1、Designation: D3786/D3786M 13D3786/D3786M 18Standard Test Method forBursting Strength of Textile FabricsDiaphragm BurstingStrength Tester Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3786/D3786M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Sc
3、ope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumaticdiaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and
4、 woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints.As newmaterials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using TestMethods D3787 or D6797 instead.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regard
5、ed separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1For the measurement of the bursting strength by means o
6、f a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and d
7、etermine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio
8、ns issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT)
9、Ball Burst TestD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test MethodsD6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test2.2 Other Standard:TAPPI Method T 403 , Bursting Strength of Paper33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, F
10、abric Test Methods, see Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bursting strength, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, stretch woven fabric,woven fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.1 This test method is under the jurisdictio
11、n ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2013January 2018. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asD378612.13. DOI:
12、 10.1520/D3786_D3786M-13.10.1520/D3786_D3786M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available
13、from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous vers
14、ion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is clamped over an expandable diaphragm. The diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point ofspecimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure required to
16、rupture the specimen and the pressure required to inflatethe diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.5. Significance and Use5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being usedby the textile industry for the evaluation of a
17、wide variety of end uses.5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actualperformance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics forbursting strength since the m
18、ethod has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreementarising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when usingTest Method D3786 for acceptance testing,the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and t
19、he laboratory of the supplier should be determined withcomparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.NOTE 2The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them a
20、sdescribed in this method.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Inflated Diaphragm Bursting Tester 4 A testing machine that meets the requirements of 6.1.1 6.1.4. Mounted so as tobe free of externally induced vibrations.6.1.1 Clamps, for firmly and uniformly securing the test specimen between two annular, p
21、arallel, and durable surfaces, withoutslippage during the test. Use sufficient pressure to effect the practicable minimization of slippage. The upper and lower clampingsurfaces shall have a circular coaxial aperture of 31 6 0.75 mm (1.22 6 0.03 in.) in diameter: The surfaces of the clamps shallbe du
22、rable and any edge which might cause a cutting action shall be rounded to a radius of not more than 0.4 mm. The lower clampshall be integral with the chamber in which a pressure medium inflates the rubber diaphragm.NOTE 3Since the clamping mechanism and clamping surfaces are subject to considerable
23、wear and distortion, they should be examined periodicallyand repaired or replaced when necessary. The effectiveness of grooving the clamping surfaces in the manner specified has not been determined.6.1.2 DiaphragmA diaphragm of molded synthetic or natural rubber, clamped between the lower clamping p
24、late and the restof the apparatus so that before the diaphragm is stretched by pressure underneath it the center of its upper surface is nominallylevel with the plane of the clamping surface. The diaphragm should be inspected frequently for permanent distortion and renewedas necessary.6.1.3 Pressure
25、 GageThe instrument must be fitted with a pressure measuring system, accurate throughout the entire range ofits scale to within a value of 1 % of its maximum capacity. For those instruments with a Bourdon type gage the capacity of thegage shall be such that the individual readings will be not less t
26、han 25 % nor more than 75 % of the total capacity of the gage.6.1.4 Pressure SystemA means of applying controlled increasing pressure to the underside of the diaphragm until thespecimen bursts. This can be achieved by two methods; hydraulic or pneumatic.6.1.4.1 Hydraulic pressure is produced by a fl
27、uid displaced at the rate of 95 6 5 mL/min. The fluid is displaced by a piston inthe pressure chamber of the apparatus. The recommended chamber fluid is USP chemically pure 96 % glycerin.NOTE 4Ethylene glycol may be substituted for the glycerine if desired.6.1.4.2 Pneumatic pressure is produced by c
28、ontrolling the flow of clean dry air through a valve. The valve is configured as per11.4.16.1.5 Aluminum Sheet For Checking Performance of Tester5Pieces of pretested aluminum sheet having a known burstingstrength in the range of 70 to 790 kPa (10 to 115 psi) may be used for checking the overall perf
29、ormance of the tester.NOTE 5Use of an aluminum sheet from one tester manufacturer may not be suitable for burst testing machines from other tester manufacturers.Manufacturers instructions for checking should be followed.6.1.6 Pressure Recording.6.1.6.1 Hydraulic InstrumentsMeans shall be provided at
30、 the instant of rupture of the specimen for stopping any furtherapplication of the loading pressure and for holding unchanged the contents of the pressure chamber until the total bursting pressureand the pressure required to inflate the diaphragm indicated on the gage have been recorded.6.1.6.2 Pneu
31、matic InstrumentsMeans shall be provided for recording the loading pressure at the point of rupture. Diaphragmcorrection (tare pressure) is achieved by inflating the diaphragm to the same distension recorded at bursting and recording theamount of pressure to achieve this.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic bu
32、rsting strength testers and accessories are commercially available.5 Standardized aluminum sheets are commercially available.D3786/D3786M 1827. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicablematerial specification o
33、r other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units.NOTE 6An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between rollsof fabric and between specimens from
34、a swatch from a roll of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk,acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for acceptance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m (1 yd) long from the endof each roll of fab
35、ric in the lot sample, after first discarding a minimum of 1 m (1 yd) of fabric from the very outside of the roll.From each roll or piece of circular knit fabric selected from the lot sample, cut a band at least 305 mm (1 ft) wide.7.3 Test SpecimensCut ten test specimens from each swatch in the labo
36、ratory sample with each specimen being 125 mm (5in.) square.8. Calibration8.1 Routine Verification of Testing MachineThe operation of the testing machine may be checked periodically (such as onceeach month) by bursting five specimens of standard aluminum sheet. The average of the indicated bursting
37、resistance for the fivespecimens of aluminum sheet should be between 65 % of that marked on the package of the pretested aluminum sheet standard.Use of the aluminum sheet may not be suitable for all burst testing machines. See the manufacturers instructions for routineverification procedures applica
38、ble to individual testing machines.8.2 Calibration of Pressure Measuring SystemCalibrate the pressure measuring system, while inclined at the same angle atwhich it is used, by means of a dead-weight tester of the piston type. Alternatively, a traceable electronic pressure gage may beused or other ca
39、libration instrumentation recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Such calibration is preferably carried outwith the gage in its normal position in the tester.8.3 Where agreement is not attained, check the tester according to the instructions given in TAPPI Method T 403.NOTE 7Possible causes of l
40、ow readings are gage error (bias or nonlinearity), gage expansivity too high, excessive gage pointer friction, air inhydraulic system or gage, diaphragm collapsed too far at zero, and low pumping rate (hand-driven tester). Possible causes of high readings are: gage error(bias nonlinearity), loose ga
41、ge pointer (overshoot), gage pointer bent by stop-pin, insufficient clamping force (slipping), nonuni-form clamping (partialslipping), stiff or inelastic diaphragm, diaphragm above clamping plate at zero, multiple sheet testing, high pumping rate (hand-driven tester), and doublebursts. If a gage is
42、accidentally used beyond its capacity, it must be recalibrated before it is used again.9. Conditioning9.1 Bring the specimens (or laboratory samples) from the prevailing atmosphere to moisture equilibrium for testing in thestandard atmosphere for textile testing as directed in Practice D1776.10. Sel
43、ection and Number of Specimens10.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an applicable material specification, take ten specimens of thelaboratory sample(s) of fabric. Each specimen shall be at least 125 mm (5 in.) square, or a circle 125 mm (5 in.) in diameter.Specimens need not be cut
44、 for testing. No two specimens from knitted fabric should contain the same wale or course yarns. Takeno specimens nearer the selvage than one tenth the fabric width. This restriction does not apply to tubular knitted fabric.11. Procedure11.1 Make all tests on specimens conditioned in the standard at
45、mosphere for testing textiles as directed in 9.1.11.2 Hand Driven Hydraulic Tester:11.2.1 Insert the conditioned specimen under the tripod, drawing the specimen taut across the plate, and clamp specimen inplace by bringing the clamping lever as far to the right as possible.NOTE 8For specimens with c
46、onsiderable stretch, it may be necessary to extend the fabric uniformly over the plate to remove some of the stretchbefore clamping.11.2.2 Rotate the hand wheel, clockwise at a uniform speed of 120 rpm until the specimen bursts.11.2.3 Stop turning the hand wheel at the instant of rupture of the spec
47、imen (see Note 9).11.2.4 Immediately after rupture and in rapid succession, release the clamping lever over the specimen. Immediately release thestrain on the diaphragm by turning the wheel counterclockwise to its starting position and record the pressure required to inflatethe diaphragm (tare press
48、ure). Record the total pressure required to rupture the specimen.NOTE 9If the pressure stops increasing, as indicated by the dial, and the specimen has not broken, push the operating lever to remove the pressure.Record that the stretch of the fabric exceeds the dimensional limitations of the tester.
49、 If slippage of the specimen is noted, discard the result and use anew specimen.11.3 Motor-Driven Hydraulic Tester:D3786/D3786M 18311.3.1 Insert the specimen between the top and bottom clamp ensuring that the specimen is free from creases and folds. Securelyclamp the specimen in place by following the manufacturers instructions appropriate to the machine. Apply pressure to thespecimen until it bursts.11.3.2 Diaphragm Correction (Tare Pressure)Using the same settings as employed to burst the specimen, record the pressurerequired to distend only the
