1、Designation: D 3852 07Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Phenol, Cresols, and Cresylic Acid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is provided to ensure that phenol andcresylic acid are properly sampled to provide representativespecimens for qu
3、ality assurance analyses and that they arehandled in a safe manner. In general, this practice also appliesto cresols, xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic mate-rials; however, specific information regarding these materialsshould be sought and used if available.1.2 The values stated in SI unit
4、s are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health prac
5、tices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR, paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.12003U.S. DOT Regulations, 49 CFR Transportation, Subcha
6、pterC, Parts 171 1803NFPA No. 704-1996 Standard System for the Identificationof the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response43. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful inestablishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expectedthat this information will o
7、nly be utilized in conjunction withan existing health and safety program. The information pro-vided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety andmedical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products4.1 Phenol is a colorless to light pink crystalline materialwhic
8、h melts at 40 to 41C (104 to 106F). Technical and USPgrades melt at lower temperatures.4.2 Phenol is both extremely hygroscopic and sensitive todiscoloration. Therefore, it cannot be overemphasized thatproper precautions must be undertaken when unloading orsampling the product. Moisture must be excl
9、uded. The use ofsampling devices that contain metals that may catalyze discol-oration (iron, copper) must also be avoided.4.3 Cresylic acid is a common chemical name applied tomixtures of alkyl-substituted phenols. Included are mixtures ofcresols, xylenols, and higher alkylated phenols. Many cresyli
10、cacid mixtures contain measurable amounts of phenol.4.4 Most cresylic acid mixtures are liquids at ambienttemperatures. However, at low temperatures (0C) they some-times become very viscous and difficult to pour. Some mixturescontaining high concentrations of high melting isomers mayform thick slurr
11、ies or become solids at low temperatures.4.5 While phenol or cresylic acids are highly dangerouswhen handled improperly, particularly at the elevated tempera-tures sometimes required to unload tank cars or tank trucks,handling and sampling need not be hazardous provided thedangers are recognized. Pr
12、oper precautionary measures mustbe provided and scrupulously adhered to as proscribed by theMSDS or other locally relevant guidelines.4.6 Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Mate-rials Regulations regarding the shipment of this chemical arespecified in 49 CFR.5. Hazards5.1 For information o
13、n toxicity consult the appropriateMSDS.5.2 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers materialsafety data sheets (MSDS), and local regulations for allmaterials utilized in this practice.5.3 HealthPhenol is very corrosive to the skin and pro-duces painful and dangerous burns in a very short time. Si
14、ncephenol is a skin anesthetic, the first reaction is not pain, but a1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on AromaticHydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current
15、 edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3852 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
16、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1
17、 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.whitening of the exposed area. It is readily absorbed thro
18、ughthe skin and mucous membranes or lungs, and severe expo-sures may prove fatal unless prompt first aid and medicaltreatment are exercised. Consult the appropriate MSDS andany other applicable local regulations and guidelines forrecommended unloading procedures. Producers/suppliers typi-cally have
19、guidelines for these procedures. Workers shouldwear appropriate protective clothing and personal protectiveequipment as recommended in such guidelines and the appro-priate MSDS.5.3.1 Qualitatively, cresylic acid is slightly less acute as ahealth hazard than phenol. However, contact of cresylic acidw
20、ith the skin can produce painful and serious burns in a shorttime. It is readily absorbed through the skin and mucousmembranes, through the gastro-intestinal tract, or through thelungs (either as a vapor or in droplet form), potentiallyresulting in systemic poisoning. Consult the appropriate MSDSand
21、 any other applicable local regulations and guidelines forrecommended unloading procedures. Producers/suppliers typi-cally have guidelines for these procedures. Workers shouldwear appropriate protective clothing and personal protectiveequipment as recommended in such guidelines and the appro-priate
22、MSDS.5.4 FireFor general fire hazards, consult the appropriateMSDS as well as any other applicable guidelines such as theNFPA 704M fire hazard classification system.5.5 Molten phenol or cresylic acid can dissolve carbondioxide and releases it on solidification. Therefore, specialprecautions should b
23、e observed if “inert gas” containing carbondioxide is used to agitate or empty containers of phenol orcresylic acid to avoid pressure build-up (for example, leavevents open).5.6 For chemical emergency (spill, leak, fire, exposure, oraccident) consult the appropriate agency or contact as docu-mented
24、on the MSDS.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Use of personal protection equipment in and of itself isnot an adequate substitute for safe working conditions andintelligent conduct on the part of employees who work withphenol or cresylic acid. Employees who work with phenol orcresylic acid should be well tr
25、ained and should maintain safeworking conditions.6.2 Persons engaged in the handling of phenol or cresylicacid shall use protective equipment as dictated by the extent oftheir exposure, the appropriate MSDS, and any and all localregulations and guidelines. It is highly recommended thatworking areas
26、have immediately and easily available deluge-type safety showers as well as eye wash fountains.7. First Aid7.1 The establishment of first aid procedures must be doneprior to sampling and handling of phenol and cresylic acidunder the guidance of competent safety and medical advice,and based on recomm
27、endations in the appropriate MSDS. Withphenol and cresylic acid, speed in acting to remove thecontacting material and seeking medical care is imperative.8. Precautions8.1 Any person sampling or handling these products shouldhave specific first aid instructions and equipment available foruse in the e
28、vent of personal contact or exposure as detailed inthe appropriate MSDS or other local rules and guidelines.8.2 It is recommended that sampling be conducted only bycarefully instructed, experienced, reliable employees, underadequate supervision following all the procedures recom-mended in the approp
29、riate MSDS, by the supplier, or by anyother applicable local guidelines and rules, or combinationsthereof.8.3 Follow shippers instructions always, and read andobserve all caution markings on containers.8.4 Although the vapor given off at elevated temperaturesfrom phenol or cresylic acid will ignite,
30、 these materials cangenerally be handled with little direct danger of fire. The flashpoints of the liquids are higher than the temperatures at whichthey are normally handled. In spite of this, carefully restrictopen flames and smoking in the vicinity of loading, unloading,and storage operations.8.5
31、Do not permit any person ever to enter an empty phenolor cresylic acid tank, tank car, or tank truck until it has beenthoroughly washed out with warm water, followed by athorough steaming. Ensure that oxygen content is acceptableand vessel is free of organic vapors. Require the approval andobservati
32、on by a supervisor in every case. Review Sections 6and 7 in detail.9. Handling and Sampling of Drums9.1 Before loading, unloading, or sampling of drums ofphenol or cresylic acid, carefully read and proceed in accor-dance with Sections 4-8.9.2 Handle drums carefully when being transported. Blockdrums
33、 in place during transportation to prevent movement andduring unloading to prevent spilling.9.3 Place the drum bung up, loosen the plug slowly torelieve internal pressure, and allow all internal pressure to ventprior to unloading or sampling.9.4 Most cresylic acids are liquids at ambient temperature
34、s.Phenol and some cresylic acids are solids at ambient tempera-tures. If melting is necessary to remove the contents of a drum,do the necessary heating in a special steam-heated meltingchamber, hot-water bath, with steam coils, or with an approvedelectric drum heater. Never use a flame for melting t
35、he drumcontents. Properly vent the drum during this operation in orderto prevent pressuring. (WarningDo not overheat drums asthe danger of spillage caused by thermal expansion andexcessive vapors exists.)9.5 Prior to sampling, mix the contents of the drum thor-oughly in order to ensure uniformity of
36、 the material. This maybe accomplished by mechanical agitation or sparging with inertgas (nitrogen is recommended). Exercise extreme caution toprevent pressurization or splashing if inert gas sparging is used.9.6 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice E 300.Accomplish sampling by using a clea
37、n, dry glass or polypro-pylene sample tube and a clean, dry, glass or other appropriatecontainer of appropriate size. The closure shall be a screw capfitted with a polyethylene or other inert liner. Label the sampleD3852072container to indicate, as a minimum, the date and time, sourceof sample, type
38、 of material, quantity, hazards, purpose ofsample, and the name of the sampler and in accordance withOSHA regulations or any other applicable local regulations.9.7 Unload by any convenient, safe method, includinggravity flow and pumping, or as recommended in the appro-priate MSDS. Pressure unloading
39、 of drums is not recom-mended. Take full precautions to protect personnel and equip-ment from the effects of a possible drum rupture.10. Unloading of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks10.1 Before unloading or sampling tank cars or tank trucksof phenol or cresylic acid, carefully read and proceed inaccordance
40、 with Sections 4-8.10.2 Always follow DOT or other appropriate local regula-tions and shippers instructions, and place, read, and observeall caution markings on the sides of the tank or dome.10.3 Follow the unloading recommendations as provided bythe appropriate MSDS, the Producer/Supplier, or any o
41、therlocally applicable rules and guidelines, or combinationsthereof.11. Sampling of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks11.1 Sample tank cars or trucks in accordance with PracticeE 300.Any method of sampling therein described that providesa representative sample is acceptable. Among these are “Av-erage Sample,
42、” “All-Level Sample,” “Continuous Sample,”and “Running Sample.”11.1.1 Refer to DOT 49 CFR 173 or other applicable localregulations for specific packaging regulations for sampleshipment.11.2 A suitable clean, dry glass or other appropriate con-tainer, of appropriate size, must be used.11.3 Sampling s
43、hall be done after heating or mixing, orboth, or during unloading (in the case of a continuous sample).11.4 Place emphasis on the use of clean and dry samplingequipment and sample containers.11.5 Immediately after the sample container is filled, screwthe cap on tightly before making any attempt to r
44、inse off phenolor cresylic acid from the outside. Rinse bottle with water andfollow approved procedures for disposal. Label the sample aswith drum samples (see 9.6).12. Barges and Tankers12.1 Barges and tankers are sampled and handled in amanner similar to tank cars and tank trucks (Section 11).13.
45、Keywords13.1 alkyl-substituted phenols; cresols; cresylic acid; han-dling; phenol; sampling; xylenolsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 3852 - 06) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved January 1, 2007.
46、)(1) Section 6 Slight change in wording in 6.1.Committee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 3852 - 99) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2006.)(1) Section 1 Deleted last sentence in 1.2.(2) Section 4 Added reference t
47、o MSDS in 4.5.(3) Section 5 Use of manufacturers MSDS emphasized,removed much of the specific detail relating to fire hazards,handling and ventilation. Removed all notes. Removed specificreference to CHEMTREC in 5.6.(4) Section 6 Emphasized MSDS as source for specificpersonal protection equipment (P
48、PE), removed specific recom-mendations for PPE and eyewash station specifications.(5) Section 7 Emphasized MSDS recommendations for firstaid measures, eliminated 7.2.(6) Section 8 Emphasized MSDS recommendations forprecautions. Deleted original 8.3, 8.4, 8.8, and 8.9.(7) Section 9 Deleted Note 1 and
49、 moved Warning Note 2into 9.4. Emphasized MSDS recommendations for handling.(8) Section 10 Rewrote 10.3 emphasizing consultationwith MSDS or other sources, local or from the manufacturer.Eliminated 10.4 through 10.10.(9) Section 12 Original Section 12 eliminated, the rest ofthe sections were renumbered.(10) Section 12 Eliminated last sentence in 13.1.(11) Table 1, “Creslyic Properties” and Table 2, “ Bulk Pack-aging Regulatory Information” were eliminated.D3852073ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
