1、Designation: D3530M 97 (Reapproved 2008)1Standard Test Method forVolatiles Content of Composite Material Prepreg1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3530M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEThis standard was corrected to a single-de
3、signation standard editorially in October 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vola-tiles content, in weight percent of composite material prepregs.This standard focuses on composites with thermosetting resinsthat tend to lose a few percent of the matrix mass when heated
4、due to loss of both retained water and low molecular weightmatrix constituents that volatilize during heating.1.2 Use of this test method is limited to maximum tempera-ture of circulating air ovens (approximately 300C).1.3 Use of this test method is limited to temperatures belowwhich the matrix flow
5、s from the reinforcement.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
6、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE1309 Guid
7、e for Identification of Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases2.2 NFPA Standard:NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relatingto composite materials. Terminology D883 defines termsrelating to plastics. Practice E
8、177 defines terms relating tostatistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, TerminologyD3878 shall have precedence over other documents.3.1.1 prepreg, nthe admixture of fibrous reinforcementand polymeric matrix used to fabricate composite materials. Itsform may be sheet, tape, or tow. See Ter
9、minology D3878.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Volatiles Content, nthe amount of volatiles presentin a prepreg expressed as a weight percent.3.3 Symbols:3.3.1 Mithe initial mass of the sample.3.3.2 Mfthe mass of the sample after oven exposure.3.3.3 Vcthe weight percent volat
10、iles content.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Specimens of prepreg are weighed and then exposed toelevated temperature, equal to the nominal cure or consolida-tion temperature of the material, in an air circulating oven toremove the volatiles. The exposed samples are reweighed andthe percent change in w
11、eight expressed as volatiles content.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to obtain the volatiles contentof composite material prepreg. Knowledge of the volatilescontent is useful in developing optimum manufacturing pro-cesses.5.2 The volatiles content is determined after exposure to
12、thenominal cure or consolidation temperature.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 onConstituent/Precursor Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyappr
13、oved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3530/D3530M 97(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3530M-97R08E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
14、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Interferences6.1 AirflowThe amoun
15、t of measured volatiles may beincreased or decreased by changing the velocity of airflow.Since airflow in most ovens is not linear in each part, avelometer should be used to measure airflow where samplesare placed. Samples should be placed only in positions ofknown airflow so that results may be rep
16、eatable. Use of baffleshas been found to even airflow between samples.6.2 Sample ExposureThe geometric shape and positioningof the sample have an effect on the measured volatiles content.Samples placed horizontally in a rack will not be exposed tothe same amount of airflow as samples hung vertically
17、. Aribbon wound in a 150 mm diameter hoop may give slightlydifferent results than the same ribbon wound in a 50 mmdiameter hoop. A thinner sample will be exposed to moreairflow at its surface than a thicker sample.6.3 Time of ExposureFor any given temperature, sampleplacement, and airflow, the sampl
18、e will lose volatiles at a setinitial rate, that decreases over time. After some time period,volatiles lost in the test will approach the true volatiles contentof the sample. If the time period is not sufficient to show a truevolatiles content of the material, the volatiles content isrepresentative
19、of only the condition of the test.6.4 Time of Ambient ExposureVolatiles content varies dueto prolonged exposure of temperatures exceeding prepreg glasstransition temperature or exposure to humidity. This change isassociated with matrix crosslinking and change in tack.7. Apparatus7.1 Cutting BladeDie
20、 cutter that provides fixed specimenarea to within a tolerance of 0.5 % is recommended. Singleedge blade is acceptable.7.2 Cutting TemplateWhen a die cutter is not used, acutting template is required. The cutting template shall havegrooves within a tolerance of 0.4 mm parallel true positionfrom cent
21、er line. This allows a 2 % area error.7.3 Analytical BalanceThe analytical balance shall becapable of reading to within 60.1 mg.7.4 Circulating Air Oven, capable of tolerance within 63C.Removable baffles should be placed in the oven so that airflowis not directly aimed at the specimen.7.5 Rack, that
22、 allows air circulation and from which hooksmay be suspended.7.6 Timer, capable of reading 20 6 1 min.7.7 Desiccator.8. Hazards8.1 Some materials contain flammable or toxic solvents aspart of the matrix. These materials could build up to dangerousconcentrations of vapor in the oven. NFPA 86 provides
23、guidelines on amount of flammable materials that may besafely placed in an oven.9. Test Specimens9.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested for eachsample.9.2 The specimen size shall be a minimum of 1600 mm2bymaterial thickness. Ribbon, braid, and fabric forms that do notdrip resin shall be su
24、spended from the rack. Ribbon shall belooped in close proximity so that individual strands are notclumped together. Other forms may be placed horizontally onthe rack.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 All measuring equipment shall have certified calibra-tions that are current at the time of use
25、 of the equipment. Thecalibration documentation shall be available for inspection.11. Conditioning11.1 Store carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg at low temperaturesas recommended by the manufacturer (typically approxi-mately -18C). Allow sealed packages of material to warm asrecommended by manufacturer or co
26、ntrolling specificationbefore seal is opened to ensure that the material does notabsorb moisture from the atmosphere.12. Procedure12.1 Weigh each of the three specimens on an analyticalbalance to 0.1 mg. Record the mass of each specimen as Mi.12.2 Coat any surfaces of the rack or clip that may conta
27、ctthe specimen with a suitable release agent to prevent loss ofspecimen weight due to resin adherence.12.3 Place the samples on the rack or suspended from therack (braids, ribbons, and fabric) as quickly as possible, placethe rack into a preheated oven, and set at the nominal cure orconsolidation te
28、mperature as recommended by the manufac-turer or controlling specification. The specimens should beplaced so that the maximum surface area is exposed to thecirculating heat.12.4 Set the timer for 15 min.NOTE 1Other times may be used, but a timed study shall be performedshowing that at least 90 % of
29、the maximum volatiles content is obtainedat the recommended time.12.5 Remove the specimens from the rack and place them ina desiccator.12.6 Remove the specimens from the desiccator after theyhave cooled to ambient (a minimum of 5 min). Weighspecimens within 1 min of removal from desiccator. Recordth
30、is mass as Mf.13. Calculation13.1 Calculate the volatiles content Vc, weight percent, ofeach specimen as follows:Vc5Mi2 MfMi3100 (1)where:Mi= initial weight of prepreg specimen, g, andMf= weight of specimen after removed from oven, g.14. Report14.1 Report the following information or references poin
31、t-ing to other documents containing the information to themaximum extent applicable:D3530M 97 (2008)1214.1.1 Reporting of items that are beyond the control of agiven test laboratory, such as material details shall be theresponsibility of the requestor,14.1.2 Complete identification of the material a
32、ccording toGuide E1309 including fiber type, surface treatment, fibermanufacturer, resin system, resin manufacturer, prepregmanufacturer, prepreg form, prepreg areal weight, and prepregmatrix content,14.1.3 The time and temperature to remove the volatiles,14.1.4 Specific ambient exposure conditions
33、and time ateach condition, and14.1.5 The volatiles content for each of the three specimensexpressed as weight percent, the average volatiles content.15. Precision and Bias15.1 PrecisionThe data required for the development of aprecision statement is not available for this test method.Committee D30 i
34、s currently planning a round-robin test for thistest method in order to determine precision.15.2 BiasBias cannot be determined for this test methodas no acceptable reference standard exists.16. Keywords16.1 composite materials; prepreg; volatiles contentASTM International takes no position respectin
35、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
36、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
37、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th
38、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3530M 97 (2008)13
