers instructions.8.1.10.5 ConditioningCondition specimens at the tem-pe
42、ratures prescribed in Table 1 for at least two hours prior totesting, and conduct the test at the prescribed temperatures.Other test conditions shall be permitted to give indications offastener pull-through resistance at different temperatures, pro-vided that they specimens are conditioned for at le
43、ast2handtest at the desired temperature, and that the temperature used isnoted in the report.8.1.10.6 ProcedurePush a 38-mm (112-in.) long galva-nized roofing nail with 9.5-mm (38-in.) diameter head throughthe center of the specimen (entering from the granule side andexiting at the backsurfacing sid
44、e as in normal shingle applica-tion) such that the head of the nail rests against the granulesurface and the shank protrudes from the backsurface. It ispermitted to use a fixture to locate the center of the specimenwithin 66mm(614 in.) of the intersection of the diagonals ofthe square specimen or to
45、 draw diagonals with chalk tofacilitate central positioning of the nail.(1) Clamp the base part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1into the lower jaws of a constant rate of extension test machinecapable of applying a force of at least 445 N (100 lbf) at anextension rate of 100 mm (4 in.)/min.(2) Place
46、the plate part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1over the specimen so that the plate is centered over thespecimen in contact with the backsurface of the specimen andwith the nail shank protruding through the center of the63.5-mm (212-in.) diameter hole. Use a different nail for eachspecimen to prepare
47、 a number of specimens, with nails inposition, ready for conditioning before testing.(3) Place the assembled specimen, nail, and plate into thebase part of the apparatus with the nail pointing upwards sothat it can be gripped by the upper jaw of the test machine. Thearrangement of the assembly ready
48、 for test is shown in Fig. 2.(4) Clamp the nail shank in the upper jaw of the testmachine and pull the nail through the specimen at a rate of 100mm (4 in.)/min. Record the maximum force in N (lbf) to thenearest 0.5 N (0.1 lbf) required to pull the head of the nailcompletely through the specimen. If
49、a strip-chart recorder isused, choose a scale in which the maximum pull-through forceis at least 50 % of the full-scale reading.8.1.10.7 ReportReport the type of product: single-layer ormulti-layer along with the number of layers. Report theaverage and standard deviation of the pull-through force for theten specimens from each sample of shingles tested. Report thetest conditions and note any special circumstances, for ex-ample, if the pull-through was performed in an area containingsealant or release tape, or both. Report also the
