1、Designation: D3852 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Phenol, Cresols, and Cresylic Acid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is provided to ensure that phenol andcresylic acid are properly sampled to provide representatives
3、pecimens for quality assurance analyses and that they arehandled in a safe manner. In general, this practice also appliesto cresols, xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic mate-rials; however, specific information regarding these materialsshould be sought and used if available.1.2 The values st
4、ated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.12003U.S. DOT Regulations, 49 CFR Transport
6、ation, SubchapterC, Parts 171 1803NFPA No. 704-1996 Standard System for the Identificationof the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response43. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful inestablishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expectedthat this infor
7、mation will only be utilized in conjunction withan existing health and safety program. The information pro-vided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety andmedical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products4.1 Phenol is a colorless to light pink crystalline
8、 materialwhich melts at 40 to 41C (104 to 106F). Technical and USPgrades melt at lower temperatures.4.2 Phenol is both extremely hygroscopic and sensitive todiscoloration. Therefore, it cannot be overemphasized thatproper precautions must be undertaken when unloading orsampling the product. Moisture
9、 must be excluded. The use ofsampling devices that contain metals that may catalyze discol-oration (iron, copper) must also be avoided.4.3 Cresylic acid is a common chemical name applied tomixtures of alkyl-substituted phenols. Included are mixtures ofcresols, xylenols, and higher alkylated phenols.
10、 Many cresylicacid mixtures contain measurable amounts of phenol.4.4 Most cresylic acid mixtures are liquids at ambienttemperatures. However, at low temperatures (0C) they some-times become very viscous and difficult to pour. Some mixturescontaining high concentrations of high melting isomers mayfor
11、m thick slurries or become solids at low temperatures.4.5 While phenol or cresylic acids are highly dangerouswhen handled improperly, particularly at the elevated tempera-tures sometimes required to unload tank cars or tank trucks,handling and sampling need not be hazardous provided thedangers are r
12、ecognized. Proper precautionary measures mustbe provided and scrupulously adhered to as proscribed by theMSDS or other locally relevant guidelines.4.6 Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Mate-rials Regulations regarding the shipment of this chemical arespecified in 49 CFR.5. Hazards5.1 For
13、information on toxicity consult the appropriateMSDS.5.2 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers materialsafety data sheets (MSDS), and local regulations for allmaterials utilized in this practice.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on AromaticHydrocarbons and Related C
14、hemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3852 07. DOI:10.1520/D3852-07R12.2For refer
15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Docum
16、ents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inter
17、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 HealthPhenol is very corrosive to the skin and pro-duces painful and dangerous burns in a very short time. Sincephenol is a skin anesthetic, the first reaction is not pain, but awhitening of the exposed
18、 area. It is readily absorbed throughthe skin and mucous membranes or lungs, and severe expo-sures may prove fatal unless prompt first aid and medicaltreatment are exercised. Consult the appropriate MSDS andany other applicable local regulations and guidelines forrecommended unloading procedures. Pr
19、oducers/suppliers typi-cally have guidelines for these procedures. Workers shouldwear appropriate protective clothing and personal protectiveequipment as recommended in such guidelines and the appro-priate MSDS.5.3.1 Qualitatively, cresylic acid is slightly less acute as ahealth hazard than phenol.
20、However, contact of cresylic acidwith the skin can produce painful and serious burns in a shorttime. It is readily absorbed through the skin and mucousmembranes, through the gastro-intestinal tract, or through thelungs (either as a vapor or in droplet form), potentiallyresulting in systemic poisonin
21、g. Consult the appropriate MSDSand any other applicable local regulations and guidelines forrecommended unloading procedures. Producers/suppliers typi-cally have guidelines for these procedures. Workers shouldwear appropriate protective clothing and personal protectiveequipment as recommended in suc
22、h guidelines and the appro-priate MSDS.5.4 FireFor general fire hazards, consult the appropriateMSDS as well as any other applicable guidelines such as theNFPA 704M fire hazard classification system.5.5 Molten phenol or cresylic acid can dissolve carbondioxide and releases it on solidification. Ther
23、efore, specialprecautions should be observed if “inert gas” containing carbondioxide is used to agitate or empty containers of phenol orcresylic acid to avoid pressure build-up (for example, leavevents open).5.6 For chemical emergency (spill, leak, fire, exposure, oraccident) consult the appropriate
24、 agency or contact as docu-mented on the MSDS.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Use of personal protection equipment in and of itself isnot an adequate substitute for safe working conditions andintelligent conduct on the part of employees who work withphenol or cresylic acid. Employees who work with phenol
25、 orcresylic acid should be well trained and should maintain safeworking conditions.6.2 Persons engaged in the handling of phenol or cresylicacid shall use protective equipment as dictated by the extent oftheir exposure, the appropriate MSDS, and any and all localregulations and guidelines. It is hig
26、hly recommended thatworking areas have immediately and easily available deluge-type safety showers as well as eye wash fountains.7. First Aid7.1 The establishment of first aid procedures must be doneprior to sampling and handling of phenol and cresylic acidunder the guidance of competent safety and
27、medical advice,and based on recommendations in the appropriate MSDS. Withphenol and cresylic acid, speed in acting to remove thecontacting material and seeking medical care is imperative.8. Precautions8.1 Any person sampling or handling these products shouldhave specific first aid instructions and e
28、quipment available foruse in the event of personal contact or exposure as detailed inthe appropriate MSDS or other local rules and guidelines.8.2 It is recommended that sampling be conducted only bycarefully instructed, experienced, reliable employees, underadequate supervision following all the pro
29、cedures recom-mended in the appropriate MSDS, by the supplier, or by anyother applicable local guidelines and rules, or combinationsthereof.8.3 Follow shippers instructions always, and read andobserve all caution markings on containers.8.4 Although the vapor given off at elevated temperaturesfrom ph
30、enol or cresylic acid will ignite, these materials cangenerally be handled with little direct danger of fire. The flashpoints of the liquids are higher than the temperatures at whichthey are normally handled. In spite of this, carefully restrictopen flames and smoking in the vicinity of loading, unl
31、oading,and storage operations.8.5 Do not permit any person ever to enter an empty phenolor cresylic acid tank, tank car, or tank truck until it has beenthoroughly washed out with warm water, followed by athorough steaming. Ensure that oxygen content is acceptableand vessel is free of organic vapors.
32、 Require the approval andobservation by a supervisor in every case. Review Sections 6and 7 in detail.9. Handling and Sampling of Drums9.1 Before loading, unloading, or sampling of drums ofphenol or cresylic acid, carefully read and proceed in accor-dance with Sections 4-8.9.2 Handle drums carefully
33、when being transported. Blockdrums in place during transportation to prevent movement andduring unloading to prevent spilling.9.3 Place the drum bung up, loosen the plug slowly torelieve internal pressure, and allow all internal pressure to ventprior to unloading or sampling.9.4 Most cresylic acids
34、are liquids at ambient temperatures.Phenol and some cresylic acids are solids at ambient tempera-tures. If melting is necessary to remove the contents of a drum,do the necessary heating in a special steam-heated meltingchamber, hot-water bath, with steam coils, or with an approvedelectric drum heate
35、r. Never use a flame for melting the drumcontents. Properly vent the drum during this operation in orderto prevent pressuring. (WarningDo not overheat drums asthe danger of spillage caused by thermal expansion andexcessive vapors exists.)9.5 Prior to sampling, mix the contents of the drum thor-oughl
36、y in order to ensure uniformity of the material. This maybe accomplished by mechanical agitation or sparging with inertD3852 07 (2012)2gas (nitrogen is recommended). Exercise extreme caution toprevent pressurization or splashing if inert gas sparging is used.9.6 Obtain the sample in accordance with
37、Practice E300.Accomplish sampling by using a clean, dry glass or polypro-pylene sample tube and a clean, dry, glass or other appropriatecontainer of appropriate size. The closure shall be a screw capfitted with a polyethylene or other inert liner. Label the samplecontainer to indicate, as a minimum,
38、 the date and time, sourceof sample, type of material, quantity, hazards, purpose ofsample, and the name of the sampler and in accordance withOSHA regulations or any other applicable local regulations.9.7 Unload by any convenient, safe method, includinggravity flow and pumping, or as recommended in
39、the appro-priate MSDS. Pressure unloading of drums is not recom-mended. Take full precautions to protect personnel and equip-ment from the effects of a possible drum rupture.10. Unloading of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks10.1 Before unloading or sampling tank cars or tank trucksof phenol or cresylic acid
40、, carefully read and proceed inaccordance with Sections 4-8.10.2 Always follow DOT or other appropriate local regula-tions and shippers instructions, and place, read, and observeall caution markings on the sides of the tank or dome.10.3 Follow the unloading recommendations as provided bythe appropri
41、ate MSDS, the Producer/Supplier, or any otherlocally applicable rules and guidelines, or combinationsthereof.11. Sampling of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks11.1 Sample tank cars or trucks in accordance with PracticeE300. Any method of sampling therein described that providesa representative sample is acce
42、ptable. Among these are “Av-erage Sample,” “All-Level Sample,” “Continuous Sample,”and “Running Sample.”11.1.1 Refer to DOT 49 CFR 173 or other applicable localregulations for specific packaging regulations for sampleshipment.11.2 A suitable clean, dry glass or other appropriate con-tainer, of appro
43、priate size, must be used.11.3 Sampling shall be done after heating or mixing, orboth, or during unloading (in the case of a continuous sample).11.4 Place emphasis on the use of clean and dry samplingequipment and sample containers.11.5 Immediately after the sample container is filled, screwthe cap
44、on tightly before making any attempt to rinse off phenolor cresylic acid from the outside. Rinse bottle with water andfollow approved procedures for disposal. Label the sample aswith drum samples (see 9.6).12. Barges and Tankers12.1 Barges and tankers are sampled and handled in amanner similar to ta
45、nk cars and tank trucks (Section 11).13. Keywords13.1 alkyl-substituted phenols; cresols; cresylic acid; han-dling; phenol; sampling; xylenolsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3852 - 06)that may impact the use of t
46、his standard. (Approved January 1, 2007.)(1) Section 6 Slight change in wording in 6.1.Committee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3852 - 99)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2006.)(1) Section 1 Deleted last sentence
47、 in 1.2.(2) Section 4 Added reference to MSDS in 4.5.(3) Section 5 Use of manufacturers MSDS emphasized,removed much of the specific detail relating to fire hazards,handling and ventilation. Removed all notes. Removed specificreference to CHEMTREC in 5.6.(4) Section 6 Emphasized MSDS as source for s
48、pecificpersonal protection equipment (PPE), removed specific recom-mendations for PPE and eyewash station specifications.(5) Section 7 Emphasized MSDS recommendations for firstaid measures, eliminated 7.2.(6) Section 8 Emphasized MSDS recommendations forprecautions. Deleted original 8.3, 8.4, 8.8, a
49、nd 8.9.(7) Section 9 Deleted Note 1 and moved Warning Note 2into 9.4. Emphasized MSDS recommendations for handling.(8) Section 10 Rewrote 10.3 emphasizing consultation withMSDS or other sources, local or from the manufacturer.Eliminated 10.4 through 10.10.(9) Section 12 Original Section 12 eliminated, the rest of thesections were renumbered.(10) Section 12 Eliminated last sentence in 13.1.(11) Table 1, “Creslyic Properties” and Table 2, “ Bulk Pack-aging Regulatory Information” were eliminated.D3852 07 (2012)3ASTM International takes no position
