1、Designation: D 3676 07Standard Specification forRubber Cellular Cushion Used for Carpet or Rug Underlay1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3676; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers high-density cellular rubberadhered to carpet, rugs, or various substrates for use as separateund
3、erlay. This standard may also be used as a specification forseparately blown sponge used as carpet underlay.1.2 This specification provides material and dimensionalrequirements and test methods for specific properties of com-pression set, compression resistance or compression forcedeflection, delami
4、nation strength, and accelerated aging.NOTE 1This specification does not include requirements for burningcharacteristics. It shall be noted that Flammable Fabrics Act RegulationsFF1-70, Standard for the Surface Flammability of Carpets and Rugs, andFF2-70, Standard for the Surface Flammability of Sma
5、ll Carpets andRugs,2may be applicable for carpets and rugs with integral backing ofrubber cellular cushion.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
6、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 751
7、 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD 3767 Practice for RubberMeasurement of Dimensions2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 191 Textile Test
8、 Methods, Method 5100Breaking Strength and Elongation of Woven Cloth; GrabMethod43. Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide meaning-ful tests for rubber cellular cushion used for carpet or rugunderlay.4. Classification4.1 The following classes of flexible, cellular, h
9、igh-densityrubber adhered to carpets, rugs, and separate substrates arecovered.4.1.1 Class A, for moderate traffic use within one and twofamily, multi-family, and care-type dwelling units. Moderatetraffic areas are areas such as living rooms, dining rooms,bedrooms, and recreation rooms.4.1.2 Class B
10、, for heavy traffic use for public areas such aslobbies and corridors of multifamily and care-type facilities;entrances, stairways, and elevators.5. Physical Requirements5.1 The material shall conform to the requirements forphysical properties prescribed in Table 1.6. Sampling and Sample Preparation
11、6.1 Select representative samples of the lot being examinedat random as required.6.2 Each sample shall consist of a 200 6 10-mm wide striptaken across the full width of the finished rug, carpet orunderlayment, or other substrate. For narrow products such asrunners, it may be necessary to use a strip
12、 300 mm or more tofurnish all the test specimens. If the product is not homoge-neous across the full width, reject the sample and obtainanother sample. Prior to cutting, read the sample requirementsso as to plan the cutting pattern properly.6.3 Mark off 150 mm from the outer edges of the sampleand c
13、ut all specimens from inside these lines. Divide this insidewidth into three approximately equal parts. After cutting thespecimens, identify the originating area on the foam side.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
14、mittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3676 - 01.2Code of Federal Regulations, Vol 16, Chapter II, Parts 1630 and 1632.3For referenced ASTM st
15、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins
16、Ave., Philadelphia, PA 191115094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 Cut three 50 6 1mmby1506 3-mm specimens fromthe sample, one from each
17、 side area and one from the center.Cut the long dimension parallel to the warp threads of thecarpet or rug, if applicable.6.5 Die-cut six 100 6 2mmby1006 2-mm specimens,two from each side area and two from the center. Die-cut thespecimens with the foam side against the cutting die.6.6 Cut at least o
18、ne 50 6 1mmby1006 2-mm specimenfrom the remaining sample.7. Test Methods7.1 Unless specifically stated otherwise, all tests shall bemade in accordance with the methods specified in Sections9-16.8. Inspection and Rejection8.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place ofmanufacture prior to
19、shipment unless otherwise specified.8.2 Any material that fails in one or more of the testrequirements may be resampled at another area and retested.Failure of the retest shall be cause for final rejection.8.3 The manufacturer shall certify that the material is incompliance with this specification.9
20、. Test Conditions9.1 Condition the specimens for a minimum of 24 h at 23 62C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity. If other conditions areused, note these conditions in the report.10. Area Density of Foam Backing10.1 ProcedureWeigh the six 100 mm by 100-mm speci-mens separately and record the mass to the
21、nearest 0.01 g.Using suitable equipment, for example, an electric carvingknife and supporting guides, separate the foam backing fromthe primary carpet backing by cutting at the line where thetextile component meets the foam component. Cut as closely aspossible without damaging the primary carpet bac
22、king. Keepthe foam specimens for further tests. Remove any remainingfoam from the primary carpet backing by brushing it with astiff wire-bristle brush. Weigh each carpet specimen separatelyand record the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.10.2 CalculationFor each specimen, calculate the mass(M) of the foam
23、as the difference between the total mass andthe mass of the carpet with foam backing removed. Report theaverage of the six results. Calculate the mass per unit area inkilograms per square metre by dividing the average mass bythe area of the specimen. (For specimens 100 mm by 100 mm(4 in. by 4 in.),
24、the area density in kilograms per squaremetre = 0.1 M, when M is expressed in grams.)10.3 Precision and BiasSeeTest Methods D 3574,TestA.11. Thickness11.1 ProcedureMeasure the thickness of each of the six100 mm by 100-mm foam specimens to the nearest 0.02 mm,by means of a thickness gage having a cir
25、cular presser footwith an area of 645 mm2and exerting a pressure of 1.5 kPa.Apply the force slowly without impact and read the thicknessgage immediately. Report the average of the six readings.11.2 Precision and BiasSee Practice D 3767, MethodA2.12. Volume Density12.1 ProcedureWeigh each of the six
26、100 mm by 100-mm(4 in. by 4-in.) foam specimens to the nearest 0.01 g.12.2 CalculationCalculate the density for each specimenas follows:d 5 100 M / T (1)where:d = density, kg/m3,M = Mass, g, andT = Thickness, mm.Report the average of the six determinations.12.3 Precision and BiasSeeTest Methods D 35
27、74,TestA.13. Compression Resistance13.1 ProcedureCut each of the 100 mm by 100-mm foamspecimens into four 50 mm by 50-mm specimens. Form twosets of plied specimens approximately 25-mm thick, skin sideto cut side. Place the plied specimen in a compression testerand, with a presser foot that is larger
28、 than the surface area ofthe specimen, determine the total thickness of the pliedspecimen with a prestress of 1.5 kPa. Compress the pliedspecimen to 75 6 1 % of its original thickness at 0.83 6 0.08mm/s and immediately determine the total force in kN. Reportthe average of the two results.13.2 Calcul
29、ationCalculate the compression resistance asfollows:CR5A/B!2D (2)where:CR= compression resistance, kPa,A = force, kN,B = area, m2, andD = Pre-stress of 1.5 kPa.(For a specimen 50 mm by 50 mm, the compressionresistance in kilopascals = (0.4 A ) 1.5, when A is expressedin newtons.)TABLE 1Characteristi
30、c Class A Class B ASTM MethodMass per unit area, min,kg/m2(oz/yd2)1.3 (38.0) 1.6 (46.0) Section 10 of D3676Thickness, min, mm (in.) 3 (0.12) 3 (0.12) Section 11 of D3676Density, min, kg/m3(lb/ft3)270 (17) 320 (20) Section 12 of D3676Compression Resist-ance, min, kPa (psi)21 (3) 31 (4.5) Section 13 o
31、f D3676Constant deflectioncompression set,max, %15 15 D 395, Method B withchanges as in Section14 of D3676Delamination resistance,min, N/min (lbf/in.)350 (2) 350 (2) Section 15 of D3676Accelerated aging Samplesshall passthe statedrequirementsD 573 with changes asin Section 16 of D3676Tensile strengt
32、h, min, kPa(psi)55 (8) 55 (8) D 3574Compression ForceDeflection, KPa (psi)D 3574D367607213.3 Precision and BiasSee Specification D 1056, Com-pression Deflection Tests.14. Constant Deflection Compression Set14.1 ProcedureForm two additional sets of plied speci-mens 50 mm by 50 mm, approximately 25 mm
33、 thick, skin sideto cut side, using specimens from the compression resistancetest if necessary. Determine the thickness of the plied speci-mens in accordance with Section 11. Place the plied specimensin a fixture consisting of two parallel plates larger than thespecimen in surface area. Compress the
34、 specimen to 50 6 1%of its original thickness as determined above, using appropriatespacers to maintain the required thickness. Place the fixturewith the compressed specimen in a circulating air oven at 70 61C for 22 6 0.5 h. Remove the fixture from the oven, unclampimmediately, and remove the plied
35、 specimen from the fixture.Remeasure the thickness of the plied specimen in accordancewith Section 11 after a 4.5 6 0.5 h recovery. If the plies adheretogether after the oven treatment, do not separate them beforeremeasuring. Report the average of the two results.14.2 CalculationCalculate the consta
36、nt deflection com-pression set expressed as a percentage loss of the originalthickness:Ct5 100to2 tf!/to(3)where:Ct= compression set, %,to= original thickness, mm (in.), andtf= final thickness, mm (in.).14.3 Precision and BiasSee Test Methods D 395, Test B.15. Delamination Resistance15.1 ProcedureTa
37、ke the three 50 mm by 150-mm speci-mens and cover the foam side with self-adhering tape. Separatethe foam backing from the primary carpet backing for approxi-mately 40 mm at one end of the specimen. Use a tensile testerequivalent to that described in Method 5100 of Fed. Std. No.191 or Test Methods D
38、 751. Set the clamps of the tensile tester,25 mm apart and clamp the loose end of the attached foam inthe lower clamp and the loose end of the carpet in the upperclamp. The clamps must be as wide as the specimen, 50 mm.Select a speed of 5 mm/s and start the tester to pull thespecimen apart. Take the
39、 average of the five high peaks on therecording chart to determine the force in newtons.15.2 CalculationCalculate the delamination resistance foreach specimen as follows:Dr5 F/W (4)where:Dr= delamination resistance, kN/m,F = force required, N, andW = width of specimen, mm.Report the average of the t
40、hree results.15.3 Precision and BiasSee Test Methods D 751. Adhe-sion of Coating to Fabric.16. Accelerated Aging16.1 ProcedurePlace a 50 mm by 100-mm specimen ofthe material in a circulating air oven at 135 6 5C for 24 h.16.2 ExaminationSpecimens should withstand this expo-sure with no more than a s
41、light discoloration or surfacedegradation, or both. After cooling to ambient temperature,bend the sample 180 so that the two ends meet and the foamside is outermost. A slight cracking or crazing is acceptable.Total rupture of the foam is not acceptable. Report as pass orfail. In case of failure repo
42、rt the failure mode.16.3 Precision and BiasA statement about precision andbias is not made since the result merely states pass or fail.17. Compression Force Deflection Test17.1 When required Compression Force Deflection (CFD)is to be tested, use Test Method D 3574, Test C.NOTE 3This method has becom
43、e the preferred test for measuring thefirmness of carpet cushion.17.2 Test material must be at least 6.35 mm thick. If thespecimen is less than 6.35mm, it must be plied up to at least6.35mm.17.3 Typical CFD tests are 25 %, 50 %, 65 %, althoughother deflections may be specified by the customer. Fifty
44、percent deflection is the default unless otherwise agreed uponby the contractual parties17.4 Precision and BiasSee Test Method D 3574, Test C.18. Packaging and Package Marking18.1 The material shall be packaged properly and ad-equately. Each package or container shall be marked legiblywith the name
45、and size of the material, name or trademark ofthe manufacturer, and any required purchasers designations.19. Keywords19.1 carpet cushion specification; flexible cellular materials;rubberD3676073APPENDIXX1. CR VERSUS CFDINTRODUCTIONThese correlation equations for Compression Resistance (CR) in accord
46、ance with D 3676 andCompression Force Deflection (CFD) in accordance with D 3574 were determined from the testing of19 different types and grades of rubber carpet underlays in 2007. This included flat rubber, texturedrubber, waffle rubber, and recycled rubber products ranging in weights from 60 to 1
47、20 oz/yd. The R2numbers from the statistical data fits were very high showing excellent correlation between the twotests.X1.1 Correlation EquationsX1.1.1 25 % Deflection:x 5 .082 v 3.35!21 0.56y 0.42 R25 0.96where:x = 25 % CFDy =25%CRX1.1.2 50 % Deflection:x 5 .005 y 10.63!21 0.6y 0.86 R25 0.99where
48、:x = 50 % CFDy =50%CRX1.1.3 65 % Deflection:x 5 .001 y 24.26!21 0.71y 2.09 R25 0.99where:x = 65 % CFDy =65%CRSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 3676 - 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2007
49、)(1) Added tolerances throughout specification.(2) Added appendix for CFD and CR correlations.(3) Added CFD requirements to Table 1.(4) Editorial changes were made throughout the specification.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Thi
