1、Designation: D 3751 94 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Furniture Polish1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to testand the apparatus to use in evaluating the performance offurniture polishes.1.2
3、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1
4、Definition:2.1.1 furniture polisha polish used for cleaning and im-proving the appearance of furniture finishes.3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice defines the properties to be tested, theapparatus to be used, and the comparisons of product perfor-mance. It is recognized that considerable discr
5、etion existsamong formulators and marketers of furniture polish on whichproperties or performance characteristics are best for theirproducts. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact withinthe confines of the furniture polish definition below.3.2 The methods of testing are subjective and em
6、pirical inorder to conform to the basic characteristics of the industry andto allow flexibility in testing.4. Apparatus and Materials4.1 Control Polish, selected subjectively for comparison tothe test polish. It may be a competitive product, a modifiedformulation of the test polish, etc. The one sti
7、pulation is thatthe control polish be of the same or similar type as the testpolish. For example, if the test polish is an aerosol emulsionpolish, the control shall be an aerosol emulsion polish. It wouldnot be meaningful to select a paste or liquid product as acontrol for comparison to an aerosol e
8、mulsion test polish.4.2 Test Substrate for which the test polish is intended. Thetest surface shall be in good physical condition, not badlycracked, scratched, or otherwise damaged so as to interferewith evaluation of polish properties. The minimum test surfacearea for each sample shall be 200 in.2(
9、1290 cm2).4.3 Polishing ClothMaterials such as washed cheesecloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and nonwovenfabrics are suitable for this purpose. The same type polishingcloth should be used with each sample tested. Use separatecloths for each sample. Do not use felt or paper.4.4 Clea
10、ning Solvent, aliphatic, with kauri-butanol valuesless than 38.4.5 Eye Droppers and Tap Water.5. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be the sample of polish to betested.6. Selection of Testers6.1 The application and evaluation of the test and controlpolishes requires four individuals. They shal
11、l be capable ofmaking discriminating judgments of subjective, physical, andaesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specific prod-uct performance characteristics may be required.6.2 Each person applies the polishes to one of the four testpanels. The tester then rates all properties except a
12、pplicationproperties on the remaining three panels that they did notpolish. The person applying the polishes rates ease of use andother application properties. This means there will be only fourreadings on application properties. The three rating the otherpolish properties do not observe the applica
13、tion because theyrate properties of each polish “blind.”7. Procedure7.1 Cleaning of Test SubstratesUse an aliphatic solventhaving a kauri-butanol value less than 38, to clean the testsubstrate thoroughly. Use new paper towels each time to applythe solvent to the surface and to wipe it clean.7.2 Appl
14、ication of PolishAssuming the control polish orthe test polish is a commercially available product, follow thedirections on the container so far as possible. When in doubt onthe method of use, follow the directions for similar products.Use equal volumes of control and test polish to avoid exces-sive
15、ly thin or heavy coats of polish. Use one or two applica-tions depending on the substrate and the discretion of the tester.Use the same number of coats for both the test polish and thecontrol polish.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes,and is the direct responsi
16、bility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1994. Published January 1995. Originallypublished as D 3751 79. Last previous edition D 3751 89a.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3
17、 Placement of Polishes:7.3.1 Alternative AA controlled randomized method oflaying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is representedas follows:Test Panel Left Center Right1CXC2CCX3X4XXCThese four positionings should be written on tags and drawnrandomly by each of the four who apply the polishe
18、s.7.3.2 Alternative BA controlled randomized method oflaying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is representedas follows:Test Panel Left Right1CX2XC3C4XThese four positionings should be written on tags and drawnrandomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.8. Evaluation8.1 Compare the t
19、est polish and the control as follows:8.1.1 Application Properties (Ease of Rub-Out to MaximumGloss)During application of the polishes note the time andease with which each product develops maximum gloss.8.1.2 Final PropertiesEvaluate any or all of the followingproperties no sooner than 5 min follow
20、ing application:8.1.2.1 GlossEvaluate as depth of gloss.8.1.2.2 UniformityObserve the surface for streaks, unpol-ished dry spots, and general uniformity.8.1.2.3 Film ClarityObserve the clearness or sharpness ofan objects image in the polished surface. Overhead lights,face, hand, or other objects may
21、 be used for reflection. This testmay be eliminated for low-luster surfaces that do not possessmirror-like finishes.8.1.2.4 Smear and Mar ResistanceSmear is the degree ofoiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed-out to thedesired polish appearance. Mar is the degree of film damageresulting f
22、rom a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Checksmear by making a design such as an S with ones finger. Aglancing blow with ones knuckles or soft object such as abook or magazine may be used for determining the degree ofmar.8.1.2.5 Film HealingObserve the length of time requiredfor the smear or ma
23、r in 8.1.2.4 to disappear from the polishfilm.8.1.2.6 RebuffabilityObserve the ease and completenessof repairability when the smears and mars are buffed with apolishing cloth. The amount of physical effort and length oftime required is noted.8.1.2.7 CleaningObserve the ease of removal of oldpolish f
24、ilms as well as common soiling materials such as dust,grease, oils, finger marks, beverage stains, etc. This may bedone either in the laboratory or observed during actual usetrials of the products. In the laboratory, removal of old polishmay be determined by applying multiple coats (10 to 20applicat
25、ions) and determining polish build-up. A polish show-ing little build-up would be rated a good cleaner for old polish.Other materials, such as grease, oils, sugar solutions, etc.,should be tested on an individual basis.8.1.2.8 Water SpottingAt least 2 h after application of thepolishes, place at ran
26、dom on the polished surfaces several spotsof water about the size of a penny. Allow the water to remainon the surface for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h. At preciseintervals, blot the water with a paper towel or other absorbentmaterial. DO NOT WIPE. Observe the presence and degree offilm damage. Oth
27、er materials such as milk, coffee, juice,alcoholic beverages, etc., may be used to supplement the watertest.8.1.2.9 Gloss RetentionObserve the degree of gloss of afreshly applied polish film compared to that of an aged polishfilm.8.1.2.10 Dust AttractionMeasure by carefully wiping thetest surface to
28、 remove all dirt and dust. Place the test substratein a place to accumulate dust. Check dust build-up on the panelafter 24, 48, and 72 h, and after 1 week.9. Report9.1 Alternative AUsing 7.3.1 rate all properties 0 to 5. Avalue of 5 equals excellent and 0 equals complete failure.Values in between ar
29、e various degrees between these extremes.This is a monodic value system for each test surface evaluatedbased on each individual raters own reference scale. Since thethree individuals rating the final properties do not know theplacement sequence, each polished area is rated “blind” withno possibility
30、 for bias.9.1.1 Fig. 1 may be used to record the raw data. Fig. 2 maybe used to summarize and compare data. The followingcalculation provides a rating factor for each property tested:F 5Xpropertyn(1)Fc5Cpropertyn(2)where:F = rating factor for test polish,Fc= rating factor for control polish,Xpropert
31、y= sum of all readings of a specific property forthe test polish,Cproperty= sum of all readings of a specific property forthe control polish, andn = number of observations.9.2 Alternative BUsing 7.3.2 rate all properties 1 to 5,with the control surface always given a rating of 3. The scaleis as foll
32、ows:1 = significantly poorer than control,2 = slightly poorer than control,3 = no difference from control,4 = slightly better than control, and5 = significantly better than control.This value system is a paired comparison with the controlsurface always acting as the point of reference. Since the thr
33、eetesters rating the final properties need the control surface to beidentified, the identification of the control product must not beD 3751 94 (2002)2Rating Scale: 0 to 55 = excellent 2 = fair4 = very good 1 = poor3 = good 0 = complete failureNOTE 1Designate the position of the product (X or C) in t
34、he box designating the position on the test panel; for example: left, center,orright.FIG. 1 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.1.1D 3751 94 (2002)3FIG. 2 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2002)4revealed to prevent bias.9.2.1 Fig. 3 may be
35、 used to record the raw data. Fig. 4 maybe used to summarize and compare data. The followingcalculation provides a rating factor for each property tested:F 5Xpropertyn(3)where:F = rating factor for test polish,Xproperty= sum of all readings for a specific property forthe test polish, andn = number o
36、f observations.Specific properties of the control polish are assigned a valueof 3.0.9.2.2 Record temperature and relative humidity at whichtests were run.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Alternative ADue to the subjective nature of this testmethod, no precision and bias can be established.10.2 Alternative
37、 B(Same as Alternative A.) However,since all the rating factors are in relation to the control, thevalues can be analyzed statistically to determine if the differ-ences observed are significant.11. Keywords11.1 furniture polish; polishesTest Panel Application No. 1 Test Panel Application No. 2Proper
38、ties Control Test Test ControlTest Panel Application No. 3 Test Panel Application No. 4Properties Control Test Test ControlRating Scale: 1 to 55 = significantly better than control4 = slightly better than control3 = no difference from control2 = slightly poorer than control1 = significantly poorer t
39、han controlFIG. 3 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2002)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
40、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
41、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
42、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single o
43、r multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2002)6
